Climatological Basin-scale Amazonian evaporation estimated through a water budget analysis

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1048-1060

  Karam, Hanan N ^a,b   Bras, Rafael L ^a  

^a Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVAPORATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PRECIPITABLE WATER; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; WATER BUDGET;

AMAZON BASIN; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 58049094760     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JHM888.1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Adler, R. F., G. J. Huffman, D. T. Bolvin, S. Curtis, and E. J. Nelkin, 2000: Tropical rainfall distributions determined using TRMM combined with other satellite and rain gauge information. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 2007-2023.
2. Araújo, A. C., and Coauthors, 2002: Comparative measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes from two nearby towers in a central Amazonian rainforest: The Manaus LBA site. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8090, doi:10.1029/2001JD000676.
3. Betts, A. K., J. H. Ball, M. Bosiovich, P. Viterbo, Y. Zhang, and W. B. Rossow, 2003a: Intercomparison of water and energy budgets for five Mississippi subbasins between ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-40) and NASA Data Assimilation Office fvGCM for 1990-1999. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8618, doi:10.1029/2002JD003127.
4. Betts, A. K., J. H. Ball, and P. Viterbo, 2003b: Evaluation of the ERA-40 surface water budget and surface temperature for the Mackenzie River basin. J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1194-1211.
5. Betts, A. K., J. H. Ball, P. Viterbo, A. G. Dai, and J. Marengo, 2005: Hydrometeorology of the Amazon. J. Hydrometeor., 6, 764-774.
6. Betts, A. K., M. Zhao, P. A. Dirmeyer, and A. C. M. Beljaars, 2006: Comparison of ERA40 and NCEP/DOE near-surface data sets with other ISLSCP-II data sets. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22S04, doi:10.1029/2006JD007174.
7. Callede, J., P. Kosuth, and E. de Oliveira. 2001: Establishment of the stage-discharge relationship of the River Amazon at Obidos: Normal difference in level method using variable geometry. Hydrol. Sci. J., 46, 451-463.
8. Callede, J., J. L. Guyot, J. Ronchail, M. Molinier, and E. De Oliveira, 2002: The River Amazon at Obidos (Brazil): Statistical studies of the discharges and water balance. Hydrol. Sci. J., 47, 321-333.
9. 2O flux at an eastern Amazonian rain forest. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8076, doi:10.1029/2000JD000284.
10. Costa, M. H., and J. A. Foley, 1997: Water balance of the Amazon Basin: Dependence on vegetation cover and canopy conductance. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D20), 23 973-23 989.
11. Costa, M. H., and J. A. Foley, 1998: A comparison of precipitation datasets for the Amazon basin. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 155-158.
12. Costa, M. H., and J. A. Foley, 1999: Trends in the hydrologic cycle of the Amazon basin. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14 189-14 198.
13. da Rocha, H., M. L. Goulden, S. D. Miller, M. C. Menton, L. D. V. O. Pinto, H. C. de Freitas, and A. M. E. Figueira, 2004: Seasonality of water and heat fluxes over a tropical forest in eastern Amazonia. Ecol. Appl., 14, S22-S32.
14. Fekete, B. M., C. J. Vörösmarty, and W. Grabs, 2002: High-resolution fields of global runoff combining observed river discharge and simulated water balances. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16, 1042, doi:10.1029/1999GB001254.
15. Huete, A. R., and Coauthors, 2006: Amazon rainforests green-up with sunlight in dry season. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06405, doi:10.1029/2005GL025583.
16. Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 1997: The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 5-20.
17. Hutyra, L. R., and Coauthors, 2007: Seasonal controls on the exchange of carbon and water in an Amazonian rain forest. J. Geophys. Res., 112, G03008, doi:10.1029/2006JG000365.
18. Juarez, R. I. N., M. G. Hodnett, R. Fu, M. L. Goulden, and C. von Randow, 2007: Control of dry season evapotranspiration over the Amazonian Forest as inferred from observations at a southern Amazon forest site. J. Climate, 20, 2827-2839.
19. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
20. Karam, H. N., and R. L. Bras, 2008: Estimates of net atmospheric moisture flux convergence over the Amazon basin: A comparison of reanalysis products. J. Hydrometeor., 9, 1035-1047.
21. Kummerow, C., and Coauthors, 2000: The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1965-1982.
22. Lee, J. E., R. S. Oliveira, T. E. Dawson, and I. Fung, 2005: Root functioning modifies seasonal climate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 17 576-17 581.
23. Li, W., and R. Fu, 2004: Transition of the large-scale atmospheric and land surface conditions from the dry to the wet season over Amazonia as diagnosed by the ECMWF Re-Analysis. J. Climate, 17, 2637-2651.
24. Malhi, Y., E. Pegoraro, A. D. Nobre, M. G. P. Pereira, J. Grace, A. D. Culf, and R. Clement, 2002: Energy and water dynamics of a central Amazonian rain forest. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8061, doi:10.1029/2001JD000623.
25. Marengo, J. A., 2005: Characteristics and spatio-temporal variability of the Amazon River Basin Water Budget. Climate Dyn., 24, 11-22.
26. Nepstad, D. C., and Coauthors, 1994: The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures. Nature, 372, 666-669.
27. Oliveira, R. S., T. E. Dawson, S. S. O. Burgess, and D. C. Nepstad, 2005: Hydraulic redistribution in three Amazonian trees. Oecologia, 145, 354-363.
28. Pan, H. L., and L. Mahrt, 1987: Interaction between soil hydrology and boundary-layer development. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 38, 185-202.
29. Ramillien, G., F. Frappart, A. Güntner, T. Ngo-Duc, A. Cazenave, and K. Laval, 2006: Time variations of the regional evapotranspiration rate from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry. Water Resour. Res., 42, W10403, doi:10.1029/ 2005WR004331.
30. Rao, V. B., I. F. A. Cavalcanti, and K. Hada, 1996: Annual variation of rainfall over Brazil and water vapor characteristics over South America. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26 539-26 552.
31. Roads, J., 2002: Closing the water cycle. GEWEX News, No. 12, International GEWEX Project Office, Silver Spring, MD, 1-8.
32. Roads, J., and Coauthors, 2003: GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS). J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8609, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002583.
33. Saleska, S. R., and Coauthors, 2003: Carbon in Amazon Forests: Unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses. Science, 302, 1554-1557.
34. Seneviratne, S. I., P. Viterbo, D. Lüthi, and C. Schär, 2004: Inferring changes in terrestrial water storage using ERA-40 Re-Analysis data: The Mississippi River basin. J. Climate, 17, 2039-2057.
35. Shuttleworth, W. J., 1988: Evaporation from Amazonian rainforest. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 233, 321-346.
36. Sombroek, W., 2001: Spatial and temporal patterns of Amazon rainfall. AMBIO J. Hum. Environ., 30 (7), 388-396.
37. Souza-Filho, J. D. C., A. Ribeiro, M. H. Costa, and J. C. P. Cohen, 2005: Control mechanisms of the seasonal variation of transpiration in a northeast Amazonian tropical rainforest (in Portuguese). Acta Amazonica, 35 (2), 223-229.
38. Trenberth, K. E., and C. J. Guillemot, 1998: Evaluation of the atmospheric moisture and hydrological cycle in the NCEP-NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dyn., 14, 213-231.
39. Trenberth, K. E., D. P. Stepaniak, J. W. Hurrell, and M. Fiorino, 2001: Quality of reanalyses in the Tropics. J. Climate, 14, 1499-1510.
40. Van den Hurk, B. J. J. M., P. Viterbo, A. C. M. Beljaars, and A. K. Betts, 2000: Offline validation of the ERA-40 surface scheme. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 295, 43 pp. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/ publications/library/ecpublications/_pdf/tm/001-300/tm295.pdf.]
41. Viterbo, P., and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1995: An improved land surface parameterization scheme in the ECMWF model and its validation. J. Climate, 8, 2716-2748.
42. von Randow, C., and Coauthors, 2004: Comparative measurements and seasonal variations in energy and carbon exchange over forest and pasture in South West Amazonia. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 5-26.
43. Vourlitis, G. L., N. Priante Filho, M. M. S. Hayashi, J. D. Nogueira, F. T. Caseiro, and J. H. Campelo Jr., 2002: Seasonal variations in the evapotranspiration of a transitional tropical forest of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Water Resour. Res., 38, 1094, doi:10.1029/ 2000WR000122.
44. Wahr, J., S. Swenson, and I. Velicogna, 2006: Accuracy of GRACE mass estimates. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06401, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL025305.
45. Werth, D., and R. Avissar, 2004: The regional evapotranspiration of the Amazon. J. Hydrometeor., 5, 100-109.
46. Zeng, N., 1999: Seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the Amazon hydrologic cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9097-9106.