Modeling optical turbulence and seeing over Mauna Kea

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 1140-1155

  Cherubini, Tiziana ^a   Businger, S ^a   Lyman, R ^a   Chun, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC ENGINEERING; ASTRONOMICAL SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY LAYERS; DEGRADATION; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS; OPTICAL TELESCOPES; TELESCOPES;

IMAGE DEGRADATIONS; MESOSCALE MODELS; OPERATIONAL RUNS; OPTICAL TURBULENCES; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITIES; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYERS; SITE MONITORING; TURBULENCE KINETIC ENERGIES; VERTICAL PROFILES;

TURBULENCE;

ALGORITHM; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE; KINETIC ENERGY; OPTICAL PROPERTY; TURBULENCE; VERTICAL PROFILE; WAVE PROPAGATION;

HAWAII [(ISL) HAWAIIAN ISLANDS]; HAWAII [UNITED STATES]; HAWAIIAN ISLANDS; MAUNA KEA; NORTH AMERICA; PACIFIC ISLANDS; PACIFIC OCEAN; UNITED STATES;

EID: 57649171094     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1487.1     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. André, J. C., G. De Moor, P. Lacarrère, and R. Du Vachat, 1978: Modeling the 24-hour evolution of the mean and turbulent structures of the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1861-1883.
2. Antonia, R. A., A. J. Chambers, and C. A. Friehe, 1978: Statistical properties of optical refractive index fluctuations in the marine boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 15, 243-253.
3. Avila, R., J. Vernin, and E. Masciadri, 1997: Whole atmospheric-turbulence profiling with generalized scidar. Appl. Opt., 36, 7898-7905.
4. Ballard, S. P., B. W. Golding, and R. N. B. Smith, 1991: Mesoscale model experimental forecasts of the haar of northeast Scotland. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2107-2123.
5. Bean, B. R., and E. J. Dutton, 1966: Radio Meteorology. NBS Monogr., No. 92, U.S. Government Printing Office, 435 pp.
6. Beckers, J. M., 1993: Adaptive optics for astronomy: Principles, performance, and applications. Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 31, 13-62.
7. Bougeault, P., 1997: Simulation numérique de la turbulence atmosphérique sur la zone du Mt. Lachens (Numeric simulation of the atmospheric turbulence over Mt. Lachens). Tech. Rep. 22.796/DA.B1/ DC, 26 pp.
8. Bougeault, P., C. De Hui, B. Fleury, and J. Laurent, 1995: Investigation of seeing by means of an atmospheric mesoscale numerical simulation. Appl. Opt., 34, 3481.
9. Businger, S., R. McLaren, R. Ogasawara, D. Simons, and R. J. Wainscoat, 2002: Starcasting. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 858-871.
10. Cherubini, T., S. Businger, C. Velden, and R. Ogasawara, 2006: The impact of satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors on mesoscale forecasts over Hawaii. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2009-2020.
11. Coulman, C. E., 1980: Correlations between velocity temperature and humidity fluctuations in the air above land and ocean. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 19, 403-420.
12. Coulman, C. E., 1985: Fundamental and applied aspects of astronomical "seeing." Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 23, 19-57.
13. Coulman, C. E., J. C. André, P. Lacarrère, and P. R. Gillingham, 1986: The observation, calculation, and possible forecasting of astronomical seeing. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 98, 376-387.
14. Friehe, C. A., J. C. La Rue, F. H. Champagne, C. H. Gibson, and G. F. Dreyer, 1975: Effect of temperature and humidity fluctuations on the optical refractive index in the marine boundary layer. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 65, 1502-1511.
15. Gallus, W. A., and J. B. Klemp, 2000: Behavior of flow over step orography. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1153-1164.
16. Garand, L., 1983: Some improvements and complements to the infrared emissivity algorithm including a parameterization of the absorption in the continuum region. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 230-243.
17. Gayno, G. A., 1994: Development of a higher-order, fog-producing boundary layer model suitable for use in numerical weather prediction. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 pp. [Available from Dept. of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.]
18. Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398-STR, 122 pp.
19. Imbard, M., A. Joly, and R. Du Vachat, 1986: Le modèle de prévision numérique PERIDOT: Formulation dynamique et modes de fonctionnement. EERM Tech. Rep. 161, 70 pp. [Available from CNRM, 42, Av. Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, France.]
20. Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/ detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802.
21. Klemp, J. B., and D. R. Durran, 1983: An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical mesoscale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 430-444.
22. Klemp, J. B., W. C. Skamarock, and O. Fuhrer, 2003: Numerical consistency of metric terms in terrain-following coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1229-1239.
23. Kolmogorov, A. N., 1941: Local structure of turbulence in an incompressible viscous fluid at very large Reynolds numbers. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 30, 301-305. (English translation in Friedlander, S. K., and L. Topper, Eds., 1961: Turbulence: Classic Papers on Statistical Theory. Interscience Publishers, 187 pp.)
24. Kornilov, V., A. A. Tokovinin, O. Vozyakova, A. Zaitsev, N. Shatsky, S. F. Potanin, and M. S. Sarazin, 2003: MASS: A monitor of the vertical turbulence distribution. Adaptive optical System Technologies II, P. L. Wizinowich and D. Bonaccini, Eds., International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4839), 837-845.
25. Launder, B. E., 1975: On the effects of a gravitational field on the turbulent transport of heat and momentum. J. Fluid Mech., 67, 569-581.
26. Masciadri, E., 1998: Caractérisation et prévision à 3D de la turbulence optique par un modèle atmosphérique non-hydrostatique: Application à la Haute Résolution Angulaire au sol (3D characterization and forecast of the optical turbulence by a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model: Application to the "High Angular Resolution" techniques from the ground). Ph.D. thesis, Université de Nice, 139 pp.
27. Masciadri, E., and P. Jabouille, 2001: Improvements in the optical turbulence parameterization for 3D simulations in a region around a telescope. Astron. Astrophys., 376, 727-734.
28. Masciadri, E., J. Vernin, and P. Bougeault, 1999a: 3D mapping of optical turbulence using an atmospheric numerical model. I. A useful tool for the ground-based astronomy. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 137, 185-202.
29. Masciadri, E., J. Vernin, and P. Bougeault, 1999b: 3D mapping of optical turbulence using an atmospheric numerical model. II. First results at Cerro Paranal. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 137, 203-216.
30. Masciadri, E., R. Avila, and L. J. Sánchez, 2002: First evidence of the finite horizontal extent of the optical turbulence layers. Implications for new adaptive optics techniques. Astron. Astrophys., 382, 378-388.
31. 2 simulations. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofís., 40, 3-14.
32. McGinley, J. A., 1989: The local analysis and prediction system. Preprints, 12th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Monterey, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 15-20.
33. Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1974: A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791-1806.
34. Prieur, J.-L., G. Daigne, and R. Avila, 2001: SCIDAR measurements at Pic du Midi. Astron. Astrophys., 371, 366-377.
35. Prieur, J.-L., R. Avila, G. Daigne, and J. Vernin, 2004: Automatic determination of wind profiles with generalized SCIDAR. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 116, 778-789.
36. Reisner, J., R. M. Rasmussen, and R. T. Bruintjes, 1998: Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124B, 1071-1107.
37. Roddier, F., 1981: The effect of atmospheric turbulence in optical astronomy. Progress in Optics, Vol. 19, E. Wolf, Ed., North-Holland Publishing, 281-376.
38. Shafran, P. C., N. L. Seaman, and G. A. Gayno, 2000: Evaluation of numerical predictions of boundary layer structure during the Lake Michigan ozone study. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 412-426.
39. Stephens, G. L., 1978: Radiation profiles in extended water clouds. II: Parameterization schemes. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2123-2132.
40. Tokovinin, A. A., J. Vernin, A. Ziad, and M. Chun, 2005: Optical turbulence profiles at Mauna Kea measured by MASS and SCIDAR. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 117, 395-400.
41. Vernin, J., and F. Roddier, 1973: Experimental determination of two-dimensional spatiotemporal power spectra of stellar light scintillation. Evidence for a multilayer structure of the air turbulence in the upper troposphere. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 63, 270-273.
42. Vernin, J., and M. Azouit, 1983: Traitement d'image adapté au speckle atmosphérique, II: Analyse multidimentionnelle appliquée au diagnostic à distance de la turbulence (Image treatment adapted to the atmospheric speckle, II: Multi-dimensional analysis applied to turbulent remote sensing). J. Opt., 14, 131-142.
43. Wesely, M. L., and B. B. Hicks, 1978: High-frequency temperature and humidity correlation above a warm wet surface. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 123-128.