Relationship of dynamic seat ratings to real-world neck injury rates

Traffic Injury Prevention

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 561-567

  Farmer, Charles M ^a   Zuby, David S ^a   Wells, Joann K ^a   Hellinga, Laurie A ^a  

^a Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Head restraints; Insurance claims; Whiplash

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CAR; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FACTUAL DATABASE; FEMALE; HELMET; HUMAN; INSURANCE; MALE; NECK INJURY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SAFETY; SEX DIFFERENCE; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; AUTOMOBILES; CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY; DATABASES, FACTUAL; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; HEAD PROTECTIVE DEVICES; HUMANS; INSURANCE CLAIM REPORTING; MALE; NECK INJURIES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEX FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 57349197238     PISSN: 15389588     EISSN: 1538957X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15389580802393041     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Cullen E, Stabler KM, MacKay GM, Parkin S. (1996) Head Restraint Positioning and Occupant Safety in Rear Impacts: The Case for Smart Restraints. Proc. 1996 International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts, pp. 137-152.
2. Edwards M, Smith S, Zuby DS, Lund AK. (2005) Improved Seat and Head Restraint Evaluations. Proc. 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper No. 05-0374.
3. Farmer CM, Wells JK, Werner JV. (1999) Relationship of Head Restraint Positioning to Driver Neck Injury in Rear-End Crashes. Accid. Anal. Prev., Vol. 31, pp. 719-728.
4. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. (2003) Adjustable Restraints: Many Aren't High Enough. Status Report, Vol. 38(9), p. 3.
5. Insurance Research Council. (2003) Auto Injury Claims: Countrywide Patterns in Treatment, Cost, and Compensation. Insurance Research Council, Malvern, PA.
6. Krafft M, Kullgren A, Lie A, Tingvall C. (2003) The Risk of Whiplash Injury in the Rear Seat Compared to the Front Seat in Rear Impacts. Traffic Inj. Prev., Vol. 4, pp. 136-140.
7. Kullgren A, Krafft M, Lie A, Tingvall C. (2007) The Effect of Whiplash Protection Systems in Real-Life Crashes and Their Correlation to Consumer Crash Test Programmes. Proc. 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper No. 07-0468.
8. Lundell B, Jakobsson L, Alfredsson B, Jernstrom C, Isaksson-Hellman I. (1998) Guidelines for and the Design of a Car Seat Concept for Improved Protection against Neck Injuries in Rear End Car Impacts. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA. SAE-980301,
9. Maag U, Tao X. (1993) Neck Sprains in Car Crashes: Incidence, Associations, Length of Compensation and Costs to the Insurer. Proc. 37th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, pp. 15-26.
10. Matsubayashi K, Yamada Y, Iyoda M, Koike S, Kawasaki T, Tokuda M. (2007) Development of Rear Pre-Crash Safety System for Rear-End Collisions. Proc. 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper No. 07-0146.
11. Najm WG, Stearns MD, Howarth H, Koopmann J, Hitz J. (2006) Evaluation of an Automotive Rear-End Collision Avoidance System. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Report No. DOTHS-810-569.
12. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2004) Final Regulatory Impact Analysis: FMVSS No. 202 Head Restraints for Passenger Vehicles. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Docket no. NHTSA-2004-19807.
13. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2007) Traffic Safety Facts 2005. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Report No. DOT-HS-810-631.
14. Research Triangle Institute. (2004) SUDAAN Language Manual, Release 9.0. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC.
15. Sekizuka M. (1998) Seat Designs for Whiplash Injury Lessening. Proc. 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, pp. 1570-1578.
16. Temming J, Zobel R. (1998) Frequency and Risk of Cervical Spine Distortion Injuries in Passenger Car Accidents: Significance of Human Factors Data. Proc. 1998 International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, pp. 219-233.
17. Viano DC, Gargan MF. (1996) Seating Position and Head Restraint Location during Normal Driving: Implications to Neck Injury Risks in Rear Crashes. Accid. Anal. Prev., Vol. 28, pp. 665-674.
18. Viano DC, Olsen, S. (2001) The Effectiveness of Active Head Restraint in Preventing Whiplash. J. Trauma, Vol. 51, pp. 959-969.
19. Voo L, McGee B, Merkle A, Kleinberger M, Kuppa S. (2007) Performance of Seats with Active Head Restraints in Rear Impacts. Proc. 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper No. 07-0041.
20. Watanabe Y, Ito S. (2007) Influence of Vehicle Properties and Human Attributes on Neck Injuries in Rear-End Collisions. Proc. 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Paper No. 07-0160.
21. Wiklund K, Larsson H. (1998) Saab Active Head Restraint (SAHR) - Seat Design to Reduce the Risk of Neck Injuries in Rear Impacts. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA. SAE-980297.
22. Zhang J, Yu KF. (1998) What's the Relative Risk? A Method of Correcting the Odds Ratio in Cohort Studies of Common Outcomes. JAMA, Vol. 280, pp. 1690-1691.