Structure, transport and potential vorticity of the Gulf Stream at 68°W: Revisiting older data sets with new techniques

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 41-60

  Meinen, Christopher S ^a   Luther, Douglas S ^b   Baringer, Molly O ^a  

^a ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Gulf Stream; IES; Inverted echo sounder; PIES; Stream coordinates; Western boundary current

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC DEVICES; STREAM FLOW; VORTICITY;

GULF STREAM; IES; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDER; PIES; STREAM COORDINATES; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT;

OCEAN CURRENTS;

BAROCLINIC WAVE; BAROTROPIC WAVE; BOUNDARY CURRENT; ECHO SOUNDER; INTERPOLATION; STREAMFLOW; VORTICITY;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF STREAM;

EID: 57349108844     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.010     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bendat J.S., and Piersol G. Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures (1986), Wiley-Interscience, New York 566pp
2. Bower A.S., and Hogg N.G. Structure of the Gulf Stream and its recirculations at 55°W. Journal of Physical Oceanography 26 6 (1996) 1002-1022
3. Cronin M., and Watts D.R. Eddy-mean flow interaction in the Gulf Stream at 68°W. Part I: Eddy energetics. Journal of Physical Oceanography 26 10 (1996) 2107-2131
4. Davis R.E. Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 6 3 (1976) 249-266
5. Davis R.E. Techniques for statistical analysis and prediction of geophysical fluid systems. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 8 (1977) 245-277
6. Del Grosso V.A. New equation for the speed of sound in natural waters (with comparisons to other equations). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 56 (1974) 1084-1091
7. Emery W.J., and Thomson R.E. Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography (1998), Elsevier, New York 634pp
8. Fofonoff N.P. Dynamics of ocean currents. The Sea: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas vol. 1 (1962), Wiley-Interscience, New York 323-396 (Chapter 3)
9. Gill A.E. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics (1982), Academic Press, San Diego 662pp
10. Halkin D., and Rossby T. The structure and transport of the Gulf Stream at 73°W. Journal of Physical Oceanography 15 11 (1985) 1439-1452
11. He Y., Watts D.R., and Tracey K.L. Determining geostrophic velocity shear profiles with inverted echo sounders. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 C3 (1998) 5607-5622
12. Hogg N.G. On the transport of the Gulf Stream between Cape Hatteras and the Grand Banks. Deep-Sea Research 39 (1992) 1231-1246
13. Hummon J.M., and Rossby T. Spatial and temporal evolution of a Gulf Stream crest-warm core ring interaction. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 C2 (1998) 2795-2809
14. Johns E., Watts D.R., and Rossby H.T. A test of geostrophy in the Gulf Stream. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 C3 (1989) 3211-3222
15. Johns W.E., Shay T.J., Bane J.M., and Watts D.R. Gulf Stream structure, transport, and recirculation near 68°W. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 C1 (1995) 817-838
16. Johns W.E., Kanzow T., and Zantopp R. Estimating ocean transports with dynamic height moorings: an application in the Atlantic deep western boundary current. Deep-Sea Research I 52 8 (2005) 1542-1567 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.02.002
17. Joyce T.M. Velocity and hydrographic structure of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring. Journal of Physical Oceanography 14 5 (1984) 936-947
18. Joyce T.M., Wunsch C., and Pierce S.D. Synoptic Gulf Stream velocity profiles through simultaneous inversion of hydrographic and acoustic Doppler data. Journal of Geophysical Research 91 C6 (1986) 7573-7585
19. Kim H.-S., and Watts D.R. An observational streamfunction in the Gulf Stream. Journal of Physical Oceanography 24 12 (1994) 2639-2657
20. Leaman K.D., Johns E., and Rossby T. The average distribution of volume transport and potential vorticity with temperature at three sections across the Gulf Stream. Journal of Physical Oceanography 19 1 (1989) 36-50
21. Lee T., and Cornillon P. Propagation of Gulf Stream meanders between 74° and 70°W. Journal of Physical Oceanography 26 2 (1996) 205-224
22. Lindstrom S.S., and Watts D.R. Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream near 68°W. Journal of Physical Oceanography 24 11 (1994) 2321-2333
23. Lindstrom S.S., Qian X., and Watts D.R. Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream and its relation to meanders. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 C4 (1997) 8485-8503
24. Logoutov O., Sutyrin G., and Watts D.R. Potential vorticity structure across the Gulf Stream: observations and a PV-gradient model. Journal of Physical Oceanography 31 2 (2001) 637-644
25. Lozier M.S., Owens W.B., and Curry R.G. The climatology of the North Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography 36 (1995) 1-44
26. Meinen C.S., and Luther D.S. Comparison of methods of estimating mean synoptic current structure in "stream coordinates" reference frames with an example from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Research I 50 (2003) 201-220
27. Meinen C.S., and Watts D.R. Further evidence that the sound speed algorithm of Del Grosso is more accurate than that of Chen and Millero. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102 4 (1997) 2058-2062
28. Meinen C.S., and Watts D.R. Vertical structure and transport on a transect across the North Atlantic Current near 42°N: time series and mean. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 C9 (2000) 21869-21891
29. Meinen C.S., Garzoli S.L., Johns W.E., and Baringer M.O. Transport variability of the deep western boundary current and the Antilles Current off Abaco Island, Bahamas. Deep-Sea Research I 51 (2004) 1397-1415
30. Pickart R.S., and Watts D.R. Deep western boundary current variability at Cape Hatteras. Journal of Marine Research 48 (1990) 765-791
31. Pickart R.S., and Watts D.R. Using the inverted echo sounder to measure vertical profiles of Gulf Stream temperature and geostrophic velocity. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 7 2 (1990) 146-156
32. Rossby T. On monitoring depth variations of the main thermocline acoustically. Journal of Geophysical Research 74 23 (1969) 5542-5546
33. Rossby T., and Zhang H.-M. The near-surface velocity and potential vorticity structure of the Gulf Stream. Journal of Marine Research 59 (2001) 949-975
34. Sciremammano Jr. F. A suggestion for the presentation of correlations and their significance levels. Journal of Physical Oceanography 9 11 (1979) 1273-1276
35. Shay T.J., Bane J.M., Watts D.R., and Tracey K.L. Gulf Stream flow field and events near 68°W. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 C11 (1995) 22565-22589
36. Smith W.H.F., and Sandwell D.T. Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings. Science 277 5334 (1997) 1956-1962
37. Tracey K.L., Howden S.D., and Watts D.R. IES calibration and mapping procedures. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 14 6 (1997) 1483-1493
38. Watts D.R., and Kontoyiannis H. Deep-ocean bottom pressure measurement: drift removal and performance. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 7 2 (1990) 296-306
39. Watts D.R., and Rossby H.T. Measuring dynamic heights with inverted echo sounders: results from MODE. Journal of Physical Oceanography 7 (1977) 345-358
40. Watts D.R., Tracey K.L., Bane J.M., and Shay T.J. Gulf Stream path and thermocline structure near 74°W and 68°W. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 C9 (1995) 18291-18312
41. Watts D.R., Sun C., and Rintoul S. A two-dimensional gravest empirical mode determined from hydrographic observations in the subantarctic front. Journal of Physical Oceanography 31 8 (2001) 2186-2209
42. Watts D.R., Qian X., and Tracey K.L. Mapping Abyssal current and pressure fields under the meandering Gulf Stream. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 18 6 (2001) 1052-1067
43. Worthington L.V. The 18° water in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 5 (1959) 297-305