Depicting the other faith: A bibliographical survey of Indonesian muslim polemics on christianity

Studia Islamika

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 77-120

  Ropi, Ismatu ^a  

^a State Institute of Islamic Studies   (Indonesia)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 58049214611     PISSN: 02150492     EISSN: 23556145     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v6i1.747     Document Type: Article

References (236)

1. J. S. Furnivall, Netherlands India: A Study of Plural Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967), 117-119.
2. See also, M. C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981), 114-119.
3. J. S. Furnivall, Colonial Policy and Practice: A Comparative Study of Burma and Netherlands India (New York: New York University Press, 1956), 223-224.
4. See Robert van Neil, The Emergence of the Modern Indonesian Elite (The Hague: Martinus Nijhof, 1960), 32; 36-38.
5. Furnivall, Colonial Policy and Practice, 227.
6. Furnivall, Colonial Policy and Practice, 225.
7. E. G. Singgih, "Contextualisation and Inter-Religious Relationship in Java: Past and Present", The Asia Journal of Theology 11, no. 2(October 1997):250-252.
8. Deliar Noer, The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia 1900-1945 (London: Oxford University Press, 1973), 162-166;
9. Alwi Shihab, "The Muhammadiyah Movement and its Controversy with Christian Mission" (Ph. D. dissertation Temple University, 1995)", 52.
10. Shihab, "The Muhammadiyah Movement", 41-44.
11. See Stephen Neill, A History of Christian Missions, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979), 192.
12. See Rita Smith Kipp, The Early Years of a Dutch Colonial Mission: The Karo Field (Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 1990), 25-26.
13. An extensive historical description of missionaries activities in Java can be found in Th. Sumartana's Mission at the Crossroads: Indigenous Churches, European Missionaries, Islamic Association and Socio-Religious Change in Java 1812-1936 (Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1993).
14. Hendrik Kraemer, "Sending di Hindia Belanda", in Politik Etis dan Revolusi Kemerdekaan, eds. H. Boudet and I. J. Brugmans (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 1987), 335.
15. See Neill, A History of Christian Missions, 192.
16. Singgih, "Contextualisation and Inter-Religious Relationship in Java", 254.
17. Singgih, "Contextualisation and Inter-Religious Relationship in Java", 254.
18. See Moenawar Chalil, "Pemandangan Sepintas Laloe", Sinar Baroe, (July 1943), n. p.
19. as quoted by A. Mukti'Ali ['Abdul Mu'ti 'All], "The Muhammadiyah Movement: A Bibliographical Introduction", (M. A. thesis McGill University, 1957), 56; 80-81.
20. See Bonar Sidjabat, Religious Tolerance and the Christian Faith: A Study Concerning the Concept of Divine Omnipotence in the Indonesian Constitution in the Light of Islam and Christianity (Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1965), 61-62;
21. compare to Neill, A History of Christian Missions, 322-396.
22. See also Aqib Suminto, Politik Islam Hindu Belanda (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1985), 26-28.
23. Noer, The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia, 165-175;
24. Shihab, "The Muhammadiyah Movement", 53;
25. Suminto, Politik Islam, 35.
26. See Azyumardi Azra, "The Transmission of Islamic Reformism to Indonesia: Networks of Middle Eastern and Malay-Indonesian 'Ulama" in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries" (Ph. D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1992).
27. See G. F. Pijper, "Politik Islam Pemerintah Belanda", in Politik Etis dan Revolusi Kemerdekaan, 240-241.
28. William Montgomery Watt, Muslim-Christian Encounters (London: Routledge, 1991), 104-105.
29. See Van Neil, The Emergence of the Modern Indonesian Elite, 83-84.
30. Shihab, "The Muhammadiyah Movement", 45-46.
31. See Von Wendelin Wawer, Muslime and Christien in der Republik Indonesia (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1974), 323.
32. Carl F. Hallencreutz, Kraemcr Towards Tambaram, 161.
33. See also Mikha Joedhiswara, "Hendrik Kraemer and Inter-religious Relations in Indonesia", Asia Journal of Theology 9, no. 1(1995):92.
34. The reference is, of course, to the appearance of fascist regimes in Italy, Spain and Germany. Hendrik Kraemer, The Christian Message in a Non-Christian World (London: Edinburgh House Press, 1938), 353.
35. See B. J. Boland and I. Farjon, Islam in Indonesia: A Bibliographical Survey 1600-1942 with Post-1945 Addenda (Dordrecht The Netherlands: Foris Publication Holland, 1983), 46.
36. Kraemer, The Christian Message, 220;
37. Shihab, "The Muhammadiyah Movement", 41.
38. Kraemer, The Christian Message, 46.
39. Hendrik Kraemer, Agama Islam, 1st ed. (Bandung: N. V. u/h A. C. Nix & Co, 1928;3d ed. reprint, Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Kristen, 1952).
40. Kraemer, Agama Islam, 41.
41. Kraemer, Agama Islam, 43.
42. Kraemer, Agama Islam, 31.
43. Muhammad Natsir, Islam dan Kristen di Indonesia (Bandung: CV Bulan Sabit &C CV Peladjar, 1969), 37-39.
44. See also Sumartana, Mission at the Crossroads, 329-330.
45. A. D. Haanie, Islam Mcnentang Kraemer (Yogyakarta: Penyiaran Islam, 1929).
46. Kraemer, Agama Islam, 48;
47. Sumartana, Mission at the Crossroads, 329; 348.
48. Haanie, Islam Menentang Kraemer, 85.
49. Haanie, Islam Menentang Kraemer, 82;
50. see Sumartana, Mission at the Crossroads, 329.
51. Kraemer, Agama Islam, 26.
52. Haanie, Islam Menentang Kraemer, 82;
53. and Sumartana, Mission at the Crossroads, 331.
54. As cited by Karel Steenbrink in Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam (Amsterdam: Rodopy B. V., 1993), 118-119.
55. Steenbrink in Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam, 118-119.
56. Muhammad Natsir, "Islam, Katholiek, Pemerintah", Pembela Islam 33(1931):2.
57. See Natsir, Islam dan Kristen, 37-43.
58. Natsir, Islam dan Kristen di Indonesia, 41.
59. See Yusril Ihza, "Combining Activism and Intellectualism: The Biography of Muhammad Natsir", Stadia Islamika 2, no. 1(1995):132.
60. Natsir, Moehammadals Profeet, reprinted by Persatuan Islam (Bandung: Penerbit Persaman Islam, 1930).
61. See Ihza, "Combining Activism", 133.
62. See Natsir, "Ruh Suci", Pembcla Islam 13(1930):5-10.
63. Reprinted in Islam dan Kristen di Indonesia, 18-23.
64. Natsir, Islam dan Kristen di Indonesia, 21-23.
65. As cited by Howard M. Federspiel in Persatuan Islam: Islamic Reform in Twentieth Ccntioy Indonesia (Ithaca: Modern Indonesia Project, 1970), 107-108.
66. Federspiel, Persatuan Islam, 108.
67. For an account of his life and his modern ijtihad, see Tamar Djaya, Riwayat Hidup A. Hassan (Jakarta: Mutiam, 1980)
68. and Akh. Minhaji, "Ahmad Hassan and Islamic Legal Reform in Indonesia, 1887-1958" (Ph. D dissertation, McGill University, 1997).
69. Ahmad Hassan, Ketochanan Jesoes Menocroct Bijbel (Bandung: Persatuan Islam, 1940).
70. See also Federspiel, Persatuan Islam, 108.
71. Hassan, Ketochanan Jesoes, 34-35.
72. See Federspiel, Persatuan Islam, 110.
73. Hassan, Ketochanan Jesoes, 5.
74. Federspiel, Persatuan Islam, 109.
75. Hassan, Iesa dan Agamanja: Djawaban Terhadap Baku ha didalam Alqaran' (Bangil: Persatuan Islam, 1958).
76. Carl F. Hallencreutz, Kraemer Towards Tambaram (Uppsala: Almquist and Wiksells, 1966), 160.
77. An excellent analysis of the common Western view of Islam is found in Norman Daniel's, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1960; reprint, Oxford: One World, 1997).
78. For more information on the issue see W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Mecca (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965), 101-109.
79. See also Karen Armstrong, Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996), 108-133.
80. See B. J. Boland, The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia (Leiden: Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal, -Land-en Volkenkunde, 1982), 8.
81. See Deliar Noer, "Islam as a Political Force in Indonesia", Mizan 1, no. 4(1984):35-36.
82. See [Endang] Saifuddin Ashari, "The Jakarta Charter of June 1945: A History of the Gentleman's Agreement between the Islamic and the Secular Nationalists in Modern Indonesia", (M. A. thesis, McGill University, 1976).
83. See Azyumardi Azra, "The Long Struggle of Islam's Largest Nation", Mizan 1, no. 1(January 1984):74-75;
84. Nurcholish Madjid, "Islam in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities", Mizan 1, no. 3(1984):74-75.
85. Deliar Noer, Administration of Mam in Indonesia (Ithaca: Modern Indonesia Project, 1978), 11.
86. Noer, Administration of Islam, 8-9.
87. Noer, Administration of Islam, 12-13.
88. Wawer, Muslime und Christien, 144-145.
89. Muhammad Yamin, Naskab Pcrsiapan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, vol. 1(Jakarta: Jajasan Prapantja, 1959), 457
90. as is quoted by Noer, Administration of Islam, 11.
91. Noer, Administration of Islam, 14.
92. Sidjabat, Religious Tolerance, 60.
93. Harry J. Benda, The Crescent and the Rising Sun: Indonesian Islam under the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945 (The Hague: Van Hoeve, 1958), 176.
94. Victor Tanja, "Islamic Resurgence in Indonesia and Christian Response", The Asia Journal of Theology 2, no. 2(1991):364-365.
95. Christine Schirrmacher, "Muslim Apologetics and The Agra Debates of 1854: A Nineteenth Century Turning Point", The Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies 13, no. 1(1) (January-June 1994):78-79.
96. Robert Davidson and Leaney, Biblical Criticism, ed. R. P. C. Hanson (Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd., 1970), 11-12.
97. Rahmat Allah al-Hindî al-Kairânâwî, Izhâr al-Haqq, ed. A'Imad Hijazi al-Saqqa (Al-Qâhira: Dâral-Turâth, 1977).
98. Hasbullah Bakry, Isi dalam Quran Muhammad dalam Bible (Solo: Siti Syamsiah, 1959).
99. F. L. Bakker, Tuhan Yesusdalam Agama Islam (Jakarta: BPK GunungMulia, 1957).
100. See my writing on Hasbullah Bakry. Ismatu Ropi, "Muslim-Christian Encounter in Post-Colonial Indonesia", Hamdard Islamicus XXI, No. 2(April-June 1998):49-54;
101. see also Ismatu Ropi, "Muslim-Christian Polemic in Indonesia Islamic Literature", Islam Christian Muslim Relations 9, vol. 3(July 1998):217-229
102. O. Hashem, Kcesaan Tuhan: Sebuah Pcmbahasan Ilmiah (Surabaya: JAPI, 1962).
103. Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 56-60.
104. Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 18-28.
105. Fulton J. Sheen, God and Intelligence in Modern Philosophy (London: Longmans, 1930).
106. See Hashem, Kcesaan Tuhan, 4-5.
107. The original title of Crane Brinton's book was The Shaping of Modern Thought (New York: Spectrum Book, 1963).
108. Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 29-30.
109. Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 32-33.
110. Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 33.
111. Charles Francis Potter, The Lost Years of Jesus Revealed (Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, 1958).
112. See Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 76-77.
113. Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 78.
114. Hashem, Keesaan Tuhan, 79.
115. Umar Hasyim, Toleransi dan Kemerdekaan dalam Islam Sebagai Dasar Menuju Dialog dan Kcrukunan Antar Agama (Surabaya: PT. Bina Ilmu, 1977), 270.
116. Suara Muhammadijah 25, no. 35(1963):5;
117. Wawer, Muslime und Christien, 218-219;
118. Bisjron A. Wardy, Memahami Kegiatan Nasrani (Jogjakata: Muhammadijah, 1964);
119. and Umar Hasyim, Toleransi dan Kemerdekaan, 270-273.
120. See Wawer, Muslime und Christien, 235.
121. Panji Masjarakat 17, no. 1(1967):4;
122. Wawer, Muslime und Christien, 234-235.
123. Hasyim, Toleransi dan Kemerdekaan, 272.
124. Hasyim, Toleransi dan Kemerdekaan, 272-273.
125. See Harold Crouch, The Army and Politics in Indonesia, (Ithaca: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, 1978);
126. Benedict R. Anderson and Ruth McVey, Preliminary Analysis of the October 1965 Coup in Indonesia (Ithaca: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, 1971);
127. Caldwell and Utrecht, Indonesia: An Alternative History (Sidney: Alternative Publishing Cooperative Limited, 1979);
128. and Brian May, The Indonesia Tragedy (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978).
129. Hamish McDonald. Soeharto's Indonesia (Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1980), 66-67.
130. Clifford Geertz, "Religious Change and Social Order in Soeharto's Indonesia", Asia 27(Autumn 1972):68-69.
131. See Martin Goldsmith, Islam and Christian Witness (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1982), 144-145.
132. Compare to Avery T. William Jr., Indonesia Revival: Why Two Million Came to Christ (California: William Carey Library, 1978), 102-104.
133. Clifford Geenz, "Religious Change and Social Order in Soeharto's Indonesia", 68.
134. See Brian May, The Indonesia Tragedy, 120.
135. John Roxborough, "Context and Continuity: Regional Patterns in the History of Southeast Asian Christianity", Asian Journal of Theology 9, no. 1(1995):41.
136. See also Wawer, Muslime, 221-222.
137. Nawaz B. Mody, Indonesia under Soeharto (New York: Apt Books, 1987), 151-153.
138. Boland, The Struggle of Islam, 99-105.
139. An extensive study is well done by Karl D. Jackson, Tradition Authority, Islam and Rebellion; A Study of Indonesia Political Behavior (California: University of California Press, 1980).
140. See also Boland, The Struggle of Islam, 54-62.
141. See Barbara S. Harvey, Permesta: A Half Rebellion (Ithaca: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, 1977).
142. Alan A. Samson, "Army and Islam in Indonesia", Asian Survey 4, no. 4(Winter 1971-1972):545-547.
143. See K. E. Ward, The Foundation of Partai Muslimin Indonesia (Ithaca: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, 1970).
144. Harold Crouch, "The Trend to Authoritarianism: The Post-1945 Period", in The Development of Indonesian Society From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day, ed. Harry Aveling (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980):166-204.
145. For a detailed and comprehensive analysis, see Susan Seldon Purdy, "Legitimization of Power and Authority in a Pluralistic State: Pancasila and Civil Religion in Indonesia" (Ph. D. dissertation Columbia University, 1985).
146. See also Eka Darmaputera, Pancasila and the Search for Identity and Modernity in Indonesian Society (Leiden: E.j. Brill, 1988).
147. R. William Liddle, "The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation", The Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 3(August 1996):621-622.
148. R. A. F. Paul Webb, "The View from Australia: Christian and Muslim in Contemporary Indonesia", Asia Journal of Theology 2, no. 2(1988):396-397.
149. Roxborough, "Context and Continuity", 41.
150. Alwi Shihab, "The Muhammadiyah Movement", 306-307.
151. Compare to Webb, "The View from Australia", 397.
152. Bambang Pranowo, "Islam and Party Politics in Rural Java", Studia Islamika 1, no. 2, (1994):3-19.
153. Boland, The Struggle of Islam, 228-229.
154. Kate Zebiri, Muslims and Christians Face to Face (London: OneWorld, 1997). 45-46.
155. See also Christine Schirrmacher, "Muslim Apologetics and The Agra Debates of 1854: A Nineteenth Century Turning Point", The Bulletin of The Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies 13, no. 1(1) (January-June 1994), 79;
156. and Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Encounters and Clashes: Islam and Christianity in History, vol. I (Rome: Pontificio Instituto di Studi Arabi e Lslamici, 1990), 207-208.
157. Indjil Barnabas (Bandung-Surabaya: Pelita-JAPI, 1970).
158. See K. H. Anwar Musaddad, Kedudukan Indjil Barnabas Mcnurut Islam (Bandung: Pelita, 1970).
159. Joesoef Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls: Pencmuan Terbesar Dalam Adah Kc-XX (Medan: Penerbit Intisari, 1967).
160. A. Powell Davies, The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scroll (New York: New American Library, 1956).
161. See Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 18.
162. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 7.
163. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 20-23; 30-34.
164. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 8; 24.
165. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 24.
166. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 15-16.
167. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 16.
168. See Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 58-68.
169. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 68-69.
170. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 6; 24.
171. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 15.
172. Sou'yb, Sekitar Dead Sea Scrolls, 47.
173. Djarnawi Hadikusuma, Di Sekitar Perjandjian Lama dan Perjandjian Baru (Jogjakarta: Penerbit Persatuan, n. d.).
174. Hadikusuma, Di Sekitar Perjandjian Lama, 6.
175. It is unclear whether this statement is his own or based on another source since the bibliography is absent from his book. In the text, be only mentioned one book: New Heaven and a New Eanh (New York: International Bible Student Association, n. d.).
176. Hadikusuma, Di Sekitar Perjandjian Lama, 11-12.
177. Hadikusuma, Di Sekitar Perjandjian Lama, 16-28.
178. Hadikusuma, Di Sekitar Perjandjian Lama, 48.
179. Hadikusuma, Di Sekitar Perjandjian Lama, 29.
180. Hadikusuma, Di Sekitar Perjandjian Lama, 29.
181. Sidi Gazalba, Dialog Anlara Propagandis Kristen dan Logika (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1971).
182. Sidi Gazalba, Dialog Antara Kristen Advent dan Islam (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1972).
183. Sidi Gazalba, Djawaban Atas Kritik Kristen Terhadap Islam (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang 1971).
184. See William Sims Bainbridge, The Sociology of Religious Movement (London: Routledge, 1997), 89-119.
185. Verkuyl, "Tentang Interpretasi Iman Kristen Kepada Orang-Orang Muslim", Bulletin Lembaga Pcnjelidikan Pekabaran Indjil, jubilee number (n. d.).
186. Gazalba, Dialog Antara Kristen Advent, 14.
187. Gazalba, Dialog Antara Kristen Advent, 40.
188. Gazalba, Dialog Antara Kristen Advent, 41;
189. Dialog Antara Propagandis Kristen, 60.
190. Gazalba, Dialog Antara Kristen Advent, 41.
191. See Hava Lazarus-Yafeh, Intertwined Worlds: Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1992), 20-21; 35-40.
192. Gazalba, Djawaban Atas Kritik, 44.
193. Gazalba, Dialog Antara Kristen Advent, 37.
194. See also his Djawaban Atas Kritik, 44-46.
195. Gazalba, Djawaban Atas Kritik, 20-21.
196. Gazalba, Dialog Antara Propagandis Kristen, 33; 38-47; 50-51.
197. Gazalba, Dialog Antara Propagandis Kristen, 68-69.
198. See, Endang Basri Ananda, ed., 70 Tabun Prof. Dr. H. M. Rasjidi (Jakarta: Harian Umum Pelita, 1985).
199. Mohammad Rasjidi, "Christian Mission in the Muslim World: The Role of Christian Missions The Indonesian Experience", International Review of Mission 65(1976), 430.
200. See Azyumardi Azra, "Guarding the Faith of the Ummah: The Religio-Intellectual Journey of Mohammad Rasjidi", Studia Islamika 1, No. 2(1994):108;
201. Rosihan Anwar, "Prof. Dr. H. M. Rasjidi Pengungkap Gamblang", in 70 Tabun Prof Dr. H. M. Rasjidi, 161.
202. Rasjidi, "Christian Mission in the Muslim World", 434-435.
203. On his views concerning religious freedom, see his Kebebasan Beragama (Jakarta; Fajar Shadiq, 1979).
204. Mohammad Rasjidi, "Unity and Diversity in Islam", in Islam: The Straight Path, ed. Kenneth W. Morgan (New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1958):427.
205. Mohammad Rasjidi, Dari Rasjidi dan Maududi Kepada Pans Paulas II (Surabaya: Penerbit Documenta, 1971).
206. Rasjidi, Dari Rasjidi, 20.
207. See also Walter M. Abbot S. J., ed., The Documents of Vatican II (New York: Guild Press, 1966), 600.
208. Rasjidi, Dan Rasjidi, 21
209. and Abbot, The Documents, 682.
210. Rasjidi, Kebebasan Bcragama, 17-18.
211. See also Rasjidi, Dari Rasjidi, 18
212. and Abbot, The Documents, 682.
213. Rasjidi, "Christian Mission in the Muslim World", 435.
214. Daniel J. Fleming, "A Code of Ethics", in Relations Among Religions Today (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1963).
215. See Anwar, "Prof. Dr. H. M. Rasjidi Pengungkap Gamblang Hubungan Antar Agama di Indonesia", 157-164.
216. Muhammad Rasjidi, Mengapa Aku Tetap Memeluk Agama Islam (Jakarta: Hudaya, 1968), 15;
217. "Christian Mission in the Muslim World", 429-430.
218. Compare to Azra, "Guarding the Faith of the Ummah", 106-109.
219. Rasjidi, Mengapa Aku Tetap, 15.
220. Rasjidi, "Christian Mission in the Muslim World", 430.
221. Rasjidi, "Christian Mission in the Muslim World", 431.
222. See, Deliar Noer, "Contemporary Political Dimensions of Islam", in Islam in South-East Asia, ed. M. B. Hooker (Leiden: E. J. Brill. 1983), 198.
223. Mohammad Rasjidi, Sikap Umat Islam Terhadap Ekspansi Kristen (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1975), 16.
224. Mohammad Rasjidi, Sidang Raya De-wan Gereja Sedunia di Jakarta 1975 Merupakan Tantangan Terhadap Dunia Islam (Jakarta: Dewan Da'wah Islamiyah Indonesia, 1974), 11-14.
225. Rasjidi, Sidang Raya Dewan Gereja, 11.
226. Rasjidi, Sikap Umat Islam, 17.
227. Anwar, "Prof. Dr. H. M. Rasjidi Pengungkap Gamblang", 161.
228. Wawer, Muslimc tind Christien, 265.
229. Mohammad Rasjidi, "Usaha Mengkristenkan Indonesia dan Dunia", Suara Muhammadiyah 1-2(January 1968):3-4
230. as quoted by Azra, "Guarding the Faith of the Ummah", 111.
231. Wilfred Cantwell Smith, The Faith of Other Men (New York: New American Library, 1963).
232. Mohammad Rasjidi, "Modernisme dan Toleransi", in Toleransi dan Kemerdekaan, 401-411.
233. See also his Kebebasan Beragama, 21-23.
234. Azra, "Guarding the Faith of the Ummah", 109.
235. See, Ihromi, "Hubungan Antaragama", in 70 Tahun Prof. Dr. H. M. Rasjidi, 167-171.
236. Azra, "Guarding the Faith of the Ummah", 109.