A numerical study of water mist mitigation of tunnel fires

Fire Safety Journal

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 198-211

  Nmira, F ^a   Consalvi, J L ^a   Kaiss, A ^a   Fernandez Pello, A C ^b   Porterie, B ^a  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Moment method; Numerical model; Polydisperse spray; Thermoplastic fire; Tunnel; Water mist

Indexed keywords

COMBUSTION; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; DROPS; EFFICIENCY; FLOW OF WATER; HYDRAULICS; METHOD OF MOMENTS; NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL METHODS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TURBULENCE MODELS; TWO PHASE FLOW; VOLUME FRACTION;

EULERIAN TWO-PHASE MODELS; EULERIAN-EULERIAN; FIRE MITIGATION; MOMENTS METHOD; POLYDISPERSE SPRAY; POLYDISPERSES; THERMOPLASTIC FIRE; TUNNEL FIRES; WATER FLOW RATE; WATER MIST;

FIRES;

EID: 57649211691     PISSN: 03797112     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. NFPA 750, Standard on the installation of water mist fire protection systems, National Fire Protection Association, 2000.
2. Grant G., Brenton J., and Drysdale D. Fire suppression by water sprays. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 26 (2000) 79-130
3. Novozhilov V., Harvie D.J.E., Green A.R., and Kent J.H. A computational fluid dynamic model of fire burning rate and extinction by water sprinkler. Combust. Sci. Technol. 123 (1997) 227-245
4. Novozhilov V., Harvie D.J.E., Kent J.H., Apte V.B., and Pearson D. A computational fluid dynamics study of wood fire extinguishment by water sprinkler. Fire Saf. J. 29 (1997) 259-282
5. Yao B., Fan W., and Liao G. Interaction of water mists with a diffusion flame in a confined space. Fire Saf. J. 33 (1999) 129-139
6. Kim S.C., and Ryou H.S. An experimental and numerical study on fire suppression using a water mist in an enclosure. Build. Environ. 38 (2003) 1309-1316
7. Prasad K., Patnaik G., and Kailasanath K. A numerical study of water-mist suppression of large scale compartment fires. Fire Saf. J. 37 (2002) 569-589
8. Consalvi J.L., Porterie B., and Loraud J.C. Dynamic and radiative aspects of fire-water mist interactions. Combust. Sci. Technol. 176 (2004) 721-752
9. Hua J., Kumar K., Khoo B.C., and Xue H. A numerical study of the interaction of water spray with a fire plume. Fire Saf. J. 37 (2002) 631-657
10. L.Y. Cooper, D.W. Stroup, Test results and predictions for the response of the near ceiling sprinkler links in a full scale compartment fire, NBSIR 87-3633, US, National Bureau of Standards, USA, 1987.
11. Bill Jr. R.G., Hansen R.L., and Richards K. Fine spray protection of shipboard engine rooms. Fire Saf. J. 29 (1997) 317-336
12. Back III G.G., Beyler C.L., and Hansen R.A. Quasi-steady state model for predicting fire suppression in spaces protected by water mist systems. Fire Saf. J. 35 (2000) 327-362
13. R.A. Hart, T.X. Ren, J.S. Edwards, Numerical simulation of water mist suppression of tunnel-fire scenarios, in: The Third International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, 2003.
14. Beck J.C., and Watkins A.P. On the development of spray sub-models based on droplet size moments. J. Comput. Phys. 182 (2002) 568-621
15. Yakhot V., and Orszag S. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. J. Sci. Comput. 1 (1986) 3-51
16. Launder B.E., and Spalding D.B. The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput. Method. Appl. Mech. Eng. 3 (1974) 269-289
17. Beck J.C., and Watkins A.P. On the development of a spray model based on drop-size moments. Proc. R. Soc. London A 459 (2003) 1365-1394
18. Crowe C.T., Sommerfeld M., and Tsuji Y. Multiphase Flow with Droplets and Particles (1998), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
19. Wang X.F., and Lefebvre A.H. Influence of ambient air pressure on pressure-swirl atomisation. Atomisation Spray Technol. 3 (1987) 209-226
20. Wierzba A. Deformation and breakup of liquid drops in a gas stream at nearly critical Weber numbers. Exp. Fluids 9 (1990) 59-64
21. Williams F.A. Combustion Theory (1965), Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
22. J. Carlsson, Computational strategy in flame-spread modelling involving wooden surface-an evaluation study, Report 1028, Lund University, 2003.
23. Drysdale D. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics (1992), Wiley, New York
24. B.F. Magnussen, B.H. Hjertager, On mathematical modeling of turbulent combustion with special emphasis on soot formation and combustion, in: 16th International Symposium on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1976, pp. 719-729.
25. A.C. Fernandez-Pello, S.R. Ray, I. Glassman, Flame spread in opposed forced flow: the effect of ambient oxygen concentration, in: 18th International Symposium on Combustion, The combustion Institute, 1981, pp. 579-589.
26. Consalvi J.L., Porterie B., and Loraud J.C. Averaging procedure for radiation heat transfer in particulate medium. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 27-55
27. Collin A., Boulet P., Lacroix D., and Jeandel G. On radiative transfer in water spray curtains using the discrete ordinates method. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 92 (2005) 85-110
28. Modest M.F. Radiative Heat Transfer (1996), McGraw-Hill, New York
29. Van de Hulst H.C. Light Scattering by Small Particles (1981), Dover, New York
30. Hale G.M., and Querry M.R. Optical constants of water in the 200 nm to 200 μ m wavelength region. Appl. Opt. 12 (1973) 555-563
31. Kent J.H., and Honnery D.R. A soot formation rate map for a laminar ethylene diffusion flame. Combust. Flame 79 (1990) 287-298
32. Moss J.B., and Stewart C.D. Flamelet-based smoke properties for the field modelling of fires. Fire Saf. J. 30 (1998) 229-250
33. J. Nagle, R.F. Strickland-Constable, Oxidation of carbon between 1000-2000 °C, in: Proceedings of Fifth International Carbon Conference, 1962, pp. 154-164.
34. Leonard B.P., and Drummond J.E. Why you should not use hybrid, power-law or related exponential schemes for convective modeling. There are much better alternatives. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 20 (1995) 421-442
35. Chow W.K., and Cheung Y.L. Selection of differencing scheme on simulating the sprinkler hot-air layer problem. Numer. Heat Transfer 35 (1999) 311-330
36. Patankar S.V. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow (1980), McGraw-Hill, New York
37. Chow W.K., and Cheung Y.L. Comparison of the algorithms PISO and SIMPLER for solving pressure-velocity linker equations in simulating compartment fire. Numer. Heat Transfer 31 (1997) 87-112
38. Raithby G.D., and Chui E.H. A finite volume method for predicting a radiant heat transfer in enclosures with participating media. J. Heat Transfer 112 (1990) 415-423
39. Watkins A.P. Three-dimensional modelling of gas flow and sprays in diesel engines. In: Markatos N.C. (Ed). Computer Simulation for Fluid-Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines (1989), Hemisphere, Washington, DC 193
40. J.C. Beck, Computational modelling of polydisperse sprays without segregation into droplet size classes, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000.
41. Karlsson B., and Quintiere J.G. Enclosure Fire Dynamics (2000), CRC Press, New York
42. Kim M.B., Jang Y.J., and Yonn M.O. Extinction limit of a pool fire with a water mist. Fire Saf. J. 28 (1997) 295-306
43. J. Richard, J.P. Garo, J.M. Souil, J.P. Vantelon, D. Lemonier, Addition of a water mist on small scale liquid pool fire: effect on radiant heat transfer at the surface, in: 29th International Symposium on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 2002, pp. 377-384.
44. Nmira F., Kaiss A., Consalvi J.L., and Porterie B. Predicting fire suppression efficiency using polydisperse water sprays. Numer. Heat Transfer Part A 53 (2008) 132-156
45. B. Dlugogorski, J.R. Mawhinney, K.A. Jonasson, Characteristics of air-assist and swirl atomizers for fire suppression systems, in: Seventh ILASS-AMERICAS, 1994.
46. Kim M.B., Jang Y.J., and Kim J.K. Burning rate of a pool fire with downward-direct sprays. Fire Saf. J. 27 (1996) 37-48