Iraqi women and gender relations: Redefining difference

British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 405-418

  Al Ali, Nadje ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FEMINISM; GENDER RELATIONS; GENDER ROLE; HUMAN RIGHTS; POLITICAL DISCOURSE; POLITICAL IDEOLOGY; POLITICAL REPRESSION; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCE; VIOLENCE; WOMENS STATUS;

ASIA; EURASIA; IRAQ; MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 57649238616     PISSN: 13530194     EISSN: 14693542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13530190802525155     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Nadje Al-Ali, Iraqi Women: Untold Stories from 1948 to the Present (London and New York: Zed Books, 2007), p. 2.
2. Ibid., p. 61.
3. Ibid., p.76.
4. M. Farouk-Sluglett and P. Sluglett, Iraq since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship, 4th ed. (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2003), p. 49.
5. Al-Ali (2007), p. 77.
6. C. Tripp, A History of Iraq (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 115-116.
7. Ibid.
8. E. Davis, Memories of State: Politics, History and Collective Memory in Modern Iraq (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2005), p. 85.
9. Farouk-Sluglett Sluglett (2003), p. 45.
10. Al-Ali, (2007), pp. 74-75.
11. Nuha is referring to the Shi'i rituals associated with 'Ashurah, the tenth day of the Islamic month of Muharram. For Shi'i Muslims, the day commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn 'Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala' in the year 61 AH (AD 680) and is a day for mourning. Plays re-enacting the martyrdom are often staged and many take part in mourning rituals. Some Shi'i observe ' Ashurah with a traditional flagellation ritual called zanjeer zani or zanjeer matam, involving the use of a zanjeer (a chain with a set of curved knives at the end). The practice is not universal - many Shi'i enact the ritual by beating their chests symbolically.
12. Al-Ali (2007), p. 65.
13. Farouk-Sluglett Sluglett (2003), p. 232.
14. Al-Ali, (2007), pp. 128-129.
15. S. Omar, 'Honour, Shame and Dictatorship', in F. Hazelton (ed.), Iraq since the Gulf War: Prospects for Democracy (London and New York, Zed Books, 1994), p. 63.
16. 1999-2000 Country Report, Iraq Country Office, June 2000.
17. N. Al-Ali, 'Gendering Reconstruction: Iraqi Women between Dictatorship, wars, Sanctions and Occupation', Third World Quarterly, 26(4/5) (2005), pp. 7-47.
18. N. Al-Ali and Y. Hussein 'Between Dreams and Sanctions: Teenage Lives in Iraq', in Akbar Mahdi (ed.), Teenagers in the Middle East (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003), p. 46.
19. See http://www.womenwarpeace.org/iraq/iraq.htm.
20. A. Rohde, 'Facing Dictatorship: State Society Relations in Ba'thist Iraq', unpublished PhD dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin (April 2006), p. 236.
21. http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId~76065