Evidence for anatolian glassworking in antiquity: The case of sagalassos (Southwestern Turkey)

Journal of Glass Studies

Volumn 49, Issue , 2007, Pages

  Lauwers, Veerle ^a   Degryse, Patrick ^a   Waelkens, Marc ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57749156279     PISSN: 00754250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. As Axel von Saldern noted (in Antikes Glas, Handbuch der Archäologie, Munich: C. H. Beck, 2004, p. 549), "Die Türkei gehört mit Griechenland zu den Regionen, die erst kürzlich als 'Glaslandschaften' in Erscheinung getreten sind."
2. Christopher S. Lightfoot and Melih Arslan (in Ancient Glass of Asia Minor: The Yüksel Erimtan Collection, Ankara: [s.n.], 1992, p. 20) add: "In comparison with other parts of the ancient world, the glass industry in Asia Minor has been sadly neglected. As yet only isolated episodes in its history can be glimpsed at from the archaeological record. The evidence, however, is gradually beginning to accumulate, revealing a fascinating and worthwhile story."
3. For example, glass is absent in the description of small finds at the so-called Hanghauser of Ephesos: C. Lang-Auinger, ed., Hanghaus 1, Ephesos, Funde und Ausstattung, Forschungen in Ephesos, v. 8, no. 4, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der "Wissenschaften, 2003
4. MariaDekówna, "Essaideclassificationet d'interpré tation des vestiges de la production du verre provenant des sites arché ologiques antiques et du haut Moyen Age, " Annales de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre, v. 10, Madrid and Segovia, 1985 (Amsterdam, 1987), p. 210
5. Axel von Saldern, Ancient and Byzantine Glass from Sardis, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Monographs, no. 6, ed. G. M. A. Hanfmann and J. A. Scott, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1980, p. 37
6. Fritz Krinzinger, "Ephesos 2000, " in 23. Kazi Sonuçlari Toplantist, cilt 2, Ankara: Dösimm Basimevi, 2001, p. 129
7. Barbara Czurda-Ruth, "Glas aus Ephesos: Hanghaus 1 und eine Werkstätte des 6. Jahrhunderts n.Chr. auf der Agora, " Annales de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre, v. 16, London, 2003 (Nottingham, 2005), pp. 158-159
8. Roland R. R. Smith and Christopher Ratté, "Archaeological Research at Aphrodisias in Caria, 1996, " American Journal of Archaeology, v. 102, 1998, p. 238
9. Robert H. Brill, "The Scientific Investigation of Ancient Glasses, " Proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress on Glass, London, Sheffield: The Society of Glass Technology, 1968, p. 51
10. James Russel, "Anamur, " in Christopher S. Lightfoot, ed., "Recent Archaeological Research in Turkey, " Anatolian Studies, v. 22, 1972, pp. 34-35
11. E. Marianne Stern, "Antikes Glas in der Südtürkei, " Glastechnische Berichte, v. 57, no. 5, 1984, p. 138
12. E. Marianne Stern, "Ancient and Medieval Glass from the Necropolis Church at Anemurium, " Annales de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre, v. 9, Nancy, 1983 (Liège, 1985), p. 44
13. E. Marianne Stern, "The Production of Glass Vessels in Roman Cilicia, " in Glass der Caesaren. Römisches Glas der archäologische Befund. Berichte auf den Glassymposium in Köln 9-10 Juni 1988, Kölner Jahrbuch für Frühgeschichte, v. 22, 1989, p. 122, n. 10
14. citing J. Keil and A. Wilhelm, Denkmäler aus dem Rauben Kilikien, Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antique, v. 3, Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1931, nos. 10 (Silifke), 549B, 591, and 598B (Korykos)
15. Cécile Morrisson and Jean-Pierre Sodini, "The Sixth-Century Economy, " in The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, ed. A. E. Laiou, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, v. 39, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002, p. 204, n. 205
16. George M. A. Hanfmann, "A Preliminary Note on the Glass Found at Sardis in 1958, " Journal of Glass Studies, v. 1, 1959, p. 51
17. Axel von Saldern, "Glass from Sardis, " American Journal of Archaeology, v. 66, no. 1, 1962, p. 5
18. John Stephens Crawford, The Byzantine Shops at Sardis, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Monographs, no. 9, ed. G. M. A. Hanfmann and J. A. Scott, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1990, pp. 78-86
19. Anthea Harris, "Shops, Retailing and the Local Economy in the Early Byzantine World, " in Secular Buildings and the Archaeology of Every Day Life in the Byzantine Empire, ed. K. Dark, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2004, pp. 103-104
20. E. Marianne Stern, "Roman Glassblowing in a Cultural Context, " American Journal of Archaeology, v. 103, no. 3, July 1999, p. 472
21. According to the Diocletian price edict, the prices for window glass were much lower than for Alexandrian or Judae-an glass (Kerim T. Erim and Joyce Reynolds, "The Aphrodisias Copy of Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices, " Journal of Roman Studies, v. 63, 1973, lines 35-41)
22. This makes Caroline M. Jackson, H. E. M. Cool, and Emma C. W. Wager ("The Manufacture of Glass in Roman York, " Journal of Glass Studies, v. 40, 1998, p. 61) believe that window glass was a lower-quality glass
23. Önder Küçükerman, A 500 Years' Heritage in Istanbul: The Turkish Glass Industry and Sişecam, [Istanbul]: Türkiye Şişeve Cam Fabrikalari A. Ş., [1999], p. 33
24. Robert H. Brill and Nicholas D. Cahill, "A Red Opaque Glass from Sardis and Some Thoughts on Red Opaques in General, " Journal of Glass Studies, v. 30, 1988, pp. 16-27
25. D. Barag, Catalogue of Western Asiatic Glass in The British Museum, v. 1, London: British Museum Publications Ltd. in association with Magnes Press, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1985, pp. 107, 111, 112, and 120
26. For further information on these tablets and the Hittite vocabulary on glass and its ingredients, see H. G. Güterbock and H. A. Hoffner, The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, v. L-N, Chicago: University of Chicago, Oriental Institute, 1989, p. 84
27. Bernhard Rozen-kranz, "Ein hethitischer Wirtschaftstext, " Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, v. 57 (new ser. 23), 1965, pp. 237-248
28. and V. Soucek and J. Siegelovà, Systematische Bibliographie der Hethitologie, 1915-1995, v. 3, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Prague: Národni Muzeum, 1996, p. 352
29. citing Şeniz Atik, "Iç kalip tekniǧi ile yapilmiş, anadolu kaynakh cam kaplar, " in I.Uluslararasi Anadolu cam sanati seloizyumu, Istanbul: Türkiye Şiş, eve Cam Fabrikalari A. Ş., 1990, pp. 17-29
30. J. W. Hayes, Saraçhane in Istanbul, v. 2, The Pottery, Princeton and Washington, D.C.: Princeton University Press, 1998, p. 400
31. idem, "Glass Vessels Exhibited in the Böige Museum-Ad-ana, " Belleten, v. 53, nos. 207-208, 1989, p. 593
32. Christopher S. Lightfoot, "Some Types of Roman Cut-Glass Vessels Found in Turkey, " in I. Uluslararasi Anadolu [note 34], pp. 8-12
33. Christopher S. Lightfoot, "A Group of Roman Perfume Bottles from Asia Minor, " Erol Atalay Memorial, Ege, Arkeoloji Dergisi, v. 1, Izmir: Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 1991, pp. 107-108
34. C. S. Lightfoot, A Catalogue of Glass Vessels in Afyon Museum = Afyon Müzesindeki cam eserler kataloǧu, British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, no. 10, and British Archaeological Reports (International Series), no. 530, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1989, p. 15
35. N. P. Sorokina, "Die kleinasiatische Gruppe von Gläsern des 1.-2. Jh. n.Chr., " Annales de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre, v. 11, Bâle, 1988 (Amsterdam, 1990), pp. 55-60
36. Karol B. Wight, "Mythological Beakers: A Re-examination, " Journal of Glass Studies, v. 36, 1994, p. 27
37. Margaret A. V. Gill, Amorium Reports: Finds, v. 1, The Glass (1987-1997), British Archaeological Reports (International Series), no. 1, 070, Amorium Monograph Series, no. 1, Oxford: Archaeopress, 2002, p. 105
38. Aynur Özet, Sparkles from the Deep: Glass Vessels of the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, Istanbul: Bericap, 2000, p. 13
39. D. Levi, Iassos Kazilari, Ankara: Çev. N. Aladaǧ, 1986, pp. 87-93
40. ieme rencontres de l'Association Française pour l'Archéologie du Verre (14-16 octobre, Gaillac et Montans), ed. H. Cabart, 2005, pp. 26-29
41. Ian C. Freestone, "Appendix: Chemical Analysis of 'Raw' Fragments, " in Excavations at Carthage: The British Mission, v. 2, The Circular Harbour, North Side: The Site and the Finds Other than Pottery, ed. H. R. I. Hurst, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1994, p. 290
42. Ian C. Freestone, M. Ponting, and M.J. Hughes, "The Origins of Byzantine Glass from Maroni Petrera, Cyprus, " Archaeometry, v. 44, no. 2, May 2002, p. 265
43. Danièle Foy and others, "Caractérisation des verres de la fin de l'Antiquité en Méditerranée occidentale: L'Emergence de nouveaux courant commerciaux, " in Echanges et commerce du verre dans le monde antique, ed. Danièle Foy and Marie-Dominique Nenna, Montagnac: Editions Monique Mergoil, 2003, pp. 47-18
44. Marie-Dominique Nenna, "Les Ateliers égyptiens à l'époque gréco-romaine, " in Coeur de verre: Production et diffusion du verre antique, ed. Danièle Foy, Aix-en-Provence: Gollion, 2003, p. 33
45. Ian C. Freestone, Sophie Wolf, and Matthew Thirlwall, "The Production of HIMT Glass: Elemental and Isotopic Evidence, " Annales de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre, v. 16, London, 2003 (Nottingham, 2005), pp. 153-157
46. W. Van Neer and others, "Remains of the Local and Imported Fish at the Ancient Site of Sagalassos (Burdur prov. Turkey), " in Sagalassos, v. 5, Report on the Survey and Excavation Campaigns of 1994 and 1995, Acta Archaeological Lovaniensia Monographiae, no. 9, ed. M. Waelkens and J. Poblome, Leuven: Catholic University of Leuven Press, 1997, pp. 583-584
47. Jeroen Poblome and Marc Waelkens, "Sagalassos and Alexandria: Exchange in the Eastern Mediterranean, " in Les Céramiques en Anatolie aux époques hellénistique et romaine. Actes de la Table Ronde d'Istanbul (23-24 mai 1996), ed. C. Abadie-Reynal, Paris: De Boccard, 2003, p. 184
48. Patrick Degryse and others, "A Geochemical Study of Roman to Early Byzantine Glass from Sagalassos, South-West Turkey, " Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 32, 2005, pp. 287-299
49. idem, "Analytical Evidence for Glass 'Recycling' Using Pb and Sr Isotopic Ratios and Sr-Mixing Lines: The Case of Early Byzantine Sagalassos, " Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 33, 2006, pp. 494-501
50. Degryse and others, "Analytical Evidence" [note 51)
51. Degryse and others, "A Geochemical Study" [note 51], p. 289
52. Veerle Lauwers, Patrick Degryse, and Marc Waelkens, "A Ceramic Tool for the Glass Blower, " in preparation
53. E. Marianne Stern, Roman, Byzantine, and Early Medieval Glass, 10 BCE-700 CE: Ernesto Wolf Collection, Ostfil-dern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz Publishers, 2001, p. 20
54. er siècle après J.C., Cahiers d'Archéologie Romande, no. 87, Aventicum, no. 11, Lausanne: Cahiers d'Archéologie Romande, 2001, pp. 35-37