Plasma polymerization of acetylene onto silica: An approach to control the distribution of silica in single elastomers and immiscible blends

Polymers for Advanced Technologies

Volumn 19, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1672-1683

  Tiwari, M ^a   Noordermeer, J W M ^a   van Ooij, Wim J ^b   Dierkes, W K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

Plasma polymerization; Polyacetylene; Rubber blends; SBR EPDM; Silicas

Indexed keywords

ACETYLENE; AGGLOMERATION; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; ELASTOMERS; ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; FILLERS; GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHTING; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MONOMERS; OPTICAL SENSORS; ORGANIC POLYMERS; OXIDES; PLASMA POLYMERIZATION; PLASMAS; PLASTIC COATINGS; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; REINFORCEMENT; RUBBER; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY; SILANES; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; SURFACE TENSION;

BOUND RUBBERS; CARBON CONTENTS; COMPATIBILIZATION; CURE KINETICS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSES; ELONGATION AT BREAKS; ENERGY DISPERSIVE; FILLED ELASTOMERS; FILLER NETWORKINGS; FILM DEPOSITIONS; IMMISCIBLE BLENDS; MASS REGIONS; MODIFIED SILICAS; PAYNE EFFECTS; POLYMER INTERACTIONS; POLYMERIC FILMS; REINFORCING FILLERS; RUBBER BLENDS; SBR/EPDM; SECONDARY IONS; SILICA SURFACES; SINGLE POLYMERS; SPECIFIC SURFACES; SURFACE ENERGIES; SURFACE MODIFICATIONS; TIME OF FLIGHTS; VACUUM CONDITIONS; WATER PENETRATIONS; WEIGHT LOSSES;

SILICA;

BLEND; DISPERSION; ELASTOMER; FILM; MECHANICAL PROPERTY; POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; THERMOGRAVIMETRY;

EID: 58049128184     PISSN: 10427147     EISSN: 10991581     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pat.1187     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Datta S. Elastomer blends. In. Polymer Blends: Performance, Vol. 2, Paul DR, Bucknall CB (eds). Wiley-Interscience Publ.: New York, 2000; 477-509.
2. Eggers H, Schuemmer P. Reinforcment mechanisms in carbon black and silica loaded rubber melts at low stresses. Rubber Chen Technol. 1996; 69: 253-265.
3. Reuvekamp LAEM, ten Brinke JW, van Swaaij PJ, Noordermeer JWM. Effects of mixing conditions. Kautsch.Gummi Kunstst 2002, 55: 41-47.
4. Wolff S. Chemical aspects of rubber reinforcement by fillers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1996; 69: 325-346.
5. Reuvekamp LAEK ten Brinke JW, van Swaaij PJ, Noordermeer JWM. Effects of time and temperature on the reaction of TESPT silame coupling agent during mixing with silica filler and tire rubber. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2002; 75: 187-198.
6. Kralevich ML, Koenig JL. FTR analysis of silica-filled natural rubber. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1998; 7: 300-309.
7. Lee BL. Progress in multiphase rubber processing: controlled-ingredient-distribution mixing. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1985; 25: 729-740.
8. Jeon IH, Kim H, Kim SG. Characterization of rubber micromorphology by atomic force microscopy. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2003; 76: 1-11.
9. Wang MJ, Wolff S, Donnet JB. Filler-elastomer interactions. Part III. Carbon-black-surface energies and interactions with elastomer analogs. Rubber Chem Technol. 1991; 64: 714-736.
10. Wang MJ, Wolff S. Filler-elastomer interactions. Part I. silica surface energies and interactions with model compounds. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1991; 64: 559-576.
11. Wolff S, Wang MJ. Filler-elastomer interactions. Part IV. The effect of the surface energies of fillers on elastomer reinforcement. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1992; 65: 329-342.
12. Ou YC, Yu ZZ, Vidal A, Donnet JB. Effects of alkylation of silica filler on rubber reinforcement. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1994; 67: 834-844.
13. Murgic ZH, Jelcic Z, Kovacevic V, Misak MM, Jelencic J. Molecular and morphological characterization of immiscible SAN/EPDM blends filled by nano filler. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2002; 287: 684-692.
14. Inagaki N, Tasaka S, Abe H. Surface modification of polyethylene powder using plasma reactor with fluidized bed. J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 1992; 46: 595-601.
15. Sawada Y, Kogoma M. Plasma-polymerized tetrafluoroethylene coatings on silica particles by atmospheric-pressure glow discharge. Powder Technol. 1997; 90: 245-250.
16. Akovali G, Ulkem I. Some performance characteristics of plasma surface modified carbon black in the (SBR) matrix. Polymer 1999; 40: 7417-7422.
17. van Ooij WJ, Zhang N, Guo S. Surface modification of micron-sized powders by a plasma polymerization process. In Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Chemically Modified Surfaces, Blitz JP, Little CB (eds). Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, 1999; 191-211.
18. Chityala A, van Ooij WJ. Plasma deposition of polymer films on ma powders using vacuum fluidisation techniques. Surf. Eng. 2000; 16: 299-302.
19. 3 nanoparticles by a plasma treatment. App. Phys. Lett. 2001; 78: 1243-1245.
20. Mathew G, Huh MY, Rhee JM, Lee MH, Nah C. Improvement of properties of silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber composites through plasma surface modification of silica. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2004; 15: 400-408.
21. Dierkes WK, Noordermeer JWM. Modeling and practice of ethanol devolatilization of silica-silane rubber compounds in an internal mixer. Intern. Polymer Processing XXII 2007; 3: 259-265.
22. Wolff S. Optimization of silane-silica OTR compounds. Part 1: Variations of mixing temperature and time during the modification of silica with Bis-(3-Triethoxisilylpropyl)-Tetrasulphide. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1982; 55: 967-989.
23. ten Brinke JW, Debnath SC, Reuvekamp LAEM, Noordermeer JWM. Mechanistic aspects of the role of coupling agents in silica-rubber composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2003; 63: 1165-1174.
24. Leblanc JL, Hardy P. Evolution of bound rubber during the storage of uncured compounds. Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 1991; 44: 1119-1124.
25. Wolff S. Moeglichkeit einer neuen Charakterisierrung der Wirkungsweise von Russen in 1,5-Polyenen. Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 1970; 23: 7-14.
26. Mathew T, Datta RN, Dierkes WK, Noordermeer JWM, van Ooij WJ. A comparative investigation of surface modification of carbon black and silica by plasma polymerization. Paper No. 32 presented at a meeting of Rubber Division, ACS, Cleveland, October 16-18, 2007.
27. Payne AR. Dynamic properties of filler-loaded rubbers. In Reinforcement of Elastomers, Kraus G (ed.). Interscience publishers: New York, 1965; 69-124.
28. Gauthier C, Reynaud E, Vassoille R, Ladouce-Stelandre L. Analysis of the non-linear viscoelastic behaviour of silica filled styrene butadiene rubber. Polymer 2004; 45: 2761-2771.
29. Luginsland HD, Froelich J, Wehmeier A. Influence of different silanes on the reinforcement of silica-filled rubber compounds. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2002; 75: 563-579.
30. Woods ME, Davidson JA. Fundamental considerations for the covulcanization of elastomer blends. II. Lead oxide-activated cures of NBR-EPDM blends. Rubber Chem Technol. 1976; 49: 112-117.
31. Noordermeer JWM, Reuvekamp LAEM, Debowski M, van Swaaij PJ, Vancso GJ. Influence of silica filler distribution on properties of tire rubber treads, as related to silica characteristics and mixing conditions. Paper No. 44 presented at a meeting of Rubber Division, ACS, San Antanio, May 16-18, 2005.