Treatment of atrial fibrillation

British Medical Bulletin

Volumn 88, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 75-94

  Bajpai, Abhay ^a   Savelieva, Irina ^a   Camm, A John ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atrial fibrillation; Rate control; Rhythm control

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMIODARONE; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CLOPIDOGREL; DIGOXIN; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DISOPYRAMIDE; ESMOLOL; FLECAINIDE; HEPARIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; IBUTILIDE; METOPROLOL; PLACEBO; PROCAINAMIDE; PROPAFENONE; PROPRANOLOL; SOTALOL; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALSARTAN; VERAPAMIL; WARFARIN;

ADD ON THERAPY; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; BLEEDING; BRADYCARDIA; CATHETER ABLATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FIBROSIS; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART DISEASE; HEART RATE; HEART RHYTHM; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; LIVER TOXICITY; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QRS COMPLEX; QT PROLONGATION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SIDE EFFECT; STROKE; SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; THROMBOEMBOLISM; THYROID DISEASE; TORSADE DES POINTES; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VISUAL DISORDER;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ANTICOAGULANTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; FEMALE; HEART ATRIA; HEART RATE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 57749175716     PISSN: 00071420     EISSN: 14718391     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldn046     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Cobbe S (ed). (1999) Atrial fibrillation in hospital and general practice: The Sir James Mackenzie consensus conference. Final consensus statement. Proc R Coll Physician Edin, 29 (Suppl 6), 2-3.
2. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP et al. (2004) Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 110,1042-1046.
3. Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A et al. (2006) Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J, 27, 949-953.
4. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA et al. (2001) Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA, 285, 2370-2375.
5. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ et al. (2006) Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence. Circulation, 114, 119-125.
6. Freestone B, Lip GY (2003) Ethnicity and arrhythmias. Card Electrophysiol Rev, 7, 92-95.
7. Borzecki AM, Bridgers DK, Liebschutz JM, Kader B, Kazis LE, Berlowitz DR (2008) Racial differences in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among males. J Natl Med Assoc, 100, 237-244.
8. Danias PG, Caulfield TA, Weigner MJ et al. (1998) Likelihood of spontaneous conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. J Am Coll Cardiol, 31, 588-592.
9. Savelieva I, Camm J (2008) Update on atrial fibrillation: Part I. Clin Cardiol, 31, 55-62.
10. Fox CS, Parise H, D'Agostino RB Sr et al. (2004) Parental atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in offspring. JAMA, 291, 2851-2855.
11. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Levy D (1998) Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 98, 946-952.
12. Gottdiener JS, Arnold AM, Aurigemma GP et al. (2000) Predictors of congestive heart failure in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 35, 1628-1637.
13. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB (1991) Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke, 22, 983-988.
14. Stewart S, Murphy N, Walker A, McGuire A, McMurray JJ (2004) Cost of an emerging epidemic: an economic analysis of atrial fibrillation in the UK. Heart, 90, 286-292.
15. Ringborg A, Nieuwlaat R, Lindgren P et al. (2008) Costs of atrial fibrillation in five European countries: results from the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Europace, 10, 403-411.
16. Casaclang-Verzosa G, Gersh B, Tsang TSM (2008) Structural and functional remodelling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 5, 1-11.
17. Waldo A, Feld GK (2008) Inter-relationships of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Mechanisms and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol, 51, 779-786.
18. Levy S, Camm AJ, Saksena S et al. (2003) International consensus on nomenclature and classification of atrial fibrillation. Europace, 5, 119-122.
19. (2007) HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed and approved by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Europace, 9, 335-379.
20. Van Gelder IC, Wyse DG, Chandler ML et al. (2006) Does intensity of rate-control influence outcome in atrial fibrillation? An analysis of pooled data from the RACE and AFFIRM studies. Europace, 8, 935-942.
21. (2006) ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary. Circulation, 114, 700-752.
22. Martinez-Marcos FJ, Garcia-Garmendia JL, Ortega-Carpio A et al. (2000) Comparison of intravenous flecainide, propafenone and amiodarone for conversion of acute atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol, 86, 950-953.
23. Hongo RH, Themistoclakis S, Raviele A et al. (2004) Use of ibutilide in cardioversion of patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in patients treated with class IC agents. J Am Coll Cardiol, 44, 864-868.
24. Singh BN, Singh SN, Reda DJ et al. (2005) Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 352, 861-872.
25. Kochiadakis GE, Marketou ME, Igomenidis NE et al. (2000) Amiodarone, sotalol or propafenone in atrial fibrillation: which is preferred to maintain normal sinus rhythm? PACE, 23, 1883-1887.
26. Gronefeld GC, Hohnloser SH (2003) Beta-blocker therapy in atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 26, 1607-12.
27. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (2006) Atrial Fibrillation: National Clinical Guideline for Management in Primary and Secondary Care. London: Royal College of Physicians.
28. Savelieva I, Camm J (2007) Is there any hope for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in atrial fibrillation? Am Heart J, 154, 403-406.
29. Fauchier L, Pierre B, de Labriolle A et al. (2008) Antiarrhythmic effects of statin therapy and atrial fibrillation. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol, 51, 828-835.
30. Healey JS, Baranchuk A, Crystal E et al. (2005) Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 1832-1839.
31. Ducharme A, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA et al. (2006) CHARM Investigators. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J, 152, 86-92.
32. Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP et al. (2002) Atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of rhythm management (AFFIRM) investigators. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 347, 1825-1833.
33. Hagens VE, Ranchor AV, Van Sonderen E et al. RACE study group (2004) Effect of rate or rhythm control on quality of life in persistent atrial fibrillation. Results from the Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion (RACE) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 43, 241-247.
34. Gronefeld GC, Lilienthal J, Kuck KH et al. Pharmacological- Intervention-in-Atrial-Fibrillation (2003) Impact of rate versus rhythm control on quality of life in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Results from a prospective randomised study (PIAF). Eur Heart J, 24, 1430-1436.
35. Carlsson J, Miketic S, Windeler J et al. STAF Investigators. (2003) Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation: the Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 41, 1690-1696.
36. Opolski G, Torbicki A, Kosior D et al. (2004) Rhythm control versus rate control in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFÉ) study. Chest, 126, 478-486.
37. Testa L, Biondi-Zoccai GG, Dello Russo A et al. (2005) Rate-control vs rhythm-control in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J, 26, 2000-2006.
38. Corley SD, Epstein AE, DiMarco JP et al. AFFIRM Investigators (2004) Relationship between sinus rhythm, treatment and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Sinus Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Circulation, 109, 1509-1513.
39. Singh SN, Tang XC, Singh BN et al. For the SAFE-T Investigators. (2006) Quality of life and exercise performance in patients in sinus rhythm versus persistant atrial fibrillation. A veterans affairs cooperative studies programme substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 48, 721-730.
40. Chung MK, Shernanski L, Sherman DG et al. AFFIRM Investigators. (2005) Functional status in rate versus rhythm control strategies for atrial fibrillation: results of the AFFIRM functional status substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 46, 1891-1899.
41. Okcun B, Yigit Z, Arat A, Kucukoglu SM (2004) Comparison of rate and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation and non-ischaemic heart failure. Jap Heart J, 45, 591-601.
42. Roy D, Talajic M, Nattel S et al., on behalf of the Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure (AF-CHF) Investigators (2008) Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control for Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure. N Engl J Med, 358, 2667-2677.
43. Nerheim P, Birger-Botkin S, Piracha L, Olshansky B (2004) Heart failure and sudden death in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy and recurrent tachycardia. Circulation, 110, 247-252.
44. Brophy MT, Snyder KE, Gaehde S et al. (2004) Anticoagulant use for atrial fibrillation in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc, 52, 1151-1156.
45. Lau E, Bungard TJ, Tsuyuki RT (2004) Stroke prophylaxis in institutionalised elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Geriatr Soc, 52, 428-433.
46. Singer DE, Albers GW, Dalen JE et al. College of Chest Physicians (2008) Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest, 133 (6 Suppl): 546S-592S.
47. Rockson SG, Albers GW (2004) Comparing guidelines: anticoagulation therapy to optimize stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 43, 929-935.
48. Gage BF, van Walraven C, Pearce L et al. (2004) Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin. Circulation, 110, 2287-2292.
49. Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Working Group (2008) Comparison of 12 risk stratification schemes to predict stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke, 39, 1901-1910.
50. Lubitz SA, Fischer A, Fuster V (2008) Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. BMJ, 336, 819-826.
51. Haissaguere M, Pierre J, Shah DC et al. (1998) Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med, 339, 659-666.
52. Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E et al. (2004) A new approach for catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: mapping of electrophysiological substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol, 43, 2044-2053.
53. Savelieva I, Camm AJ (2008) Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation: current anti-arrhythmic drugs, investigational agents and innovative approaches. Europace, 10, 647-665.
54. Turpie AGG (2007) New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J, 29, 155-165.
55. Savelieva I, Bajpai A, Camm AJ (2007) Stroke in atrial fibrillation: update on pathophysiology, new antithrombotic therapies, and evolution of procedures and devices. Ann Med, 39, 371-391.