Ever present, sometimes acknowledged, but never addressed: Racial disparities in U.S. Welfare policy

The Promise of Welfare Reform: Political Rhetoric and the Reality of Poverty in the Twenty-First Century

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 207-222

  Gooden, Susan T ^a   Douglas, Nakeina E ^b  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57849143625     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203820254     Document Type: Chapter

References (19)

1. Bell, Winifred. 1965. Aid to Dependent Children. New York: Columbia University Press.
2. Brown, Michael K. 1999. Race, Money, and the American Welfare State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
3. Cottingham, Phoebe H. and David T. Ellwood (eds.) 1989. Welfare Policies for the 1990s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4. Finance Project. 2003. TANF State Plan Summaries. Retrieved from .
5. Finegold, Kenneth and Sarah Staveteig. 2002. “Race, Ethnicity, and Welfare Reform.” In A. Weil & K. Finegold (eds.), Welfare Reform: The Next Act. Washington, DC: Urban Institute, pp. 203-223.
6. Gooden, Susan Tinsley. 1998. All Things Not Being Equal: Difference in Caseworker Support Toward Black and White Welfare Clients. Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy, 4: 23-33.
7. Gordon, Linda. 1994. Pitied But Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare, 1890-1935. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8. Green, Constance McLaughlin. 1967. The Secret City: A History of Race Relations in the Nation’s Capital. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
9. Liberman, Robert. 1998. Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10. Omi, Michael and Howard Winant. 1994. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge.
11. Orr, Larry L. 1976. “Income Transfers As Public Good: An Application to A.F.D.C.” American Economic Review 66: 359-371.
12. Quadagno, Jill. 1994. The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
13. Schram, Sanford F., Joe Soss, and Richard Fording (eds.). 2003. Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
14. Soss, Joe, Sanford Schram, Thomas Vartanina, and Erin O’Brien. 2001. “Setting the Terms of Relief: Explaining State Policy Choices in the Devolution Revolution.” American Journal of Political Science, 45(2): 378-395.
15. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2003. Food Stamp Program: State Options Report. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
16. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1996. Major Provisions of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-93). Washington, DC.
17. U.S. Department of Labor. 1933. Mother’s Aid, 1931. Children’s Bureau. Publication No. 220. Washington, DC: 13, 26-27.
18. U.S. General Accountability Office. 2001. Welfare Reform: More Research Needed on TANF Family Caps and Other Policies for Reducing Out-of-Wedlock Births. GAO-01-924, September 11.
19. Wright, Gerald C., Jr. 1976. “Racism and Welfare Policy in America.” Social Science Quarterly 57: 718-730.