Evaluation of two land surface schemes used in terrains of increasing aridity in west Africa

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 173-193

  Schuttemeyer D ^a,b   Moene, A F ^a   Holtslag, A A M ^a   de Bruin, H A R ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARIDITY; DATA SET; ERROR ANALYSIS; LAND SURFACE; LATENT HEAT FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTITIONING; SEMIARID REGION; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; SOIL MOISTURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE;

AFRICA; GHANA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 58049124498     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JHM797.1     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Agyare, W., 2004: Soil characterization and modeling of spatial distribution of saturated hydraulic conductivity at two sites in the Volta Basin of Ghana. Ecol. Dev. Ser., 17, 194.
2. Baldocchi, D., and Coauthors, 2001: FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2415-2434.
3. Beljaars, A. C. M., and A. A. M. Holtslag, 1991: Flux parameterization over land surfaces for atmospheric models. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 327-341.
4. Betts, A. K., F. Chen, K. E. Mitchell, and Z. I. Janji,́ 1997: Assessment of the land surface and boundary layer models in two operational versions of the NCEP Eta Model using FIFE data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2896-2916.
5. Birkes, D., and Y. Dodge, 1993: Alternative Methods of Regression. Wiley, 228 pp.
6. Boone, A., and Coauthors, 2004: The Rhône-Aggregation Land Surface Scheme Intercomparison Project: An overview. J. Climate, 17, 187-208.
7. Burpee, R. W., 1972: The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 77-90.
8. Chen, F., Z. Janjić, and K. Mitchell, 1997: Impact of atmospheric surface-layer parameterizations in the new land-surface scheme of the NCEP mesoscale Eta Model. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 85, 391-421.
9. De Bruin, H. A. R., W. Kohsiek, and B. J. M. Van den Hurk, 1993: A verification of some methods to determine the fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, and water vapour using standard deviation and structure parameter of scalar meteorological quantities. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 63, 231-257.
10. De Bruin, H. A. R., W. Kohsiek, and B. J. M. Van den Hurk, 1995: The scintillation method tested over a dry vineyard area. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 93, 453-468.
11. Ek, M. B., K. E. Mitchell, Y. Lin, P. Grunmann, E. Rogers, G. Gayno, J. D. Tarpley, and V. Koren, 2003: Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8851, doi:10.1029/2002JD003296.
12. Emmerich, W. E., 2003: Carbon dioxide fluxes in a semiarid environment with high carbonate soils. Agric. For. Meteor., 116, 91-102.
13. FAO, 1984: Countries North of the Equator. Vol. 1, Agroclimatological-Data for Africa, FAO Plant Production and Protection Series 22, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 36 pp.
14. Feddes, R. A., P. J. Kowalik, and H. Zaradny, 1978: Simulation of Field Water Use and Crop Yield. Simulation Monogr., No. 9, PUDOC, 189 pp.
15. Goutorbe, J. P., and Coauthors, 1994: HAPEX-Sahel: A large-scale study of land-atmosphere interactions in the semiarid tropics. Ann. Geophys., 12, 53-64.
16. Halldin, S., S.-E. Gryning, L. Gottschalk, A. Jochum, L.-C. Lundin, and A. A. Van de Griend, 1999: Energy, water and carbon exchange in a boreal forest landscape - NOPEX experiences. Agric. For. Meteor., 98-99, 5-29.
17. Harris, P. P., C. Huntingford, P. M. Cox, J. H. C. Gash, and Y. Malhi, 2003: Effect of soil moisture on canopy conductance of Amazonian rainforest. Agric. For. Meteor., 122, 215-227.
18. Henderson-Sellers, A., Z.-L. Yang, and R. E. Dickinson, 1993: The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1335-1349.
19. Henderson-Sellers, A., A. J. Pitman, P. K. Love, P. Irannejad, and T. H. Chen, 1995: The Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 and 3. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 489-503.
20. Heusinkveld, B. G., A. F. G. Jacobs, A. A. M. Holtslag, and S. M. Berkowicz, 2004: Surface energy balance closure in an arid region: Role of soil heat flux. Agric. For. Meteor., 122, 21-37.
21. Hogue, T. S., L. Bastidas, H. Gupta, S. Sorooshian, K. Mitchell, and W. Emmerich, 2005: Evaluation and transferability of the Noah land surface model in semiarid environments. J. Hydrometeor., 6, 68-84.
22. Holtslag, A. A. M., and M. Ek, 1996: Simulation of surface fluxes and boundary layer development over the pine forest in HAPEX-MOBILHY. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 202-213.
23. Huntingford, C., S. J. Allen, and R. J. Harding, 1995: An inter-comparison of single- and dual-source vegetation-atmosphere transfer models applied to transpiration from Sahelian savannah. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 74, 397-418.
24. Idso, S. B., and R. B. Jackson, 1969: Thermal radiation from the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5397-5403.
25. 2 enrichment on regional transpiration. Ph.D. thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, 179 pp.
26. Jacquemin, B., and J. Noilhan, 1990: Sensitivity study and validation of land-surface parameterization using the HAPEXMOBHILY data set. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 52, 93-134.
27. Jarvis, P., 1976: The interpretation of the variations in leafwater potentials and stomatal conductances found in canopies in the field. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 273B, 593-610.
28. Kasei, C. N., 1988: The physical environment of semiarid Ghana. Challenges in Dryland Agriculture - A Global Perspective: Proceedings of the International Conference on Dryland Farming, P. W. Unger et al., Eds., Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 350-354.
29. Kubota, A., and M. Sugita, 1994: Radiometrically determined skin temperature and scalar roughness to estimate surface heat flux. Part I: Parameterization of radiometric scalar roughness. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 69, 397-416.
30. Kurkowski, N. P., D. J. Stensrud, and M. E. Baldwin, 2003: Assessment of implementing satellite-derived land cover data in the Eta Model. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 404-416.
31. Mahrt, L., and M. Ek, 1984: The influence of atmospheric stability on potential evaporation. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 222-234.
32. Martano, P., 2000: Estimation of surface roughness length and displacement height from single-level sonic anemometer data. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 708-715.
33. Meijninger, W. M. L., A. E. Green, O. K. Hartogensis, W. Kohsiek, J. C. B. Hoedjes, R. M. Zuurbier, and H. A. R. De Bruin, 2002: Determination of area-averaged water vapour fluxes with large aperture and radio wave scintillometers over a heterogeneous surface - Flevoland field experiment. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 105, 63-83.
34. Moene, A. F., 2003: Effects of water vapour on the structure parameter of the refractive index for near-infrared radiation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 107, 635-653.
35. Monteith, J. L., and M. Unsworth, 1990: Principles of Environmental Physics. 2nd ed. Arnold, 291 pp.
36. Niyogi, D. S., Y. Xue, and S. Raman, 2002: Hydrological land surface response in a tropical regime and a midlatitudinal regime. J. Hydrometeor., 3, 39-56.
37. Noilhan, J., and S. Planton, 1989: A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 536-549.
38. Paulson, C., 1970: The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 857-861.
39. Pitman, A. J., and Coauthors, 1999: Key results and implications from phase 1(c) of the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parametrization Schemes. Climate Dyn., 15, 673-684.
40. Ronda, R. J., H. A. R. De Bruin, and A. A. M. Holtslag, 2001: Representation of the canopy conductance in modeling the surface energy budget for low vegetation. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1431-1444.
41. Schlosser, C., and Coauthors, 2000: Simulations of a boreal grassland hydrology at Valdai, Russia: PILPS phase 2(d). Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 301-321.
42. Schüemeyer, D., A. F. Moene, A. A. M. Holtslag, H. A. R. de Bruin, and N. van de Giesen, 2006: Surface fluxes and characteristics of drying semi-arid terrain in West Africa. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 118, 583-612.
43. Schüemeyer, D., C. Schillings, A. F. Moene, and H. A. R. de Bruin, 2007: Satellite-based actual evapotranspiration over drying semi-arid terrain in West Africa. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 97-111.
44. Stewart, J. B., 1988: Modelling surface conductance of pine forest. Agric. For. Meteor., 43, 19-35.
45. Unland, H. E., P. R. Houser, W. J. Shuttleworth, and Z.-L. Yang, 1996: Surface flux measurement and modeling at a semi-arid Sonoran desert site. Agric. For. Meteor., 82, 119-153.
46. Van de Giesen, N., H. Kunstmann, G. Jung, J. Liebe, M. Andreini, and P. L. G. Vlek, 2002: The GLOWA Volta project: Integrated assessment of feedback mechanisms between climate, land use, and hydrology. Adv. Global Change Res., 10, 151-170.
47. Van den Hurk, B. J. J. M., P. Viterbo, A. C. M. Beljaars, and A. K. Betts, 2000: Offline validation of the ERA40 surface scheme. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 295, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 42 pp.
48. Verhoef, A., 1995: Surface energy balance of shrub vegetation in the Sahel. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wageningen, 247 pp.
49. Verma, S., 1989: Aerodynamic resistances to transfers of heat, mass and momentum. Estimation of Areal Evapotranspiration, T. A. Black et al., Eds., IAHS Publication 177, 13-20.
50. Viterbo, P., and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1995: An improved land surface parameterization scheme in the ECMWF model and its validation. J. Climate, 8, 2716-2748.
51. Wallace, J. S., and Coauthors, 1992: SEBEX: The Sahelian Energy Balance Experiment. ODA Rep. 92/9, 51 pp.
52. Wang, Y.-P., and R. Leuning, 1998: A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy. I: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model. Agric. For. Meteor., 91, 89-111.
53. Wesely, M. L., 1976: The combined effect of temperature and humidity fluctuations on refractive index. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 43-49.
54. Wyngaard, J. C., 1973: On surface-layer turbulence. Workshop on Micrometeorology, D. A. Haugen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101-149.
55. Zeng, X., Y.-J. Dai, R. E. Dickinson, and M. Shaikh, 1998: The role of root distibution for climate simulation over land. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4533-4536.
56. a and leaf transpiration efficiency on the vapour pressure deficit. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 232, 561-568.
57. Zilitinkevich, S. S., 1995: Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion aspects of coherent structure of convective flows. Air Pollution III, H. Power, N. Moussiopoulos, and C. A. Brebbia, Eds., Vol. I, Air Pollution Theory and Simulation, Computational Mechanics Publications, 53-60.