Mechanical response of longleaf pine to variation in microfibril angle, chemistry associated wavelengths, density, and radial position

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 60-66

  Via, B K ^a   So, C L ^b,c   Shupe, T F ^c   Groom, L H ^b   Wikaira, J ^d  

^a AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Wood Products Utilization Research Unit   (United States)

^c LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

A. Wood; B. Plastic deformation; C. Micro mechanics; D. Mechanical testing

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; CELLULOSE; CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES; DEFORMATION; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNIN; MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; MECHANICS; PHOTORESISTS; PLASTIC DEFORMATION; POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; STIFFNESS; STRUCTURE (COMPOSITION); WOOD;

A. WOOD; B. PLASTIC DEFORMATION; C. MICRO-MECHANICS; CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS; D. MECHANICAL TESTING; LIGNIN CONTENTS; LONGLEAF PINES; MATURE WOODS; MECHANICAL RESPONSES; MICROFIBRIL ANGLES; RADIAL POSITIONS; WOOD CELL WALLS; X-RAY DIFFRACTIONS; YIELD POINTS;

MECHANICAL TESTING;

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; CELLULOSE; CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; DEFORMATION; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNINS; MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; MECHANICAL TESTS; MECHANICS; PLASTIC DEFORMATION; SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; STIFFNESS; STRUCTURES; WOOD;

EID: 57649229616     PISSN: 1359835X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.10.007     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Espert A., Francisco V., and Karlsson S. Comparison of water absorption in natural cellulosic fibers from wood and one-year crops in polypropylene composites and its influence on their mechanical properties. Composites: Part A 35 (2004) 1267-1276
2. Nieduszy I., and Preston R.D. Crystallite size in natural cellulose. Nature 225 (1970) 273-274
3. Via B.K., So C., Groom L.H., Shupe T.F., Stine M., and Wikaira J. Within tree variation of lignin, extractives, and microfibril angle coupled with the theoretical and near infrared modeling of microfibril angle. IAWA J 28 (2007) 189-209
4. Fengel D. Ultrastructural behavior of cell wall polysaccharides. Tappi J 53 (1970) 497-503
5. Adler E. Lignin chemistry-past, present, and future. Wood Sci Technol 11 (1977) 169-218
6. Yamamoto H., Kojima Y., Okuyama T., Abasolo W.P., and Gril J. Origin of the biomechanical properties of wood related to the fine structure of the multi-layered cell wall. Trans ASME 124 (2002) 432-440
7. Fromm J., Rockel B., Lautner S., Windeisen E., and Wanner G. Lignin distribution in wood cell walls determined by TEM and backscattered SEM techniques. J Struct Biol 143 (2003) 77-84
8. Singh A.P., and Daniel G. The S2 layer in the tracheid walls of Picea abies wood: inhomogeneity in lignin distribution and cell wall microstructure. Holzforschung 55 (2001) 373-378
9. Eichhorn S.J., Sirichaisit J., and Young R.J. Deformation mechanisms in cellulose fibres, paper and wood. J Mater Sci 36 (2001) 3129-3135
10. Bergander A., and Salmén L. Cell wall properties and their effects on the mechanical properties of fibers. J Mater Sci Lett 37 (2002) 151-156
11. Astley O.M., Chanliaud E., Donald A.M., and Gidley M.J. Tensile deformation of bacterial cellulose composites. Int J Biol Macromol 32 (2003) 28-35
12. Barnett J.R., and Bonham V.A. Cellulose microfibril angle in the cell wall of wood fibers. Biol Rev 79 (2004) 461-472
13. Gindl W., and Schöberl T. The significance of elastic modulus of wood cell walls obtained from nanoindentation measurements. Composites: Part A 35 (2004) 1345-1349
14. Salmén L. Micromechanical understanding of the cell-wall structure. C R Biol 327 (2004) 873-880
15. Tze W.T.Y., Wang S., Rials T.G., Pharr G.M., and Kelly S.S. Nanoindentation of wood cell walls: continuous stiffness and hardness measurements. Composites: Part A 38 (2007) 945-953
16. Lang W.H. The microscopical features of mechanical strains in timber and the bearing of these on the structure of the cell-wall in plants. J Philos Trans Roy Soc Lon B 210 (1919) 49-82
17. Jeronimidis G. The fracture behaviour of wood and the relations between toughness and morphology. Proc Roy Soc Lon B Biol Sci 208 (1980) 447-460
18. Taiz L. Plant cell expansion: regulation of cell wall mechanical properties. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 35 (1984) 585-657
19. Lucas P.W., Darvell B.W., Lee P.K., Yuen T.D., and Choong M.F. The toughness of plant cell walls. Philos Trans Biol Sci 348 (1995) 363-372
20. Cowdrey D.R., and Preston R.D. Elasticity and microfibrillar angle in the wood of sitka spruce. Proc Roy Soc Lon B Biol Sci 166 (1966) 245-272
21. Burgert I., Frühmann K., Keckes J., Fratzl P., and Stanzl-Tschegg S. Structure-function relationships of four compression wood types: micromechanical properties at the tissue and fibre level. Trees 18 (2004) 480-485
22. Groom L., Mott L., and Shaler S. Mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers. Part I. Determination and variability of stress-strain curves with respect to tree height and juvenility. Wood Fiber Sci 34 (2002) 14-27
23. Shupe T.F., Choong E.T., Stokke D.D., and Gibson M.D. Variation in cell dimensions and fibril angle for two even-aged loblolly pine plantations. Wood Fiber Sci 28 (1996) 268-275
24. Gartner B. Trees have higher longitudinal growth strains in their stems than in their roots. Int J Plant Sci 158 (1997) 418-423
25. Kojima Y., and Yamamoto H. Effect of microfibril angle on the longitudinal tensile creep behavior of wood. J Wood Sci 50 (2004) 301-306
26. Hori R., Suzuki H., Kamiyama T., and Sugiyama J. Variation of microfibril angles and chemical composition: implications for functional properties. J Mater Sci Lett 22 (2003) 963-966
27. Via B.K., Eckhardt L.G., So C., Shupe T.F., Groom L.H., and Stine M. The response of visible/near infrared absorbance to wood-staining fungi. Wood Fiber Sci 38 (2006) 717-726
28. American Society for Testing Materials. Standard methods of testing small clear specimens of timber: ASTM D 143-83, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 1993.
29. American Society for Testing Materials. Standard test methods for specific gravity of wood and wood-base materials: ASTM D 2395-83, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 1993.
30. Via B.K., Shupe T.F., Groom L.F., Stine M., and So C.L. Multivariate modelling of density, strength, and stiffness from near infared for mature, juvenile, and pith wood of longleaf pine (Pinus Palustris). J Near Infrared Spectrosc 11 (2003) 365-378
31. Cave I. Theory of X-ray diffraction method for the measurement of microfibril angle in wood. For Prod J 16 (1966) 37-42
32. Unscrambler. Camo: version 7.5, Vika, Norway; 1999.
33. Statistical Analysis Software. version 9.0, Cary, North Carolina, USA; 2002.
34. Schimleck L.R., Stürzenbecher R., Jones P.D., and Evans R. Development of wood property calibrations using near infrared spectra having different spectral resolutions. J Near Infrared Spectrosc 12 (2004) 55-61
35. Cave I.D., and Walker J.C.F. Stiffness of wood in fast-grown plantation softwoods: the influence of microfibril angle. For Prod J 44 (1994) 43-48
36. Reiterer A., Lichtenegger H., Tschegg S., and Fratzl P. Experimental evidence for a mechanical function of the cellulose microfibril angle in wood cell walls. Phil Mag A 79 (1999) 2173-2184
37. Yang J.L., and Evans R. Prediction of MOE of eucalypt wood from microfibril angle and density. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 61 (2003) 449-452
38. Evans R., and Ilic J. Rapid prediction of wood stiffness from microfibril angle and density. For Prod J 51 (2001) 53-57
39. Köhler L., and Spatz H. Micromechanics of plant tissues beyond the linear-elastic range. Plants 215 (2002) 33-40
40. Via B.K., So C., Eckhardt L.G., Shupe T.F., Groom L.H., and Stine M. Response of diffuse reflectance spectra to blue stain and wood age. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc 16 (2008) 71-74
41. Soukupová J., Rock B.N., and Albrechtová J. Spectral characteristics of lignin and soluble phenolics in the near infrared-a comparative study. Int J Remote Sensing 23 (2002) 3039-3055
42. Schwanninger M., Hinterstoisser B., Gradinger C., Messner K., and Fackler K. Examination of spruce wood biodegraded by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora using near and mid infrared spectroscopy. J Near Infrared Spectrosc 12 (2004) 397-409
43. Tsuchikawa S., Inoue K., and Mitsui K. Spectroscopic monitoring of wood characteristics variation by light-irradiation. For Prod J 54 (2004) 71-76
44. Yeh T., Chang H., and Kadla J.F. Rapid prediction of solid wood lignin content using transmittance near-infrared spectroscopy. J Agr Food Chem 52 (2004) 1435-1439
45. Terdwongworakul A., Punsuwan V., Thanapase W., and Tsuchikawa S. Rapid assessment of wood chemical properties and pulp yield of Eucalpytus camaldulensis in Thailand tree plantations by near infrared spectroscopy for improving wood selection for high quality pulp. J Wood Sci 51 (2005) 167-171
46. Jones D.P., Schimleck L.R., Peter G.F., Daniel R.F., and Clark A. Nondestructive estimation of wood chemical composition of sections of radial wood strips by diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy. Wood Sci Technol 40 (2006) 709-720
47. Winandy J.E., and Lebow P.K. Modeling strength loss in wood by chemical composition Part I. An individual component model for southern pine. Wood Fiber Sci 33 (2001) 239-254
48. Hepworth D.G., and Vincent J.F. Modelling the mechanical properties of xylem tissue from tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum 'Samsun') by considering the importance of molecular and micromechanisms. Ann Bot 81 (1998) 761-770
49. Gindl W., Gupta H.S., Schöberl T., Lichtenegger H.C., and Fratzl P. Mechanical properties of spruce wood cell walls by nanoindentation. Appl Phys 79 (2004) 2069-2073
50. Law D.P., and Trachuk R. Determination of moisture content in wheat by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. Cereal Chem 54 (1977) 874-881
51. Gillon D., Dauriac F., Deshayes M., Valette J.C., and Moro C. Estimation of moisture content using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Ag For Meterol 124 (2004) 51-62