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Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 480-511

Rus united

(1)  Jowitt, Ken a  

a NONE

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EID: 57449109071     PISSN: 13523279     EISSN: 17439116     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13523270802563593     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (6)

References (136)
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    • The title of the present article is meant to suggest that Russia's 'goal' is to resemble the football team 'Man(chester) United': United, victorious, profitable, disciplined, internationally respected and led by a strong assertive coach with talented assistants. George Breslauer's article on consolidation in the Festscrift for Archie Brown offers a very good definition and comparative application of consolidation understood as stabilization: See George W. Breslauer, 'Regimes of Political Consolidation: The Putin Presidency in Soviet and Post-Soviet Perspective', in Alex Pravda (ed.), Leading Russia: Putin in Perspective: Essays in Honour of Archie Brown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp.37-58.
    • The title of the present article is meant to suggest that Russia's 'goal' is to resemble the football team 'Man(chester) United': United, victorious, profitable, disciplined, internationally respected and led by a strong assertive coach with talented assistants. George Breslauer's article on consolidation in the Festscrift volume for Archie Brown offers a very good definition and comparative application of consolidation understood as stabilization: See George W. Breslauer, 'Regimes of Political Consolidation: The Putin Presidency in Soviet and Post-Soviet Perspective', in Alex Pravda (ed.), Leading Russia: Putin in Perspective: Essays in Honour of Archie Brown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp.37-58.
  • 2
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    • Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press
    • Mary Douglas, How Institutions Think (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1986), p.60.
    • (1986) How Institutions Think , pp. 60
    • Douglas, M.1
  • 3
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    • Moscow "Centre"
    • For the introduction of this metaphor see
    • For the introduction of this metaphor see Ken Jowitt, 'Moscow "Centre"', East European Politics and Societies, Vol.1, No.3 (1978), pp.296-362;
    • (1978) East European Politics and Societies , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 296-362
    • Jowitt, K.1
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    • also in Ken Jowitt, New World Disorder: The Leninist Extinction (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992), ch.5.
    • also in Ken Jowitt, New World Disorder: The Leninist Extinction (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992), ch.5.
  • 5
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    • Any number of passages in Exodus, Leviticus and Deuteronomy make these points
    • Any number of passages in Exodus, Leviticus and Deuteronomy make these points.
  • 8
    • 57449121442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Russian word tusovka is difficult to render into English; it carries connotations of a group of companions, a gang, a band of like-minded individuals.
    • The Russian word tusovka is difficult to render into English; it carries connotations of a group of companions, a gang, a band of like-minded individuals.
  • 10
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    • Plutarch's comment in Connor, The New Politicians, p.121.
    • Plutarch's comment in Connor, The New Politicians, p.121.
  • 13
    • 0004281448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
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    • Plato, The Republic, Vintage Classics ed. (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), pp.19-21.
    • (1991) The Republic , pp. 19-21
    • Plato1
  • 14
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    • News conference of presidential aide Vladislav Surkov, deputy head of the presidential administration, on the official website of the G8 presidency of the Russian Federation in 2006, at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • News conference of presidential aide Vladislav Surkov, deputy head of the presidential administration, on the official website of the G8 presidency of the Russian Federation in 2006, at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 15
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    • Vladimir Putin, Annual Address to the Federal Assembly, 10 May 2006, at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • Vladimir Putin, Annual Address to the Federal Assembly, 10 May 2006, at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 16
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    • trans. Sir Richard Livingstone New York: Oxford University Press
    • Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Sir Richard Livingstone (New York: Oxford University Press, 1960), p.130.
    • (1960) The History of the Peloponnesian War , pp. 130
    • Thucydides1
  • 17
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    • Russia and the West, Taking the Longer View
    • Quoted in, p.128
    • Quoted in Jeffrey Mankoff, 'Russia and the West, Taking the Longer View', The Washington Quarterly, Vol.30, No.2 (2007), pp.123-35 (p.128).
    • (2007) The Washington Quarterly , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-135
    • Mankoff, J.1
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    • 33947358595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russia Redefines Itself and its Relations with the West
    • p.98
    • Dmitri Trenin, 'Russia Redefines Itself and its Relations with the West', The Washington Quarterly, Vol.30, No.2 (2007), pp.95-105 (p.98).
    • (2007) The Washington Quarterly , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-105
    • Trenin, D.1
  • 19
    • 57449099935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In fact, Pluto is no longer considered a planet at all, but the metaphor, not the science, is the point
    • In fact, Pluto is no longer considered a planet at all, but the metaphor, not the science, is the point.
  • 20
    • 34548661733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robert Kagan, 'End of Dreams, Return of History', Policy Review, Sept. 2007, p.25, available at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • Robert Kagan, 'End of Dreams, Return of History', Policy Review, Sept. 2007, p.25, available at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 21
    • 57449104764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stephen E. Hanson, 'Russian Nationalism in a Post-Ideological Age' (manuscript). This is a remarkably astute handling of ideology, the significance of its absence and its dangerous substitute, 'ressentiment'. On the latter as a political emotion, see Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp.15-16.
    • Stephen E. Hanson, 'Russian Nationalism in a Post-Ideological Age' (manuscript). This is a remarkably astute handling of ideology, the significance of its absence and its dangerous substitute, 'ressentiment'. On the latter as a political emotion, see Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp.15-16.
  • 24
    • 36348996560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between Assertiveness and Insecurity: Russian Elite Attitudes and the Russian-Georgian Crisis
    • Gail Lapidus, 'Between Assertiveness and Insecurity: Russian Elite Attitudes and the Russian-Georgian Crisis', Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol.23, No.2 (2007), pp.138-156.
    • (2007) Post-Soviet Affairs , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-156
    • Lapidus, G.1
  • 28
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    • Mineola, NY: Dover Publications
    • William James, The Will to Believe (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1956), pp.227-8.
    • (1956) The Will to Believe , pp. 227-228
    • James, W.1
  • 29
    • 57449102668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stephen E. Hanson has made this telling point in several of his articles
    • Stephen E. Hanson has made this telling point in several of his articles.
  • 31
    • 0038150389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dale R. Herspring ed, 3rd ed, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
    • Dale R. Herspring (ed.), Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain, 3rd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), p.3.
    • (2007) Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain , pp. 3
  • 32
    • 38049170821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Michael McFaul and Kathryn Stoner-Weiss, 'The Myth of the Authoritarian Model: How Putin's Crackdown Holds Russia Back', Foreign Affairs, Jan.-Feb. 2008, p.84, at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • See Michael McFaul and Kathryn Stoner-Weiss, 'The Myth of the Authoritarian Model: How Putin's Crackdown Holds Russia Back', Foreign Affairs, Jan.-Feb. 2008, p.84, at accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 33
    • 1442328360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For an expression of the very opposite view, see Andrei Schleifer and Daniel Treisman, 'A Normal Country', Foreign Affairs, March-April 2004, at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • For an expression of the very opposite view, see Andrei Schleifer and Daniel Treisman, 'A Normal Country', Foreign Affairs, March-April 2004, at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 34
    • 57449099385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schleifer and Treisman do note that Russia's thermonuclear status is far from normal; however, they fail to note that most 'normal' countries, unlike Russia, do not aspire to be a Great Power.
    • Schleifer and Treisman do note that Russia's thermonuclear status is far from normal; however, they fail to note that most 'normal' countries, unlike Russia, do not aspire to be a Great Power.
  • 35
    • 57449090956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quoted in Richard Sakwa's superb essay, 'Putin's Leadership', in Herspring, Putin's Russia, pp.13-36.
    • Quoted in Richard Sakwa's superb essay, 'Putin's Leadership', in Herspring, Putin's Russia, pp.13-36.
  • 36
    • 57449089447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Franz Schurmann, Ideology and Organization in Communist China (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1968), p.22:
    • Franz Schurmann, Ideology and Organization in Communist China (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1968), p.22:
  • 37
    • 57449121441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Pure ideology is a set of ideas designed to give the individual a unified and conscious world view; practical ideology contributes to the creation of effective organization'. Schurmann goes on to suggest that nationalism per se leads to organizational weakness and political instability.
    • 'Pure ideology is a set of ideas designed to give the individual a unified and conscious world view; practical ideology contributes to the creation of effective organization'. Schurmann goes on to suggest that nationalism per se leads to organizational weakness and political instability.
  • 38
    • 43549113582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russia's Transition to Autocracy'
    • Pierre Hassner, 'Russia's Transition to Autocracy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.19, No.2 (2008), pp.5-15.
    • (2008) Journal of Democracy , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 5-15
    • Hassner, P.1
  • 41
    • 57449101362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alexander Lomonov, 'TransitionWithout a Destination', Russia in Global Affairs, No.2 (2008), at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • Alexander Lomonov, 'TransitionWithout a Destination', Russia in Global Affairs, No.2 (2008), at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 43
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    • New York: Anchor Books
    • Goethe, Faust (New York: Anchor Books, 1961), p.253.
    • (1961) Faust , pp. 253
    • Goethe1
  • 44
    • 57449099934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One can argue that Stalin, Mao, and Hitler were autocrats but one immediately encounters the concept stretching issue. All three are best understood as revolutionary ideological leaders not only leaders with a 'sultanist' concentration of power.
    • One can argue that Stalin, Mao, and Hitler were autocrats but one immediately encounters the concept stretching issue. All three are best understood as revolutionary ideological leaders not only leaders with a 'sultanist' concentration of power.
  • 46
    • 85044913456 scopus 로고
    • Ataturk as Founder of a State', Philosophers and Kings: Studies in Leadership
    • Quoted in, Summer
    • Quoted in Dankwart A. Rustow, 'Ataturk as Founder of a State', Philosophers and Kings: Studies in Leadership, Daedalus, Summer 1968, pp.793-829.
    • (1968) Daedalus , pp. 793-829
    • Rustow, D.A.1
  • 47
    • 57449115952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In this regard, one should read Stephen E. Hanson, Time and Revolution: Marxism and the Design of Soviet Institutions (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), for the most original and compelling treatment of charismatic time.
    • In this regard, one should read Stephen E. Hanson, Time and Revolution: Marxism and the Design of Soviet Institutions (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), for the most original and compelling treatment of charismatic time.
  • 49
    • 57449116416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vladimir Putin, Annual Address to the Federal Assembly, 26 April 2007, at , accessed 16 Oct. 2007.
    • Vladimir Putin, Annual Address to the Federal Assembly, 26 April 2007, at , accessed 16 Oct. 2007.
  • 50
    • 57449117771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Vladislav Surkov's Secret Speech: How Russia Should Fight International Conspiracies', excerpt available at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • 'Vladislav Surkov's Secret Speech: How Russia Should Fight International Conspiracies', excerpt available at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 51
    • 57449106542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orest Ranum, 'Court and Capital', in his Louis XIV's Versailles (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1986), pp.274-5.
    • Orest Ranum, 'Court and Capital', in his Louis XIV's Versailles (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1986), pp.274-5.
  • 52
    • 57449097044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zeynep Kezar, The Making of a National Capital: Ideology and Socio-spacial Practices in Early Republican Ankara, Doctoral dissertation, Department of Architecture, University of California - Berkeley, 1999. Of course, the creation of a new capital can also indicate a leadership whose new way of life is based on a hysterical-paranoid fear of contamination, as appears to be the case in Myanmar, with the construction of Naypyidaw; the Taipings are another case.
    • Zeynep Kezar, The Making of a National Capital: Ideology and Socio-spacial Practices in Early Republican Ankara, Doctoral dissertation, Department of Architecture, University of California - Berkeley, 1999. Of course, the creation of a new capital can also indicate a leadership whose new way of life is based on a hysterical-paranoid fear of contamination, as appears to be the case in Myanmar, with the construction of Naypyidaw; the Taipings are another case.
  • 53
    • 36348931024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering Victory: Institutional Reform, Informal Institutions, and the Formation of a Hegemonic Party in the Russian Federation
    • Regina Smyth, Anna Lowry and Brandon Wilkening, 'Engineering Victory: Institutional Reform, Informal Institutions, and the Formation of a Hegemonic Party in the Russian Federation', Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol.23, No.2 (2007), pp.118-37.
    • (2007) Post-Soviet Affairs , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 118-137
    • Smyth, R.1    Lowry, A.2    Wilkening, B.3
  • 55
    • 57449097858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Again, I refer the reader to Stephen E. Hanson's superb set of articles on ideology.
    • Again, I refer the reader to Stephen E. Hanson's superb set of articles on ideology.
  • 56
    • 0002252980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • rev. ed, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press
    • M.I. Finley, Democracy: Ancient and Modern, rev. ed. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996), p.40.
    • (1996) Democracy: Ancient and Modern , pp. 40
    • Finley, M.I.1
  • 60
    • 0003728774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Random House
    • Putin, First Person (London: Random House, 2000), p.67.
    • (2000) First Person , pp. 67
    • Putin1
  • 63
    • 43549092748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsar Putin's Power'
    • 22 Nov
    • Sergei Kovalev, 'Tsar Putin's Power', New York Review of Books, 22 Nov. 2007, pp.64-5.
    • (2007) New York Review of Books , pp. 64-65
    • Kovalev, S.1
  • 65
    • 57449105761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p.34.
    • Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p.34.
  • 68
    • 57449093440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thucydides, The Peloponnesian Wars, pp.267, 269, 270. As Putin said after the Beslan school siege of 2004, 'the weak get beaten'. Saakashvili, who is by no means the innocent Melian, might have done well to have read these passages along with the following: '⋯. if you reflect calmly ⋯ this is not a competition in heroism between equals, where your honor is at state, but a question of selfpreservation, to save you from a struggle with a far stronger power' (p.269);
    • Thucydides, The Peloponnesian Wars, pp.267, 269, 270. As Putin said after the Beslan school siege of 2004, 'the weak get beaten'. Saakashvili, who is by no means the innocent Melian, might have done well to have read these passages along with the following: '⋯. if you reflect calmly ⋯ this is not a competition in heroism between equals, where your honor is at state, but a question of selfpreservation, to save you from a struggle with a far stronger power' (p.269);
  • 69
    • 57449084052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and 'You [Georgia] are weak, your future hangs on a turn of the scales, avoid the mistake most men make, who might save themselves by human means, and then, when visible hopes desert them, in their extremity turn to the invisible - prophecies and oracles and all those things which delude men with hopes [presumed American promises to help], to their destruction' (pp.269-70). As for Putin, the major motive for Russian military action was undoubtedly Georgia's obsessive push to join NATO and Saakashvili's lèse majesté attitude towards Russia which added Putin's fury to his realpolitik.
    • and 'You [Georgia] are weak, your future hangs on a turn of the scales, avoid the mistake most men make, who might save themselves by human means, and then, when visible hopes desert them, in their extremity turn to the invisible - prophecies and oracles and all those things which delude men with hopes [presumed American promises to help], to their destruction' (pp.269-70). As for Putin, the major motive for Russian military action was undoubtedly Georgia's obsessive push to join NATO and Saakashvili's lèse majesté attitude towards Russia which added Putin's fury to his realpolitik.
  • 70
    • 57449107897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview with newspaper journalists from G8 member countries, 4 June 2007, available at <>, accessed 17 Oct. 2008
    • Interview with newspaper journalists from G8 member countries, 4 June 2007, available at , accessed 17 Oct. 2008
  • 72
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    • Vladimir Putin's Political Choice: Towards Bureaucratic Authoritarianism
    • See, Pravda ed
    • See Lilia Shevtsova, 'Vladimir Putin's Political Choice: Towards Bureaucratic Authoritarianism', in Pravda (ed.), Leading Russia, pp.229-53.
    • Leading Russia , pp. 229-253
    • Shevtsova, L.1
  • 73
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    • See, London: George Allen & Unwin
    • See Eli P. Heckscher, Mercantilism (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1931), Vol.1, p.22.
    • (1931) Mercantilism , vol.1 , pp. 22
    • Heckscher, E.P.1
  • 74
    • 0010939280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russia: Privatization and Illegalization of Social and Political Life
    • p.75
    • Vladimir Shlapentokh, 'Russia: Privatization and Illegalization of Social and Political Life', The Washington Quarterly, Vol.19, No.1 (1996), pp.65-85 (p.75).
    • (1996) The Washington Quarterly , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-85
    • Shlapentokh, V.1
  • 75
    • 33947388767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russian Transimperialism and its Implications
    • This is a very rich article and should be considered in conjunction with Weber, Barma and Ratner's argument about the emerging world economy
    • Celeste A. Wallender, 'Russian Transimperialism and its Implications', The Washington Quarterly, Vol.30, No.2 (2007), pp.107-22. This is a very rich article and should be considered in conjunction with Weber, Barma and Ratner's argument about the emerging world economy.
    • (2007) The Washington Quarterly , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-122
    • Wallender, C.A.1
  • 76
    • 57449102793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p.277.
    • Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p.277.
  • 78
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    • Putin as Patron: Cadres Policy in the Russian Transition
    • Pravda ed
    • Eugene Huskey, 'Putin as Patron: Cadres Policy in the Russian Transition', in Pravda (ed.), Leading Russia, pp.161-78.
    • Leading Russia , pp. 161-178
    • Huskey, E.1
  • 79
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    • See, New York: Pantheon Books
    • See Norbert Elias, The Court Society (New York: Pantheon Books, 1983), p.148,
    • (1983) The Court Society , pp. 148
    • Elias, N.1
  • 80
    • 57449114396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and the same author's Power and Civility (New York: Pantheon Books, 1982), p.259. It is important to note his observation that 'even the courtier knight is first and foremost still a warrior and his life an almost uninterrupted chain of wars, feuds and violence'.
    • and the same author's Power and Civility (New York: Pantheon Books, 1982), p.259. It is important to note his observation that 'even the courtier knight is first and foremost still a warrior and his life an almost uninterrupted chain of wars, feuds and violence'.
  • 82
    • 57449083868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Don Vito Coreleone is the principal character in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather.
    • Don Vito Coreleone is the principal character in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather.
  • 83
    • 57449120139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Herald Tribune, 15 May
    • International Herald Tribune, 15 May 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 85
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    • Ivan Sukhov, 'The Power Vertical and the Nation's Self-Consciousness', Russia in Global Affairs, No.2 (2008), at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • Ivan Sukhov, 'The Power Vertical and the Nation's Self-Consciousness', Russia in Global Affairs, No.2 (2008), at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 86
    • 57449118967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quoted in Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p.257.
    • Quoted in Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, p.257.
  • 89
  • 90
    • 57449096016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I have addressed the external features of mercantilism in my discussion of consolidation
    • I have addressed the external features of mercantilism in my discussion of consolidation.
  • 93
    • 57449117357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vladimir Putin, Annual Address to the Federal Assembly, 16 May 2003, at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
    • Vladimir Putin, Annual Address to the Federal Assembly, 16 May 2003, at , accessed 16 Oct. 2008.
  • 95
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    • New York: W.W. Norton
    • Peter Gay, The Enlightenment (New York: W.W. Norton, 1977), p.24.
    • (1977) The Enlightenment , pp. 24
    • Gay, P.1
  • 97
    • 57449103822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putin and Foreign Policy
    • ed, p.197
    • Andrei P. Tsyganov, 'Putin and Foreign Policy', in Herspring (ed.), Putin's Russia, pp.195-219 (p.197).
    • Putin's Russia , pp. 195-219
    • Tsyganov, A.P.1
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    • Putin's Foreign Policy Choices
    • ed, p.266
    • Andrei Grachev, 'Putin's Foreign Policy Choices', in Pravda (ed.), Leading Russia, pp.255-73 (p.266).
    • Leading Russia , pp. 255-273
    • Grachev, A.1
  • 99
    • 57449114600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The United States' ambassador to Russia between 1997 and 2001, James Collins, has said: 'We have probably failed to understand that the Russians are really quite serious when they say, We have interests and are going to defend themW⋯. Russia does have interests, and at some point they're going to stand up and draw lines that are not simply to be ignored'.
    • The United States' ambassador to Russia between 1997 and 2001, James Collins, has said: 'We have probably failed to understand that the Russians are really quite serious when they say, "We have interests and are going to defend themW"⋯. Russia does have interests, and at some point they're going to stand up and draw lines that are not simply to be ignored'.
  • 100
    • 57449099933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See also the very thorough piece by Helene Cooper, C.J. Chivers and Clifford J. Levy in the International Herald Tribune, 19 Aug. 2008, p.3. In the same issue the former Estonian prime minister makes the case that Russia is an imperialist not mercantilist state (p.6);
    • See also the very thorough piece by Helene Cooper, C.J. Chivers and Clifford J. Levy in the International Herald Tribune, 19 Aug. 2008, p.3. In the same issue the former Estonian prime minister makes the case that Russia is an imperialist not mercantilist state (p.6);
  • 101
    • 57449111979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and in the edition of 26 August 2008, Simon Sebag Montefiore argues in his article 'In the Shadow of the Red Czar' that, regarding Georgia, 'As colonial puppeteer and successful restorer of Russia as imperial superpower, Putin is Stalin's consummate heir'. I disagree; but clearly the question 'mercantilist or imperialist?' - or better, the relation between the two - deserves an article of its own.
    • and in the edition of 26 August 2008, Simon Sebag Montefiore argues in his article 'In the Shadow of the Red Czar' that, regarding Georgia, 'As colonial puppeteer and successful restorer of Russia as imperial superpower, Putin is Stalin's consummate heir'. I disagree; but clearly the question 'mercantilist or imperialist?' - or better, the relation between the two - deserves an article of its own.
  • 105
    • 57449109181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metaphorically these orientations can be matched with the French Revolution's trinity of liberty - the civic, equality - the state, and fraternity - the ethnic.
    • Metaphorically these orientations can be matched with the French Revolution's trinity of liberty - the civic, equality - the state, and fraternity - the ethnic.
  • 106
    • 0039954243 scopus 로고
    • See, in particular, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • See, in particular, Donald W. Hanson, From Kingdom to Commonwealth (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970),
    • (1970) From Kingdom to Commonwealth
    • Hanson, D.W.1
  • 107
    • 57449108571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and of course Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991).
    • and of course Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991).
  • 109
    • 57449100733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rob Hughes, 'Amid Zenit's joy, trouble in Manchester after UEFA Cup', International Herald Tribune, 16 May 2008, available at , accessed 17 Oct. 2008.
    • Rob Hughes, 'Amid Zenit's joy, trouble in Manchester after UEFA Cup', International Herald Tribune, 16 May 2008, available at , accessed 17 Oct. 2008.
  • 110
    • 57449088264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More interesting was Putin's assertion in his interview with Time magazine that 'a person who works for an international audience can never be a leader in his own country. He should think of the interests of his own people and speak in their native language'. Interview given 12 December 2007, released on Official Web Portal, President of Russia, 19 December 2007, available at . The examples of the last Shah of Iran, Anwar Sadat and Mikhail Gorbachev, who at times had more international than national support, speaks to this point.
    • More interesting was Putin's assertion in his interview with Time magazine that 'a person who works for an international audience can never be a leader in his own country. He should think of the interests of his own people and speak in their native language'. Interview given 12 December 2007, released on Official Web Portal, President of Russia, 19 December 2007, available at . The examples of the last Shah of Iran, Anwar Sadat and Mikhail Gorbachev, who at times had more international than national support, speaks to this point.
  • 111
    • 42649117567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putin's Reform of the Russian Federation
    • Quoted in, ed, p.215
    • Quoted in Neil Melvin, 'Putin's Reform of the Russian Federation', in Pravda (ed.), Leading Russia, pp.203-27 (p.215).
    • Leading Russia , pp. 203-227
    • Melvin, N.1
  • 115
    • 57449102792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seymour Martin Lipset's distinction between effectiveness and legitimacy is directly relevant to the Russian situation under Putin: 'Effectiveness means actual performance, the extent to which the system satisfies the basic functions of government as most of the population and such powerful groups within it as big business or the armed forces see them. Legitimacy involves the capacity of the system to engender and maintain the belief that the existing political institutions are the most appropriate ones for the society': See Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960), p.64.
    • Seymour Martin Lipset's distinction between effectiveness and legitimacy is directly relevant to the Russian situation under Putin: 'Effectiveness means actual performance, the extent to which the system satisfies the basic functions of government as most of the population and such powerful groups within it as big business or the armed forces see them. Legitimacy involves the capacity of the system to engender and maintain the belief that the existing political institutions are the most appropriate ones for the society': See Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960), p.64.
  • 116
    • 84971169641 scopus 로고
    • Power versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
    • p.7
    • Jacob Viner, 'Power versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries', World Politics, Vol.1, No.1 (1948), pp.1-29 (p.7).
    • (1948) World Politics , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-29
    • Viner, J.1
  • 118
    • 57449114216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview with Time magazine, 12 December 2007
    • Interview with Time magazine, 12 December 2007.
  • 119
    • 57449086894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Address to the Federal Assembly
    • Address to the Federal Assembly, 2003.
    • (2003)
  • 121
    • 57449097444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Baker and Slusser, Ch.8.
    • See Baker and Slusser, Ch.8.
  • 123
    • 57449108157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putin, interview with Time magazine, 2007.
    • Putin, interview with Time magazine, 2007.
  • 124
    • 57449116179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surkov, news conference, 2006
    • Surkov, news conference, 2006.
  • 125
    • 57449116415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
  • 126
    • 57449091367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • My colleague Steven Hanson has suggested this term and I find it fits perfectly the antagonistic contradiction implied in the term patriot-king, with its inability to resolve the competing deductive and inductive imperatives
    • My colleague Steven Hanson has suggested this term and I find it fits perfectly the antagonistic contradiction implied in the term patriot-king, with its inability to resolve the competing deductive and inductive imperatives.
  • 127
    • 57449104028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Collins
    • Oscar Wilde, Complete Works (London: Collins, 2001), pp.647-89.
    • (2001) Complete Works , pp. 647-689
    • Wilde, O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.