Effects of shaded versus unshaded wallows on behavior, performance, and physiology of the outdoor lactating sow

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 86, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 3628-3634

  Johnson, A K ^a   Mitloehner, F M ^b   Morrow, J L ^c   McGlone, J J ^c  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavior; Heat stress; Performance; Physiology; Sow

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL HOUSING; ARTICLE; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; LACTATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SWINE; TEMPERATURE; TIME; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; FEMALE; HOUSING, ANIMAL; LACTATION; LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS; SWINE; TEMPERATURE; TIME FACTORS; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 57749119368     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1064     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Blackshaw, J. K., F. J. Thomas, and A. W. Blackshaw. 1994. Shade-seeking and lying behaviour in pigs of mixed sex and age, with access to outside pens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 39:249-257.
2. Bull, R. P., P. C. Harrison, G. L. Riskowski, and H. W. Gonyou. 1997. Preference among cooling systems by gilts under heat stress. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2078-2083.
3. Curtis, S. E. 1985. Physiological responses and adaptations of swine. Pages 59-67 in Stress Physiology in Livestock. Vol. 2. M. K. Yousef, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
4. Dyck, G. W., and E. E. Swierstra. 1987. Causes of piglet death from birth to weaning. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 67:543-547.
5. Edwards, R. L., I. T. Omtvedt, E. J. Turman, D. F. Stephens, and G. W. Mahoney. 1968. Reproductive performance of gilts following heat stress prior to breeding and in early gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 27:1634-1637.
6. Edwards, S. A., W. J. Smith, C. Fordyce, and F. Macmenemy. 1994. An analysis of the causes of piglet mortality in a breeding herd kept outdoors. Vet. Rec. 135:324-327.
7. English, P. R., and V. Morrison. 1984. A review of survival problems of the neonatal pig. Proc. Pig. Vet. Soc. 11:39-55.
8. FASS. 1999. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. 1st rev. ed. Fed. Anim. Sci. Soc., Savoy, IL.
9. Garrett, W. N., T. E. Bond, and C. F. Kelly. 1966. Environmental comparisons of swine performance as affected by shades and unshaded wallows. J. Anim. Sci. 19:921-925.
10. Gill, J. C., and W. Thomson. 1956. Observations on the behaviour of suckling pigs. Anim. Behav. 4:46-51.
11. Hansen, L. L., and K. Vestergaard. 1984. Tethered versus loose sows: Ethological observations and measures of productivity: II. Production results. Ann. Rech. Vet. 15:185-191.
12. Heitman, H., T. E. Bond, C. F. Kelly, and L. Hahn. 1959. Effects of modified summer environment on swine performance. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1367-1372.
13. Hicks, T. A., J. J. McGlone, C. S. Whisnant, H. G. Kattesh, and R. L. Norman. 1998. Behavioral, endocrine, immune and performance measures for pigs exposed to acute stress. J. Anim. Sci. 76:474-493.
14. Higgins, M., and S. A. Edwards. 1997. The effects on welfare and production of using individual or group paddocks for farrowing sows and litters in an outdoor system. Livest. Farm. Syst. 89:273-276.
15. Hulbert, L. E., and J. J. McGlone. 2006. Evaluation of drop versus trickle-feeding systems for crated or group penned gestating sows. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1004-1014.
16. Ingram, D. L. 1976. Evaporative temperature regulation in pigs. Pages 148-157 in Progress in Biometeorology: The Effect of Weather and Climate on Animals. S. W. Tromp and J. J. Bouma, ed. Swets and Zeilinger, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
17. Jensen, P. 1988. Maternal behaviour and mother-young interactions during lactation in free-ranging domestic pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 20:297-308.
18. Johnson, A. K., and J. J. McGlone. 2003. Fender design and insulation of farrowing huts: Effects on performance of outdoor sows and piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 81:955-964.
19. Johnson, A. K., and J. J. McGlone. 2008. Validation of scan sampling techniques for lactating sows kept outdoors. J. Anim. Sci. 86(E Suppl. 3):4. (Abstr.)
20. Johnson, A. K., J. L. Morrow-Tesch, and J. J. McGlone. 2001. Behavior and performance of lactating sows and piglets reread indoors and outdoors. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2571-2579.
21. Kelley, K. W., and S. E. Curtis. 1978. Effects of heat stress on rectal temperature, respiratory rate and activity rates in peripartal sows and gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 46:356-361.
22. King, G. J., R. A. Willougby, and R. R. Hacker. 1972. Fluctuations in rectal temperature of swine at parturition. Can. Vet. J. 13:72-74.
23. Marchant, J. N., A. R. Rudd, M. T. Mendl, D. M. Broom, M. J. Meredith, S. Corning, and P. H. Simmins. 2000. Timing and causes of piglet mortality in alternative and conventional farrowing systems. Vet. Rec. 147:209-214.
24. McGlone, J. J., and S. D. Fullwood. 2001. Behavior, reproduction and immunity of crated pregnant gilts: Effects of high energy dietary fiber and rearing environment. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1466-1474.
25. McGlone, J. J., and T. A. Hicks. 2000. Farrowing hut design and sow genotype (Camborough-15 vs. 25% Meishan) effects on outdoor sow and litter productivity. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2-4.
26. McGlone, J. J., and J. Morrow-Tesch. 1990. Productivity and behavior of sows in level vs. sloped farrowing pens and crates. J. Anim. Sci. 68:82-87.
27. McGlone, J. J., J. L. Salak-Johnson, E. A. Lumpkin, R. I. Nicholson, M. Gibson, and R. L. Norman. 1993. Shipping stress and social status effects on pig performance, plasma cortisol, natural killer cell activity, and leukocyte numbers. J. Anim. Sci. 71:888-896.
28. McGlone, J. J., W. F. Stansbury, L. F. Tribble, and J. L. Morrow. 1988. Photoperiod and heat stress influence on lactating sow performance and photoperiod effects on nursery pig performance. J. Anim. Sci. 66:1915-1919.
29. Morrow-Tesch, J. L., J. J. McGlone, and J. L. Salak-Johnson. 1994. Heat and social stress effects on pig immune measures. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2599-2609.
30. National Animal Health Monitoring System. 2000. Part I. Reference of Swine Health and Management in the United States. Natl. Anim. Health Monitoring System, Fort Collins, CO.
31. NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
32. Newberry, R. C., and D. G. M. Wood-Gush. 1985. The suckling behaviour of domestic pigs in a semi-natural environment. Behavior 95:11-25.
33. Nichols, D. A., J. P. Murphy, D. S. Pollmann, and D. R. Ames. 1982. Value of sprinklers to reduce heat stress of lactating sows. Kansas State University Report of Progress. Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn., Kansas State College Agric. Appl. Sci. 422:44-45.
34. Omtvedt, I. T., R. E. Nelson, R. L. Edwards, D. F. Stephens, and E. J. Turman. 1971. Influence of heat stress during early, mid and late pregnancy of gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 32:312-317.
35. Prunier, A., J. Y. Dourmad, and M. Etienne. 1994. Effect of light regimen under various ambient temperatures on sow and litter performance. J. Anim. Sci. 72:1461-1466.
36. Randall, G. C. B. 1972. Observations on parturition in the sow. II. Factors influencing stillbirth and perinatal mortality. Vet. Rec. 90:183-186.
37. Salak-Johnson, J. L., J. J. McGlone, and R. L. Norman. 1996. In vivo glucocorticoid effects on porcine natural killer cell activity and circulating leukocytes. J. Anim. Sci. 74:584-592.
38. Tuchscherer, M., B. Puppe, A. Tuchscherer, and U. Tiemann. 2000. Early identification of neonates at risk: Traits of newborn piglets with respect to survival. Theriogenology 54:371-388.
39. Weary, D. M., E. A. Pajor, D. Fraser, and A. M. Honkanen. 1996. Sow body movements that crush piglets: A comparison between two types of farrowing accommodation. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 49:149-158.