Synchronization techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA): A tutorial review

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 95, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1394-1427

  Morelli, Michele ^a   Kuo, C C Jay ^b   Pun, Man On ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b University of Southern California ^*  (United States)

^c Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

Downlink synchronization; Dynamic subcarrier assignment; Frequency correction; Frequency estimation; Interblock interference (IBI); Interchannel interference (ICI); Interference cancellation; Wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs)

Indexed keywords

ERRORS; FREQUENCY ESTIMATION; IEEE STANDARDS; METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS; MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; NETWORK LAYERS; ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING; SYNCHRONIZATION;

DYNAMIC SUBCARRIER ASSIGNMENT; FREQUENCY CORRECTION; INTERBLOCK INTERFERENCE; INTERCHANNEL INTERFERENCE; INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION; WIRELESS METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS;

FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS;

EID: 57849141328     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2007.897979     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. S. B. Weinstein and P. M. Ebert, "Data transmission by frequency division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-19, no. 10, pp. 628-634, Oct. 1971.
2. J. A. C. Bingham, "Multicarrier modulation for data transmission: An idea whose time has come," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 28, pp. 5-14, May 1990.
3. L. J. Cimini, "Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-33, no. 7, pp. 665-675, Jul. 1985.
4. T. Keller and L. Hanzo, "Adaptive multicarrier modulation: A convenient framework for time-frequency processing in wireless communications," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 611-640, May 2000.
5. Radio Broadcasting Systems: Digital Audio Broadcasting to Mobile, Portable and Fixed Receivers, ETS 300 401, Eur. Telecommun. Standard, 1995, ETSI.
6. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T); Frame Structure, Channel Coding, Modulation for Digital Terrestrial Television, ETS 300 744, Eur. Telecommun. Standard, 1997, ETSI.
7. Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 5 GHz Band, IEEE802.11a, 1999.
8. H. Sari and G. Karam, "Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access and its application to CATV networks," Eur. Trans. Commun., vol. 45, pp. 507-516, Nov.-Dec. 1998.
9. Interaction Channel for Digital Terrestrial Television (RCT) Incorporating Multiple Access OFDM, ETSI DVB RCT, Mar. 2001.
10. Draft Amendment to IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems-Amendment 2: Medium Access Control Modifications and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 2-11 GHz, IEEE P802.16a/D3-2001, Mar. 2002.
11. T. Pollet, M. Van Bladel, and M. Moeneclaey, "BER sensitivity of OFDM to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise," IEEE Trans. Commun, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 191-193, Feb. 1995.
12. U. Mengali and A. N. D'Andrea, Synchronization Techniques for Digital Receivers. New York: Plenum, 1997.
13. H. Wang and B. Chen, "A comparison of the subcarrier allocation schemes for uplink OFDMA systems," in Proc. CISS'2004, Princeton, NJ, Mar. 2004.
14. M. Speth, S. Fechtel, G. Fock, and H. Meyr, "Optimum receiver design for wireless broadband systems using OFDM, Part I," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 1668-1677, Nov. 1999.
15. P. H. Moose, "A technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing frequency offset correction," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 2908-2914, Oct. 1994.
16. T. M. Schmidl and D. C. Cox, "Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1613-1621, Dec. 1997.
17. U. Lambrette, M. Speth, and H. Meyr, "OFDM burst frequency synchronization by single carrier training data," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 46-48, Mar. 1997.
18. F. Tufvesson, O. Edfors, and M. Faulkner, "Time and frequency synchronization for OFDM using PN-sequence preamble," in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Sep. 1999, vol. 4, pp. 2202-2207.
19. M. Morelli and U. Mengali, "An improved frequency offset estimator for OFDM applications," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 75-77, Mar. 1999.
20. B. Yang, K. B. Letaief, R. S. Cheng, and Z. Cao, "Timing recovery for OFDM transmission," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2278-2291, Nov. 2000.
21. H. K. Song, Y. H. You, J. H. Park, and Y. S. Cho, "Frequency-offset synchronization and channel estimation for OFDM-based transmission," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 95-97, Mar. 2000.
22. A. J. Coulson, "Maximum likelihood synchronization for OFDM using a pilot symbol: Algorithms," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2486-2494, Dec. 2001.
23. A. J. Coulson, "Maximum likelihood synchronization for OFDM using a pilot symbol: Analysis," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2495-2503, Dec. 2001.
24. T. Keller, L. Piazzo, P. Mandarini, and L. Hanzo, "Orthogonal frequency division multiplex synchronization techniques for frequency-selective fading channels," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 999-1008, Jun. 2001.
25. H. Minn, V. K. Bhargava, and K. B. Letaief, "A robust timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 822-839, Jul. 2003.
26. K. Shi and E. Serpedin, "Coarse frame and carrier synchronization of OFDM systems: A new metric and comparison," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1271-1284, Jul. 2004.
27. F. Classen and H. Meyr, "Frequency synchronization algorithms for OFDM systems suitable for communication over frequency selective fading channels," in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Aug. 1994, vol. 3, pp. 1655-1659.
28. F. Daffara and O. Adami, "A novel carrier recovery technique for orthogonal multicarrier systems," Eur. Trans. Telecommun., vol. 7, pp. 323-334, Jul./Aug. 1996.
29. J. J. van de Beek, M. Sandell, and P. O. Borjesson, "ML estimation of timing and frequency offset in OFDM systems," IEEE Trans. Signal Proc., vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 1800-1805, Jul. 1997.
30. N. Lashkarian and S. Kiaei, "Class of cyclic-based estimators for frequency-offset estimation of OFDM systems," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 2139-2149, Dec. 2000.
31. J. Lei and T. Ng, "A consistent OFDM carrier frequency offset estimator based on distinctively spaced pilot tones," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 588-599, Mar. 2004.
32. F. Daffara and A. Chouly, "Maximum likelihood frequency detectors for orthogonal multicarrier systems," in Proc. ICC'93, Jun. 1993, pp. 766-771.
33. M. Morelli, A. N. D'Andrea, and U. Mengali,"Feedback frequency synchronization for OFDM applications," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 28-30, Jan. 2001.
34. T. M. Schmidl and D. C. Cox, "Blind synchronization for OFDM," Elect. Lett., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 113-114, Feb. 1997.
35. H. Liu and U. Tureli, "A high-efficiency carrier estimator for OFDM communications," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 104-106, Apr. 1998.
36. U. Tureli, H. Liu, and M. D. Zoltowski, "OFDM blind carrier offset estimation: ESPRIT," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1459-1461, Sep. 2000.
37. G. Santella, "A frequency and symbol synchronization system for OFDM signals: Architecture and simulation results," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 254-275, Jan. 2000.
38. X. Ma, C. Tepedelenlioglu, G. B. Giannakis, and S. Barbarossa, "Non-data-aided carrier offset estimator for OFDM with null subcarriers," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2504-2515, Dec. 2001.
39. M. Ghogho, A. Swami, and G. B. Giannakis, "Optimized null-subcarrier selection for CFO estimation in OFDM over frequency selective fading channels," in Proc. IEEE Globecom 2001, Nov. 2001, vol. 48, pp. 202-206.
40. H. Bolcskei, "Blind estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset in wireless OFDM systems," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 988-999, Jun. 2001.
41. U. Tureli, D. Kivanc, and H. Liu, "Experimental and analytical studies on high-resolution OFDM carrier frequency offset estimator," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 50, pp. 629-643, Mar. 2001.
42. M. Ghogho and A. Swami, "Semi-blind frequency offset synchronization for OFDM," in Proc. ICASSP 2002, May 2002, vol. 3, pp. 2333-2336.
43. M. Ghogho and A. Swami, "Blind frequency-offset estimator for OFDM systems transmitting constant-modulus symbols," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 343-345, Aug. 2002.
44. F. Yang, K. H. Li, and K. C. Teh, "A carrier frequency offset estimator with minimum output variance for OFDM systems," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 677-679, Nov. 2004.
45. H. Nogami and T. Nagashima, "A frequency and timing period acquisition technique for OFDM systems," in Proc. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Sep. 1995, vol. 3, pp. 1010-1015.
46. D. C. Rife and R. R. Boorstyn, "Single-tone parameter estimation from discrete-time observations," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-20, pp. 591-598, Sep. 1974.
47. S. Barbarossa, M. Pompili, and G. B. Giannakis, "Channel-independent synchronization of orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 474-486, Feb. 2002.
48. J. J. van de Beek, P. O. Börjesson, M. L. Boucheret, D. Landström, J. M. Arenas, O. Ödling, C. Östberg, M. Wahlqvist, and S. K. Wilson, "A time and frequency synchronization scheme for multiuser OFDM," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1900-1914, Nov. 1999.
49. Z. Cao, U. Tureli, and Y. D. Yao, "Deterministic multiuser carrier-frequency offset estimation for interleaved OFDMA uplink," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1585-1594, Sep. 2004.
50. R. O. Schmidt, "Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation," in Proc. RADC Spectral Estimation Workshop, Mar. 1986, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 243-258.
51. J. Li, H. Kim, Y. Lee, and Y. Kim, "A novel broadband wireless OFDMA scheme for downlink in cellular communications," in Proc. IEEE WCNC 2003, Mar. 2003, pp. 1907-1911.
52. M. Morelli, "Timing and frequency synchronization for the uplink of an OFDMA system," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 296-306, Feb. 2004.
53. M. O. Pun, M. Morelli, and C.-C. J. Kuo, "Maximum-likelihood synchronization and channel estimation for OFDMA uplink transmissions," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 726-736, Apr. 2006.
54. M. O. Pun, M. Morelli, and C.-C. J. Kuo, "Iterative detection and frequency synchronization for OFDMA uplink transmissions," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 629-639, Feb. 2007.
55. J. A. Fessler and A. O. Hero,"Space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization algorithm," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 2664-2677, Oct. 1994.
56. A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin, "Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm," J. Royal Stat. Soc., vol. 39, pp. 1-38, 1977.
57. M. Morelli and U. Mengali, "Carrierfrequency estimation for transmissions over selective channels," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1580-1589, Sep. 2000.
58. J. Choi, C. Lee, H. W. Jung, and Y. H. Lee, "Carrier frequency offset compensation for Morelli et al.: Synchronization Techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 1426 Proceedings of the IEEE | Vol. 95, No. 7, July 2007 uplink of OFDM-FDMA systems," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 414-416, Dec. 2000.
59. S. Verdù, Multiuser Detection. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998.
60. D. Huang and K. B. Letaief, "An interferencecancellation scheme for carrier frequency offsets correction in OFDMA systems," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1155-1165, Jul. 2005.
61. A. M. Tonello, "Multiuser detection and turbo multiuser decoding for asynchronous multitone multiple access systems," in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Vancouver, BC, Canada, Sep. 2002, pp. 970-974.
62. Z. Cao, U. Tureli, Y. D. Yao, and P. Honan, "Frequency synchronization for generalized OFDMA uplink," in Proc. Globecom 2004, Dallas, TX, 2004, pp. 1071-1075.
63. A. Ghosh, D. R. Wolter, J. G. Andrews, and R. Chen, "Broadband wireless access with WiMax/802.16: Current performance benchmarks and future potential," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 43, pp. 129-136, Feb. 2005.
64. H. Yaghoobi, "Scalable OFDMA physical layer in IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN," Intel Technol. J., vol. 8, pp. 201-212, Aug. 2004.
65. Channel Models for Fixed Wireless Applications, IEEE 802.16.3c 01/29r4.
66. T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002.
67. D. Kivanc, G. Li, and H. Liu, "Computationally efficient bandwidth allocation and power control for OFDMA," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 2, pp. 1150-1158, Nov. 2003.