Body temperatures during three long-distance polar swims in water of 0-3 °C

Journal of Thermal Biology

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 23-31

  Noakes, T D ^a   Dugas, J P ^a   Dugas, L R ^a   Tucker, R ^a   Oksa, J ^b   Dunn, J ^c   van der Merwe, B S ^c   Dirker, J A ^c   Porvari, K ^d   Smolander, J ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b FINNISH INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH   (Finland)

^c Sygade Solutions Ltd   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^e ORTON ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL   (Finland)

Author keywords

Acclimation; Anticipatory thermogenesis; Cold; Hypothermia; Muscle temperature

Indexed keywords

EID: 58049195556     PISSN: 03064565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.09.005     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Acevedo E.O., Meyers M.C., et al. Applying physiological principles and assessment techniques to swimming the English Channel: a case study. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 37 1 (1997) 78-85
2. Astrup A., Bulow J., et al. Contribution of BAT and skeletal muscle to thermogenesis induced by ephedrine in man. Am. J. Physiol. 248 5(Part 1) (1985) E507-E515
3. Benson H., Malhotra M.S., et al. Three case reports of the metabolic and electroencephalographic changes during advanced Buddhist meditation techniques. Behav. Med. 16 2 (1990) 90-95
4. Eriksson B.M., and Persson B.-A. Determination of catecholamines in rat heart tissue and plasma samples by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J. Chromatogr. 228 (1982) 143-154
5. Glickman-Weiss E.L., Nelson A.G., et al. Effects of body morphology and mass on thermal responses to cold water: revisited. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 66 4 (1993) 299-303
6. Golden F.S., and Tipton M.J. Human adaptation to repeated cold immersions. J. Physiol. 396 (1988) 349-363
7. Hardy J.D., and Du Bois E.F. The technique of measuring radiation and convection. J. Nutr. 15 (1938) 461-475
8. Hayward M.G., and Keatinge W.R. Roles of subcutaneous fat and thermoregulatory reflexes in determining ability to stabilize body temperature in water. J. Physiol. 320 (1981) 229-251
9. Hong S.K. Heat exchange and basal metabolism of Ama. In: Rahn H., and Yokoyama T. (Eds). Physiology of Breath-Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan (1965), National Academy of Sciences National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA 303-314
10. Hong S.K., Lee C.K., et al. Peripheral blood flow and heat flux of Korean women divers. Fed. Proc. 28 3 (1969) 1143-1148
11. Huttunen P., Lando N.G., et al. Effects of long-distance swimming in cold water on temperature, blood pressure and stress hormones in winter swimmers. J. Thermal. Biol. 25 (2000) 171-174
12. Kang B.S., Song S.H., et al. Changes in body temperature and basal metabolic rate of the Ama. J. Appl. Physiol. 18 3 (1963) 483-488
13. Kang B.S., Han D.S., et al. Calorigenic action of norepinephrine in the Korean women divers. J. Appl. Physiol. 29 1 (1970) 6-9
14. Kang D.H., Kim P.K., et al. Energy metabolism and body temperature of the Ama. J. Appl. Physiol. 20 (1965) 46-50
15. Kang D.H., Park Y.S., et al. Energetics of wet-suit diving in Korean women breath-hold divers. J. Appl. Physiol. 54 6 (1983) 1702-1707
16. Keatinge W.R., Prys-Roberts C., et al. Sudden failure of swimming in cold water. Br. Med. J. 1 642 (1969) 480-483
17. Keatinge W.R., Khartchenko M., et al. Hypothermia during sports swimming in water below 11 °C. Br. J. Sports Med. 35 5 (2001) 352-353
18. Lesná I., Vybiral S., et al. Human nonshivering thermogenesis. J. Therm. Biol. 24 (1999) 63-69
19. Nuckton T.J., Claman D.M., et al. Hypothermia and afterdrop following open water swimming: the Alcatraz/San Francisco Swim Study. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 18 6 (2000) 703-707
20. Park Y.S., Rennie D.W., et al. Time course of deacclimatization to cold water immersion in Korean women divers. J. Appl. Physiol. 54 6 (1983) 1708-1716
21. Pugh L.G. Temperature regulation in swimmers. In: Rahn H., and Yokoyama T. (Eds). Physiology of Breath-Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan (1965), National Academy of Sciences National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA 325-348
22. Pugh L.G., and Edholm O.G. The physiology of channel swimmers. Lancet 269 6893 (1955) 761-768
23. Pugh L.G., Edholm O.G., et al. A physiological study of channel swimming. Clin. Sci. 19 (1960) 257-273
24. Ross W.D., and Marfell-Jones M.J. Kinanthropometry. In: MacDougall J.D., et al. (Ed). Physiological testing of the high-performance athlete (1991), Human Kinetics Books, Champaign, IL 223-308
25. Scott C.G., Ducharme M.B., et al. Warming by immersion or exercise affects initial cooling rate during subsequent cold water immersion. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 75 11 (2004) 956-963
26. Simonsen L., Bulow J., et al. Thermogenic response to epinephrine in the forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Am. J. Physiol. 263 5(Part 1) (1992) E850-E855
27. Sloan R.E., and Keatinge W.R. Cooling rates of young people swimming in cold water. J. Appl. Physiol. 35 3 (1973) 371-375
28. Taylor R.B., Reid R., et al. Assay procedures for the determination of biogenic amines and their metabolites in rat hypothalamus using ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 277 (1983) 101-114
29. Tipton M.J., Eglin C.M., et al. Habituation of the initial responses to cold water immersion in humans: a central or peripheral mechanism?. J. Physiol. 512 Part 2 (1998) 621-628
30. Tipton M.J., and Golden F.S.T.C. Immersion in cold water: effects on performance and safety. In: Harries M., et al. (Ed). Oxford Textbook of Sports Medicine (1998), Oxford University Press, Oxford 241-254
31. Tipton M.J., Mekjavic I.B., et al. Permanence of the habituation of the initial responses to cold-water immersion in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 83 1 (2000) 17-21
32. Toner M.M., Sawka M.N., et al. Effects of body mass and morphology on thermal responses in water. J. Appl. Physiol. 60 2 (1986) 521-525
33. Vybiral S., Lesna I., et al. Thermoregulation in winter swimmers and physiological significance of human catecholamine thermogenesis. Exp. Physiol. 85 3 (2000) 321-326
34. Wallingford R., Ducharme M.B., et al. Factors limiting cold-water swimming distance while wearing personal floatation devices. Eur. J Appl. Physiol. 82 1-2 (2000) 24-29