The Ral GTPase pathway in metastatic bladder cancer: Key mediator and therapeutic target

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 42-47

  Smith, Steven Christopher ^a   Theodorescu, Dan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Bladder cancer; CD24; GTPase; Ral

Indexed keywords

AURORA KINASE INHIBITOR; CD24 ANTIGEN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CD24; PROTEIN; RAL PROTEIN; RALA PROTEIN; RALB PROTEIN; RAS PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BLADDER CANCER; BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER GROWTH; CELL MIGRATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG TARGETING; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HUMAN; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; METASTASIS; METASTASIS POTENTIAL; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, CD24; CELL LINE, TUMOR; CELL MOVEMENT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; PHENOTYPE; PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL; RAL GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 58049221079     PISSN: 10781439     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.04.012     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Feig L.A. Ral-GTPases: Approaching their 15 minutes of fame. Trends Cell Biol 13 (2003) 419-425
2. Botteman M.F., Pashos C.L., Redaelli A., et al. The health economics of bladder cancer: A comprehensive review of the published literature. Pharmacoeconomics 21 (2003) 1315-1330
3. Malkowicz S.B., van Poppel H., Mickisch G., et al. Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urology 69 (2007) 3-16
4. Wu X.R. Urothelial tumorigenesis: A tale of divergent pathways. Nat Rev Cancer 5 (2005) 713-725
5. Gildea J.J., Seraj M.J., Oxford G., et al. RhoGDI2 is an invasion and metastasis suppressor gene in human cancer. Cancer Res 62 (2002) 6418-6423
6. Theodorescu D., Sapinoso L.M., Conaway M.R., et al. Reduced expression of metastasis suppressor RhoGDI2 is associated with decreased survival for patients with bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10 (2004) 3800-3806
7. Titus B., Frierson Jr. H.F., Conaway M., et al. Endothelin axis is a target of the lung metastasis suppressor gene RhoGDI2. Cancer Res 65 (2005) 7320-7327
8. Wu Y., McRoberts K., Berr S.S., et al. Neuromedin U is regulated by the metastasis suppressor RhoGDI2 and is a novel promoter of tumor formation, lung metastasis, and cancer cachexia. Oncogene 26 (2007) 765-773
9. Nicholson B.E., Frierson H.F., Conaway M.R., et al. Profiling the evolution of human metastatic bladder cancer. Cancer Res 64 (2004) 7813-7821
10. Harding M.A., Arden K.C., Gildea J.W., et al. Functional genomic comparison of lineage-related human bladder cancer cell lines with differing tumorigenic and metastatic potentials by spectral karyotyping, comparative genomic hybridization, and a novel method of positional expression profiling. Cancer Res 62 (2002) 6981-6989
11. Oxford G., Owens C.R., Titus B.J., et al. RalA and RalB: Antagonistic relatives in cancer cell migration. Cancer Res 65 (2005) 7111-7120
12. Theodorescu D., Laderoute K.R., and Gulding K.M. Epidermal growth factor receptor-regulated human bladder cancer motility is in part a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated process. Cell Growth Differ 9 (1998) 919-928
13. Gildea J.J., Golden W.L., Harding M.A., et al. Genetic and phenotypic changes associated with the acquisition of tumorigenicity in human bladder cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27 (2000) 252-263
14. Gildea J.J., Harding M.A., Seraj M.J., et al. The role of Ral A in epidermal growth factor receptor-regulated cell motility. Cancer Res 62 (2002) 982-985
15. Lim K.H., Baines A.T., Fiordalisi J.J., et al. Activation of Ral A is critical for Ras-induced tumorigenesis of human cells. Cancer Cell 7 (2005) 533-545
16. Smith S.C., Oxford G., Baras A.S., et al. Expression of Ral GTPases, their effectors, and activators in human bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13 (2007) 3803-3813
17. Rhodes D.R., Yu J., Shanker K., et al. ONCOMINE: A cancer microarray database and integrated data-mining platform. Neoplasia 6 (2004) 1-6
18. Varambally S., Yu J., Laxman B., et al. Integrative genomic and proteomic analysis of prostate cancer reveals signatures of metastatic progression. Cancer Cell 8 (2005) 393-406
19. Suzuki J., Yamazaki Y., Li G., et al. Involvement of Ras and Ral in chemotactic migration of skeletal myoblasts. Mol Cell Biol 20 (2000) 4658-4665
20. Ohta Y., Suzuki N., Nakamura S., et al. The small GTPase RalA targets filamin to induce filopodia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 (1999) 2122-2128
21. Rosse C., Hatzoglou A., Parrini M.C., et al. RalB mobilizes the exocyst to drive cell migration. Mol Cell Biol 26 (2006) 727-734
22. Yin J., Pollock C., Tracy K., et al. Activation of the RalGEF/Ral pathway promotes prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Mol Cell Biol 27 (2007) 7538-7550
23. Lim K.H., O'Hayer K., Adam S.J., et al. Divergent roles for RalA and RalB in malignant growth of human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Curr Biol 16 (2006) 2385-2394
24. Frankel P., Aronheim A., Kavanagh E., et al. RalA interacts with ZONAB in a cell density-dependent manner and regulates its transcriptional activity. EMBO J 24 (2005) 54-62
25. Henry D.O., Moskalenko S.A., Kaur K.J., et al. Ral GTPases contribute to regulation of cyclin D1 through activation of NF-κB. Mol Cell Biol 20 (2000) 8084-8092
26. Okan E., Drewett V., Shaw P.E., et al. The small-GTPase RalA activates transcription of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) gene via an AP1-dependent mechanism. Oncogene 20 (2001) 1816-1824
27. Rinaldo F., Li J., Wang E., et al. RalA regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) synthesis in prostate cancer cells during androgen ablation. Oncogene 26 (2007) 1731-1738
28. Oxford G., Smith S.C., and Hampton G. Expression profiling of Ral-depleted bladder cancer cells identifies RREB-1 as a novel transcriptional Ral effector. Oncogene 26 (2007) 7143-7152
29. Kristiansen G., Sammar M., and Altevogt P. Tumor biological aspects of CD24, a mucin-like adhesion molecule. J Mol Histol 35 (2004) 255-262
30. Baumann P., Cremers N., Kroese F., et al. CD24 expression causes the acquisition of multiple cellular properties associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 65 (2005) 10783-10793
31. Li C., Heidt D.G., Dalerba P., et al. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 67 (2007) 1030-1037
32. Smith S.C., Oxford G., Wu Z., et al. The metastasis-associated gene CD24 is regulated by Ral GTPase and is a mediator of cell proliferation and survival in human cancer. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 1917-1922
33. Wu J.C., Chen T.Y., Yu C.T., et al. Identification of V23RalA-Ser194 as a critical mediator for Aurora-A-induced cellular motility and transformation by small pool expression screening. J Biol Chem 280 (2005) 9013-9022
34. Sablina A.A., Chen W., Arroyo J.D., et al. The tumor suppressor PP2A Aβ regulates the RalA GTPase. Cell 129 (2007) 969-982
35. Katayama H., Brinkley W.R., and Sen S. The Aurora kinases: Role in cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 22 (2003) 451-464
36. Benkerrou M., Jais J.P., Leblond V., et al. Anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody treatment of severe posttransplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder: Prognostic factors and long-term outcome. Blood 92 (1998) 3137-3147