Processing of straw/corn stover: Comparison of life cycle emissions

International Journal of Green Energy

Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 423-437

  Searcy, Erin ^a   Flynn, Peter C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Agricultural residues; BIGCC; Fisher Tropsch; Life cycle analysis; Lignocellulosic ethanol; Renewable energy

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; AGRICULTURAL WASTES; BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; BIOMASS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON MONOXIDE; COMBUSTION; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; ENERGY CONVERSION; ETHANOL; FOSSIL FUELS; FUELS; GAS EMISSIONS; GAS GENERATORS; GASIFICATION; GASOLINE REFINING; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE GASES; LIFE CYCLE; OXYGEN; PETROLEUM REFINING; PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION; REFINING; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES; THERMOCHEMISTRY;

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; BIGCC; FISHER TROPSCH; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC ETHANOL; RENEWABLE ENERGY;

LEAKAGE (FLUID);

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY; EMISSION; ETHANOL; FOSSIL FUEL; GREENHOUSE GAS; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; RENEWABLE RESOURCE;

ZEA MAYS;

EID: 57649126225     PISSN: 15435075     EISSN: 15435083     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15435070802498010     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Abbott, R., Casey, E., Esen, E., Smith, D., Burke, B., Nguyen, B., Tam, S., Wornach, P., Alam, M., Song, J., Szybist, J., Acharya, R., Zello, V., Morris, D., Flynn, P., Kirby, S., Bhatia, K., Gonder, J., Wang, Y., Liu, W., Meng, H., Velu, S., Shen, J., Gu, W., Bickford, W., Song, C., Wang, C. and Boehman, A. (2006) Evaluation of ultra clean fuels from natural gas, 1, A collaboration of ConocoPhillips, Nexant, Inc., and Pennsylvania State University for the United States Department of Energy, Cooperative agreement DE-FC26-01NT41098
2. Aden, A., Ruth, M., Ibsen, K., Jechura, J., Neeves, K., Sheehan, J. and Wallace, B. (2002) Lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol process design and economics utilizing co-current dilute acid prehydrolysis for corn sStover, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
3. Beer, T., Grant, T., Williams, D. and Watson, H. (2002) Fuel-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from alternative fuels in Australian heavy vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 36, pp. 753-763.
4. Craig, K. and Mann, M. (1996) Cost and performance analysis of biomass-based integrated gasification combined-cycle (BIGCC) power systems, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
5. Environment Canada (2007) National inventory report, greenhouse gas sources and sinks in Canada 1990-2005. The Canadian government's submission to the United Nations framework convention on climate change
6. European Council for Automotive R&D (2006) Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context. Joint report by European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR), Conservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe (CONCAWE) and the Joint Research Council (JRC). Ver
7. European Council for Automotive R&D (2007) Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context. Joint report by European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR), Conservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe (CONCAWE) and the Joint Research Council (JRC). Ver
8. Facanha, C. and Horvath, A. (2007) Evaluation of life-cycle air emission factors of freight transportation. Environmental Science and Technology, 41, pp. 7138-7144.
9. Fleming, J., Habibi, S. and MacLean, H. (2006) Investigating the sustainability of lignocellulosic-derived fuels for light-duty vehicles. Transportation Research Part D, 11, pp. 146-159.
10. Flynn, P. and Kumar, A. (2005) Trip report: Site visit to Alholmens 240 MW power plant, Pietarsaari, Finland, August 29 to September 2, 2005. Prepared for the Biocap, Canada Foundation and the Province of British Columbia
11. Fu, G., Chan, A. and Minns, D. (2003) Life cycle assessment of bio-ethanol derived from cellulose. International Journal of LCA Studies, 8, pp. 137-141.
12. Furuholt, E. (1995) Life cycle assessment of gasoline and diesel. Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, 14, pp. 251-263.
13. Ghafoori, E., Flynn, P. and Feddes, J. (2005) Pipeline vs. truck transport of beef cattle manure. Paper No. 054073, presented at the 2005 ASAE Annual.pp. 17-20. International Meeting, Tampa Convention Center, Tampa, Florida
14. Grant, R., Juma, N., Robertson, J., Izaurralde, R. and McGill, W. (2001) Long-term changes in soil carbon under different fertilizer, manure, and rotation: Testing the mathematical model ecosys with data from the Breton Plots. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, pp. 205-214.
15. Hartmann, M. (1999) Direct Seeding-Estimating the value of crop residues. Agdex.pp. 519-525. Agriculture, Alberta, Canada
16. Henderson, S. and Levelton Engineering Ltd (2000) Assessment of net emissions of greenhouse gases from ethanol-blended gasolines in Canada: Lignocellulosic feedstocks
17. 2 emission, and life-cycle cost assessment of cassava-based ethanol as an alternative fuel in China. Applied Energy, 78, pp. 247-256.
18. Izaurralde, R., McGill, W., Robertson, J., Juma, N. and Thurston, J. (2001) Carbon balance of the Breton classical plots over half a century. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, pp. 431-441.
19. Janzen, H., Campbell, C., Izaurralde, R., Ellert, B., Juma, N., McGill, W. and Zentner, R. (2001) Management effects on soil C storage on the Canadian prairies. Soil & Tillage Research, 47, pp. 181-195.
20. Jenkins, B. M. (1997) A comment on the optimal sizing of a biomass utilization facility under constant and variable cost scaling. Biomass and Bioenergy, 13, pp. 1-9.
21. Kadam, K. (2002) Environmental benefits on a life cycle basis of using bagasse-derived ethanol as a gasoline oxygenate in India. Energy Policy, 30, pp. 371-384.
22. Kumar, A., Cameron, J. and Flynn, P. (2003) Biomass power cost and optimum plant size in western Canada. Biomass and Bioenergy, 24, pp. 445-464.
23. Laohalidanond, K., Heil, J. and Wirtgen, C. (2006) The production of synthetic diesel from biomass. KMITL Science Technology Journal, 6, p. 1.
24. Larson, E., Consonni, S., Katofsky, R., Iisa, K. and Frederick Jr., J. A cost-benefit assessment of gasification-based biorefining in the Kraft pulp and paper industry. U.S. Department of Energy and American Forest and Paper Association, contract DE-FC26-04NT42260
25. Larson, E. and Marrison, C. (1997) Economic scales for first-generation biomass-gasifier/gas turbine combined cycles fueled from energy plantations. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 119, pp. 285-290.
26. Levelton Engineering Ltd (2000) Assessment of net emissions of greenhouse gases from ethanol-blended gasolines in Canada: Lignocellulosic feedstocks, Cross-Sectoral Policy Development Division, Industry Performance and Analysis Directorate, Policy Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Cana
27. Lewis, C. (1997) Fuel and energy production emissions, MEET Project: Methogologies for estimating air pollutant emissions from transport. Task 3.4, Deliverable 20, Contract No. ST-96-SC.204. Project funded under the European Commission under the Transport RTD program of
28. MacLean, H., Lave, L. and Griffin, W. (2004) Alternative transport fuels for the future. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 35, pp. 27-49.
29. MacLean, H., Lave, L., Lankey, R. and Joshi, S. (2000) A life cycle comparison of alternative automobile fuels. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 50, pp. 1769-1779.
30. Mann, M. and Spath, P. (1997) Life cycle assessment of a biomass gasification combined-cycle power system, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
31. Matvinchuk, D. (2002) Plant Manager - Whitecourt Biomass Power Generating Station. Personal communication, Alberta, Canada
32. McAloon, A., Taylor, F., Yee, W., Ibsen, K. and Wooley, R.
33. Nguyen, M. and Prince, R. (1995) A simple rule for bioenergy conversion plant size optimization: Bioethanol from sugar cane and sweet sorghum. Biomass and Bioenergy, 10, pp. 361-365.
34. Overend, R. (1982) The average haul distance and transportation work factors for biomass delivered to a central plant. Biomass, 2, pp. 75-79.
35. 2 emissions of an oil refinery with Aumann-Shapely prices. Energy Economics, 29, pp. 563-577.
36. Prins, M., Ptasinski, K. and Janssen, F. (2004) Exergetic optimization of production process of Fischer - Tropsch fuels from biomass. Fuel Processing Technology, 86, pp. 375-389.
37. Rodrigues, M., Walter, A. and Faaij, A. (2003) Techno-economic analysis of co-fired biomass integrated gasification/combined cycle systems with inclusion of economics of scale. Energy, 28, pp. 1229-1258.
38. Santer, B., Mears, C., Wentz, F., Taylor, K., Glecker, P., Wigley, T., Barnett, T., Boyle, J., Bruggemann, W., Gillett, N., Klein, S., Meehl, G., Nozawa, T., Pierce, D., Stott, P., Washington, W. and Wehner, M. (2007) Identification of human-induced changes in atmospheric moisture content. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.), 104, pp. 15248-15253.
39. Searcy, E. and Flynn, P. (2008) The impact of biomass availability and processing cost on optimum size and processing technology selection. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
40. Searcy, E., Flynn, P., Ghafoori, E. and Kumar, A. (2007) The relative cost of biomass energy transport. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 136, pp. 639-652.
41. Sheehan, J., Aden, A., Paustian, K., Killian, K., Brenner, J., Walsh, M. and Nelson, R. (2004) Energy and environmental aspects of using corn stover for fuel ethanol. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 7, pp. 117-146.
42. Sheehan, J., Camobreco, V., Duffield, J., Graboski, M. and Shapouri, H. (1998) Life cycle inventory of syndiesel and petroleum for use in an urban bus, prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Cuels Development and U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy
43. Singh, M., Cuenca, R., Formento, J., Gaines, L., Marr, B., Santini, D., Wang, M., Adelman, S., Kline, D., Mark, J., Ohi, J., Rau, N., Freeman, S., Humphreys, K. and Placet, M. (1998) Total energy cycle assessment of electricity and conventional vehicles. An energy and environmental analysis, 1, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
44. Spatari, S., Zhang, Y. and Maclean, H. (2005) Life cycle assessment of switchgrass and Corn Stover-Derived Ethanol-Fueled Automobiles. Environmental Science and Technology, 39, pp. 9750-9758.
45. 2 sequestration-Comparing the energy balance, greenhouse gas emission and economics, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
46. Spath, P., Mann, M. and Kerr, D. (1999) Life cycle assessment of coal-fired power production, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
47. Tampier, M., Smith, D., Bibeau, E. and Beauchemin, P. (2004) Identifying environmentally preferable uses for biomass resources, Stage 2 report: Life-cycle GHG emission reduction benefits of selected feedstock-to-product threads. Prepared for Natural Resources Canada and the.National Research Council of Canada by Envirochem Services Inc, North Vancouver, British Columbia
48. Tyson, S. Fuel cycle evaluations of biomass-ethanol and reformulated gasoline. Prepared for the Office of Transportation Technologies and the Office of Planning and Assessment, Assistant Secretary for Energy and Renewable Energy, U.S. DOE by the NREL, Golden, Colorado.
49. 2 capture and storage. Renewable Energy, 32, pp. 1006-1019.
50. Van den Broek, R., Faaij, A. and Wijk, A. Biomass combustion power generation technologies. Background report 4.1 for the EU Joule II + Project: EnergyAfrom biomass: an assessment of two promising systems for energy production.