메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 488-497

Zoo and aquarium research: Priority setting for the coming decades

Author keywords

Academic freedom; Animal management; Animal welfare; Conservation; Priority setting; Research funding; Trends; Zoo research

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 57649158468     PISSN: 07333188     EISSN: 10982361     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20167     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 77952922137 scopus 로고
    • AZA, Silver Spring, MD: American Zoo and Aquarium Association
    • AZA. 1995-2005. Annual report on conservation and science. Silver Spring, MD: American Zoo and Aquarium Association (http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ ConSciencePubs/).
    • (1995) Annual report on conservation and science
  • 2
    • 0141612320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZA, Silver Spring, MD: American Zoo and Aquarium Association. 14p
    • AZA. 2001. AZA standards for elephant management and care. Silver Spring, MD: American Zoo and Aquarium Association. 14p.
    • (2001) AZA standards for elephant management and care
  • 3
    • 35148831188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic effects of captive breeding cause a rapid, cumulative fitness decline in the wild
    • Araki H, Cooper B, Blouin MS. 2007. Genetic effects of captive breeding cause a rapid, cumulative fitness decline in the wild. Science 318:100-103.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 100-103
    • Araki, H.1    Cooper, B.2    Blouin, M.S.3
  • 4
    • 57649242501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal ambassadors: An analysis of the effectiveness and conservation impact of ex situ breeding efforts
    • Zimmerman A, Hatchwell M, West C, Lattis R, editors, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p
    • Baker A. 2007. Animal ambassadors: an analysis of the effectiveness and conservation impact of ex situ breeding efforts. In: Zimmerman A, Hatchwell M, West C, Lattis R, editors. Zoos in the 21st century: catalysts for conservation? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p 139-154.
    • (2007) Zoos in the 21st century: Catalysts for conservation , pp. 139-154
    • Baker, A.1
  • 5
    • 0039453173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for multidisciplinary research units in the zoo
    • Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson V, Lumpkin S, editors, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p
    • Benirske K. 1996. The need for multidisciplinary research units in the zoo. In: Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson V, Lumpkin S, editors. Wild mammals in captivity: principles and techniques. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p 537-544.
    • (1996) Wild mammals in captivity: Principles and techniques , pp. 537-544
    • Benirske, K.1
  • 6
    • 0000855686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and genetic management of captive populations
    • Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson KV, Lumpkin S, editors, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p
    • Ballou JD, Foose TJ. 1996. Demographic and genetic management of captive populations. In: Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson KV, Lumpkin S, editors. Wild mammals in captivity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p 451-467.
    • (1996) Wild mammals in captivity , pp. 451-467
    • Ballou, J.D.1    Foose, T.J.2
  • 7
    • 57649164981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Message received? Quantifying the impact of informal conservation education on adults visiting UK zoos
    • Zimmerman A, Hatchwell M, West C, Lattis R, editors, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p
    • Balmford A, Leader-Williams N, Mace G, Manica A, Walter O, West C, Zimmerman A. 2007. Message received? Quantifying the impact of informal conservation education on adults visiting UK zoos. In: Zimmerman A, Hatchwell M, West C, Lattis R, editors. Zoos in the 21st century: catalysts for conservation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p 120-136.
    • (2007) Zoos in the 21st century: Catalysts for conservation , pp. 120-136
    • Balmford, A.1    Leader-Williams, N.2    Mace, G.3    Manica, A.4    Walter, O.5    West, C.6    Zimmerman, A.7
  • 8
    • 0347925129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burghardt GM, Bieletzki JT, Boyce JR, Schaeffer DO, editors, Greenbelt, MD: Scientist's Center for Animal Welfare. 137p
    • Burghardt GM, Bieletzki JT, Boyce JR, Schaeffer DO, editors. 1996. The well-being of animals in zoo and aquarium sponsored research. Greenbelt, MD: Scientist's Center for Animal Welfare. 137p.
    • (1996) The well-being of animals in zoo and aquarium sponsored research
  • 9
    • 0004804937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the causes of stereotypic behavior in zoo carnivores: Toward appropriate enrichment strategies
    • Shepherdson D, Mellen JD, Hutchins M, editors, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p
    • Carlstead K. 1998. Determining the causes of stereotypic behavior in zoo carnivores: toward appropriate enrichment strategies. In: Shepherdson D, Mellen JD, Hutchins M, editors. Second nature: environmental enrichment for captive animals. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 172-183.
    • (1998) Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals , pp. 172-183
    • Carlstead, K.1
  • 11
    • 0141929390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal welfare: Captivity effects on wide-ranging carnivores
    • Clubb R, Mason G. 2003. Animal welfare: captivity effects on wide-ranging carnivores. Nature 425:473-474.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 473-474
    • Clubb, R.1    Mason, G.2
  • 12
    • 0040354449 scopus 로고
    • Zoos: Their changing roles
    • Conway WG. 1969. Zoos: their changing roles. Science 163:48-52.
    • (1969) Science , vol.163 , pp. 48-52
    • Conway, W.G.1
  • 13
    • 34547397555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of zoos in the 21st century
    • Conway WG. 2003. The role of zoos in the 21st century. Int Zoo Yearbook 38:7-13.
    • (2003) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.38 , pp. 7-13
    • Conway, W.G.1
  • 14
    • 0035636674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of target population size, population parameters, and program management on viability of captive populations
    • Earnhardt JE, Thompson S, Marhevsky E. 2001. Interactions of target population size, population parameters, and program management on viability of captive populations. Zoo Biol 20:169-184.
    • (2001) Zoo Biol , vol.20 , pp. 169-184
    • Earnhardt, J.E.1    Thompson, S.2    Marhevsky, E.3
  • 15
    • 57649186493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientists looking at ways to trap greenhouse gases
    • Tuesday, February 3
    • Eilperin J. 2005. Scientists looking at ways to trap greenhouse gases. Washington Post Tuesday, February 3: A2.
    • (2005) Washington Post
    • Eilperin, J.1
  • 16
    • 57649226462 scopus 로고
    • Design and administration of zoological research programs
    • Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. p
    • Eisenberg JF. 1975. Design and administration of zoological research programs. In: Research in zoos and aquariums. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. p 12-18.
    • (1975) Research in zoos and aquariums , pp. 12-18
    • Eisenberg, J.F.1
  • 17
    • 84985099968 scopus 로고
    • The usefulness of behaviour studies in developing captive breeding programmes for mammals
    • Eisenberg JF, Kleiman DG. 1977. The usefulness of behaviour studies in developing captive breeding programmes for mammals. Int Zoo Yearbook 17:81-88.
    • (1977) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.17 , pp. 81-88
    • Eisenberg, J.F.1    Kleiman, D.G.2
  • 18
    • 0141612349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another view of zoos
    • Washington, DC: The Humane Society of the United States
    • Farinato R. 2001. Another view of zoos. In: The state of the animals, 2001. Washington, DC: The Humane Society of the United States.
    • (2001) The state of the animals, 2001
    • Farinato, R.1
  • 21
    • 84995139714 scopus 로고
    • A survey of research in American zoos and aquariums
    • Finlay TW, Maple TL. 1986. A survey of research in American zoos and aquariums. Zoo Biol 5:261-268.
    • (1986) Zoo Biol , vol.5 , pp. 261-268
    • Finlay, T.W.1    Maple, T.L.2
  • 23
    • 57649177282 scopus 로고
    • Science in the zoo
    • Goodwin LG. 1980. Science in the zoo. Int Zoo News 27:4-7.
    • (1980) Int Zoo News , vol.27 , pp. 4-7
    • Goodwin, L.G.1
  • 25
    • 0039453163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current research activities in zoos
    • Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson V, Lumpkin S, editors, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p
    • Hardy DF. 1996. Current research activities in zoos. In: Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson V, Lumpkin S, editors. Wild mammals in captivity: principles and techniques. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p 531-536.
    • (1996) Wild mammals in captivity: Principles and techniques , pp. 531-536
    • Hardy, D.F.1
  • 26
    • 57649164986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific research and zoos: Who benefits from whom?
    • Bern, Switzerland. p
    • Hofer H. 2004. Scientific research and zoos: who benefits from whom? WAZA Annual Conference Proceedings, Bern, Switzerland. p 12-18.
    • (2004) WAZA Annual Conference Proceedings , pp. 12-18
    • Hofer, H.1
  • 28
    • 57649146219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why zoos and aquariums should increase their contributions to in situ conservation
    • Bethesda, MD. p
    • Hutchins M. 1999. Why zoos and aquariums should increase their contributions to in situ conservation. AZA Annual Conference Proceedings, 1996, Bethesda, MD. p 148-150.
    • (1996) AZA Annual Conference Proceedings , pp. 148-150
    • Hutchins, M.1
  • 29
    • 57649152858 scopus 로고
    • Zoo research: Its application to management problems
    • Bethesda, MD. p
    • Hutchins M. 1986. Zoo research: its application to management problems. AAZPA Annual Conference Proceedings, 1986, Bethesda, MD. p 420-429.
    • (1986) AAZPA Annual Conference Proceedings , pp. 420-429
    • Hutchins, M.1
  • 30
    • 84987539054 scopus 로고
    • On the design of zoo research programmes
    • Hutchins M. 1988. On the design of zoo research programmes. Int Zoo Yearbook 27:9-19.
    • (1988) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.27 , pp. 9-19
    • Hutchins, M.1
  • 31
    • 57649152861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hutchins M. 2001. Research overview. In: Bell C, editor. Encyclopedia of the world's zoos. 3, R-Z. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p 1076-1080.
    • Hutchins M. 2001. Research overview. In: Bell C, editor. Encyclopedia of the world's zoos. Vol. 3, R-Z. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p 1076-1080.
  • 32
    • 0141612343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoo and aquarium animal management and conservation: Current trends and future challenges
    • Hutchins M. 2003. Zoo and aquarium animal management and conservation: current trends and future challenges. Int Zoo Yearbook 38:14-28.
    • (2003) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.38 , pp. 14-28
    • Hutchins, M.1
  • 33
    • 33746178648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better off dead than captive bred? AZA Communique
    • June. p, 53
    • Hutchins M. 2004. Better off dead than captive bred? AZA Communique June. p 47-49, 53.
    • (2004) , pp. 47-49
    • Hutchins, M.1
  • 34
    • 33646560954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death at the zoo: The media, science and reality
    • Hutchins M. 2006a. Death at the zoo: The media, science and reality. Zoo Biol 25:101-115.
    • (2006) Zoo Biol , vol.25 , pp. 101-115
    • Hutchins, M.1
  • 35
    • 33746108557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in nature; its implications for zoo elephant management
    • Hutchins M. 2006b. Variation in nature; its implications for zoo elephant management. Zoo Biol 25:161-171.
    • (2006) Zoo Biol , vol.25 , pp. 161-171
    • Hutchins, M.1
  • 36
    • 84991131503 scopus 로고
    • Beyond Noah's Ark: The evolving role of modern zoological parks and aquariums in field conservation
    • Hutchins M, Conway WG. 1995. Beyond Noah's Ark: the evolving role of modern zoological parks and aquariums in field conservation. Int Zoo Yearbook 34:117-130.
    • (1995) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.34 , pp. 117-130
    • Hutchins, M.1    Conway, W.G.2
  • 37
    • 33746133581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elephant importation from range countries: Ethical and practical considerations for accredited zoos
    • Hutchins M, Keele M. 2006. Elephant importation from range countries: ethical and practical considerations for accredited zoos. Zoo Biol 25:219-233.
    • (2006) Zoo Biol , vol.25 , pp. 219-233
    • Hutchins, M.1    Keele, M.2
  • 38
    • 0141835360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of a world class zoo or aquarium in the 21st century
    • Hutchins M, Smith B. 2003. Characteristics of a world class zoo or aquarium in the 21st century. Int Zoo Yearbook 38:130-141.
    • (2003) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.38 , pp. 130-141
    • Hutchins, M.1    Smith, B.2
  • 39
    • 55149086303 scopus 로고
    • Ethical considerations in zoo and aquarium research
    • Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p
    • Hutchins M, Dresser B, Wemmer C. 1995a. Ethical considerations in zoo and aquarium research. In: Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors. Ethics on the ark: zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 253-276.
    • (1995) Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation , pp. 253-276
    • Hutchins, M.1    Dresser, B.2    Wemmer, C.3
  • 40
    • 84995135329 scopus 로고
    • Strategic collection planning: Theory and practice
    • Hutchins M, Wiese R, Willis K. 1995b. Strategic collection planning: theory and practice. Zoo Biol 14:5-25.
    • (1995) Zoo Biol , vol.14 , pp. 5-25
    • Hutchins, M.1    Wiese, R.2    Willis, K.3
  • 41
    • 0039169916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of zoo and aquarium research to wildlife conservation and science
    • Burghardt GM, Bieletzki JT, Boyce JR, Schaeffer DO, editors, Greenbelt, MD: Scientist's Center for Animal Welfare. p
    • Hutchins M, Paul E, Bowdoin JM. 1996. Contributions of zoo and aquarium research to wildlife conservation and science. In: Burghardt GM, Bieletzki JT, Boyce JR, Schaeffer DO, editors. The well-being of animals in zoo and aquarium sponsored research. Greenbelt, MD: Scientist's Center for Animal Welfare. p 23-39.
    • (1996) The well-being of animals in zoo and aquarium sponsored research , pp. 23-39
    • Hutchins, M.1    Paul, E.2    Bowdoin, J.M.3
  • 42
    • 0141540551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In defense of zoos and aquariums: The ethical basis for keeping wild animals in captivity
    • Hutchins M, Smith B, Allard R. 2003. In defense of zoos and aquariums: the ethical basis for keeping wild animals in captivity. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:958-966.
    • (2003) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.223 , pp. 958-966
    • Hutchins, M.1    Smith, B.2    Allard, R.3
  • 43
    • 57649174049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tough decisions: How AZA evaluates CEF grant applications
    • October. p
    • Hutchins M, Thompson S. 2002. Tough decisions: how AZA evaluates CEF grant applications. AZA Communique October. p 15-16.
    • (2002) AZA Communique , pp. 15-16
    • Hutchins, M.1    Thompson, S.2
  • 44
    • 0003961532 scopus 로고
    • Chicago, IL: Chicago Zoological Society for IUDZG, The World Zoo Organization and IUCN Captive Breeding Specialist Group
    • IUDZG, IUCN CBSG. 1993. The world zoo conservation strategy. Chicago, IL: Chicago Zoological Society for IUDZG - The World Zoo Organization and IUCN Captive Breeding Specialist Group.
    • (1993) The world zoo conservation strategy
    • IUDZG, I.C.1
  • 45
    • 0003385989 scopus 로고
    • Against zoos
    • Singer P, editor, New York, NY: Harper and Row. p
    • Jamieson D. 1985. Against zoos. In: Singer P, editor. In defense of animals. New York, NY: Harper and Row. p 108-117.
    • (1985) In defense of animals , pp. 108-117
    • Jamieson, D.1
  • 46
    • 0141612350 scopus 로고
    • Zoo revisited
    • Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p
    • Jamieson D. 1995. Zoo revisited. In: Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors. Ethics on the ark: zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 52-66.
    • (1995) Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation , pp. 52-66
    • Jamieson, D.1
  • 47
    • 84988813050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare, husbandry and veterinary care of wild animals in captivity: Changes in attitudes, progress in knowledge and techniques
    • Kirkwood JK. 2003. Welfare, husbandry and veterinary care of wild animals in captivity: changes in attitudes, progress in knowledge and techniques. Int Zoo Yearbook 38:124-130.
    • (2003) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.38 , pp. 124-130
    • Kirkwood, J.K.1
  • 48
    • 84987206260 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for the evaluation of zoo research projects
    • Kleiman DG. 1985. Criteria for the evaluation of zoo research projects. Zoo Biol 4:93-98.
    • (1985) Zoo Biol , vol.4 , pp. 93-98
    • Kleiman, D.G.1
  • 49
    • 84995136466 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral research in zoos: Past, present and future
    • Kleiman DG. 1992. Behavioral research in zoos: past, present and future. Zoo Biol 11:301-312.
    • (1992) Zoo Biol , vol.11 , pp. 301-312
    • Kleiman, D.G.1
  • 50
    • 57649174055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IACUCs: How do they relate to zoos and aquariums
    • Burghardt GM, Bieletzki JT, Boyce JR, Schaeffer DO, editors, Greenbelt, MD: Scientist's Center for Animal Welfare. p
    • Kohn B. 1996. IACUCs: how do they relate to zoos and aquariums. In: Burghardt GM, Bieletzki JT, Boyce JR, Schaeffer DO, editors. The well-being of animals in zoo and aquarium sponsored research. Greenbelt, MD: Scientist's Center for Animal Welfare. p 103-106.
    • (1996) The well-being of animals in zoo and aquarium sponsored research , pp. 103-106
    • Kohn, B.1
  • 51
    • 33748627423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the deep end: Pooling data and other statistical challenges of zoo and aquarium research
    • Kuhar CW. 2006. In the deep end: pooling data and other statistical challenges of zoo and aquarium research. Zoo Biol 25:339-352.
    • (2006) Zoo Biol , vol.25 , pp. 339-352
    • Kuhar, C.W.1
  • 52
    • 2442517554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of mortality in captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)
    • Leong KM, Terrell SP, Savage A. 2004. Causes of mortality in captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Zoo Biol 23:127-137.
    • (2004) Zoo Biol , vol.23 , pp. 127-137
    • Leong, K.M.1    Terrell, S.P.2    Savage, A.3
  • 53
    • 0035565936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal and behavioral relationships during estrus in the giant panda
    • Lindberg DG, Czekala NM, Swainsgood RR. 2001. Hormonal and behavioral relationships during estrus in the giant panda. Zoo Biol 20:537-543.
    • (2001) Zoo Biol , vol.20 , pp. 537-543
    • Lindberg, D.G.1    Czekala, N.M.2    Swainsgood, R.R.3
  • 54
    • 57649148442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malamud R. 2000. Reading zoos: representations of animals and captivity. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press. 377p.
    • Malamud R. 2000. Reading zoos: representations of animals and captivity. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press. 377p.
  • 55
    • 0003301846 scopus 로고
    • Defining the good zoo. Animal care maintenance and welfare
    • Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p
    • Maple T, McManamon R, Stevens E. 1995. Defining the good zoo. Animal care maintenance and welfare. In: Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors. Ethics on the ark: zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 219-234.
    • (1995) Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation , pp. 219-234
    • Maple, T.1    McManamon, R.2    Stevens, E.3
  • 56
    • 0002203472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epilogue: The future of environmental enrichment
    • Shepherdson D, Mellen JD, Hutchins M, editors, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p
    • Mellen JD, Shepherdson DJ, Hutchins M. 1998. Epilogue: the future of environmental enrichment. In: Shepherdson D, Mellen JD, Hutchins M, editors. Second nature: environmental enrichment for captive animals. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 329-336.
    • (1998) Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals , pp. 329-336
    • Mellen, J.D.1    Shepherdson, D.J.2    Hutchins, M.3
  • 58
    • 85024096166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal care and management at the National Zoo
    • National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. 304p
    • National Academy of Sciences. 2005. Animal care and management at the National Zoo: final report. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. 304p.
    • (2005) final report
  • 59
    • 27944463888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olson D, editor, Fort Worth, TX: American Zoo and Aquarium Association, Elephant Managers Association and International Elephant Foundation
    • Olson D, editor. 2003. Elephant husbandry resource guide. Fort Worth, TX: American Zoo and Aquarium Association, Elephant Managers Association and International Elephant Foundation.
    • (2003) Elephant husbandry resource guide
  • 60
    • 0034554359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of the North American African elephant population and projections for the future
    • Olson D, Wiese RJ. 2000. State of the North American African elephant population and projections for the future. Zoo Biol 19:311-320.
    • (2000) Zoo Biol , vol.19 , pp. 311-320
    • Olson, D.1    Wiese, R.J.2
  • 61
    • 4444357162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian elephants in zoos face global extinction: Should zoos accept the inevitable?
    • Rees PA. 2003. Asian elephants in zoos face global extinction: should zoos accept the inevitable? Oryx 37:20-22.
    • (2003) Oryx , vol.37 , pp. 20-22
    • Rees, P.A.1
  • 62
    • 0141612342 scopus 로고
    • Are zoos morally defensible
    • Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 330p
    • Regan T. 1995. Are zoos morally defensible. In: Norton B, Hutchins M, Stevens EF, Maple TL, editors. Ethics on the ark: zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 330p.
    • (1995) Ethics on the ark: Zoos, animal welfare and wildlife conservation
    • Regan, T.1
  • 63
    • 57649227245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating science, technology and animal management to produce the first Sumatran rhino calf in captivity
    • Bethesda, MD. p
    • Roth TL. 2002. Integrating science, technology and animal management to produce the first Sumatran rhino calf in captivity. Proceedings of the AZA Annual Conference, 2002, Bethesda, MD. p 63-65.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the AZA Annual Conference , pp. 63-65
    • Roth, T.L.1
  • 64
    • 38949213529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic studies in zoological parks and their application to conservation: Past, present and future
    • Ryder OA. 2003. Genetic studies in zoological parks and their application to conservation: past, present and future. Int Zoo Yearbook 38:102-111.
    • (2003) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.38 , pp. 102-111
    • Ryder, O.A.1
  • 65
    • 57649197943 scopus 로고
    • Research potential in zoological gardens
    • Schroeder CR. 1970. Research potential in zoological gardens. D Zoo Gart Jena (NF) 39:240-247.
    • (1970) D Zoo Gart Jena (NF) , vol.39 , pp. 240-247
    • Schroeder, C.R.1
  • 66
    • 2342546070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental enrichment: Past, present and future
    • Shepherdson D. 2003. Environmental enrichment: past, present and future. Int Zoo Yearbook 38:118-124.
    • (2003) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.38 , pp. 118-124
    • Shepherdson, D.1
  • 67
    • 0141500563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of captive breeding programmes to field conservation: Elephants as an example
    • Smith B, Hutchins M. 2000. The value of captive breeding programmes to field conservation: elephants as an example. Pachyderm 28:101-109.
    • (2000) Pachyderm , vol.28 , pp. 101-109
    • Smith, B.1    Hutchins, M.2
  • 68
    • 0036333340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional collection planning for speciose taxonomic groups
    • Smith B, Hutchins M, Allard R, Warmolts D. 2002. Regional collection planning for speciose taxonomic groups. Zoo Biol 21:313-320.
    • (2002) Zoo Biol , vol.21 , pp. 313-320
    • Smith, B.1    Hutchins, M.2    Allard, R.3    Warmolts, D.4
  • 69
    • 84987238966 scopus 로고
    • The millennium ark: How long a voyage, how many staterooms, how many passengers?
    • Soule M, Gilpin M, Conway WG, Foose T. 1986. The millennium ark: how long a voyage, how many staterooms, how many passengers? Zoo Biol 5:101-113.
    • (1986) Zoo Biol , vol.5 , pp. 101-113
    • Soule, M.1    Gilpin, M.2    Conway, W.G.3    Foose, T.4
  • 71
    • 30844468735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific approaches to enrichment and stereotypies in zoo animals: What's been done and where should we go next?
    • Swaisgood RR, Shepherdson DJ. 2005. Scientific approaches to enrichment and stereotypies in zoo animals: what's been done and where should we go next? Zoo Biol 24:499-518.
    • (2005) Zoo Biol , vol.24 , pp. 499-518
    • Swaisgood, R.R.1    Shepherdson, D.J.2
  • 72
    • 84995145246 scopus 로고
    • Zoo research and conservation: Beyond sperm and eggs toward the science of animal management
    • Thompson S. 1993. Zoo research and conservation: beyond sperm and eggs toward the science of animal management. Zoo Biol 12:155-159.
    • (1993) Zoo Biol , vol.12 , pp. 155-159
    • Thompson, S.1
  • 73
    • 57649237604 scopus 로고
    • Ethical perspectives on captive breeding: Is it for the birds?
    • Varner GE, Monroe MC. 1991. Ethical perspectives on captive breeding: is it for the birds? Endangered Species Update 8:27-29.
    • (1991) Endangered Species Update , vol.8 , pp. 27-29
    • Varner, G.E.1    Monroe, M.C.2
  • 74
    • 0036253872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opportunities lost: Zoos and the marsupial that tried to be a wolf
    • Wemmer C. 2002. Opportunities lost: zoos and the marsupial that tried to be a wolf. Zoo Biol 21:1-4.
    • (2002) Zoo Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1-4
    • Wemmer, C.1
  • 75
    • 57649148534 scopus 로고
    • Short history of scientific research in zoological gardens
    • Wemmer C, editor, VA: Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution. p
    • Wemmer C, Thompson SD. 1995. Short history of scientific research in zoological gardens. In: Wemmer C, editor. Zoos and aquariums in transition. Front Royal, VA: Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution. p 70-94.
    • (1995) Zoos and aquariums in transition. Front Royal , pp. 70-94
    • Wemmer, C.1    Thompson, S.D.2
  • 76
    • 57649197955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research by zoos
    • Zimmerman A, Hatchwell M, West C, Lattis R, editors, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p
    • Wharton D. 2007. Research by zoos. In: Zimmerman A, Hatchwell M, West C, Lattis R, editors. Catalysts for conservation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p 178-191.
    • (2007) Catalysts for conservation , pp. 178-191
    • Wharton, D.1
  • 77
    • 0038999977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian elephants are not self sustaining in North America
    • Wiese RJ. 2000. Asian elephants are not self sustaining in North America. Zoo Biol 19:299-309.
    • (2000) Zoo Biol , vol.19 , pp. 299-309
    • Wiese, R.J.1
  • 78
    • 4544378526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of congevity and life expectancy in captive elephants
    • Wiese RJ, Willis K. 2004. Calculation of congevity and life expectancy in captive elephants. Zoo Biol 23:365-373.
    • (2004) Zoo Biol , vol.23 , pp. 365-373
    • Wiese, R.J.1    Willis, K.2
  • 79
    • 33744911652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of reproductive technologies in zoos: Past, present and future
    • Wildt DE. 2003. The role of reproductive technologies in zoos: past, present and future. Int Zoo Yearbook. 38:111-118
    • (2003) Int Zoo Yearbook , vol.38 , pp. 111-118
    • Wildt, D.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.