Indigenous geography, GIS, and land-use planning on the bois forte reservation

American Indian Culture and Research Journal

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 139-151

  Smith, Laura ^a  

^a MACALESTER COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57249116267     PISSN: 01616463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17953/aicr.32.3.9618847310q4r583     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Robert Rundstrom, Douglas Deur, Kate Berry, and Dick Winchell, "Recent Geographical Research on Indians and Inuit in the United States and Canada," American Indian Culture and Research Journal 24, no. 2 (2000): 85-110.
2. In the GIS and society debate, see, e.g., Sarah Elwood and Helga Leitner, "GIS and Community-Based Planning: Exploring the Diversity of Neighborhood Perspectives and Needs," Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25, no. 2 (1998): 77-88;
3. Trevor Harris and Daniel Weiner, "Empowerment, Marginalization, and 'Community-Integrated' GIS," Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25, no. 2 (1998): 67-76;
4. Nancy J. Obermeyer, "The Evolution of Public Participation GIS," Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 25, no. 2 (1998): 65-66.
5. For GIS and Indigenous peoples, see Robert A. Rundstrom, "GIS, Indigenous Peoples, and Epistemological Diversity," Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22, no. 1 (1995): 45-57;
6. Frank Duerden and Richard G. Kuhn, "The Application of Geographic Information Systems by First Nations and Government in Northern Canada," Cartographica 33, no. 2 (1996): 49-62.
7. Rundstrom et al., "Recent Geographical Research," 97.
8. Daniel Weiner, Timothy A. Warner, Trevor M. Harris, and Richard M. Levin, "Apartheid Representations in a Digital Landscape: GIS, Remote Sensing, and Local Knowledge in Kiepersol, South Africa," Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22, no. 1 (1995): 30-44.
9. Rundstrom, "GIS, Indigenous Peoples," 48; see also Duerden and Kuhn, "Application of Geographic Information Systems," 61.
10. Jay T. Johnson, Renee Pualani Louis, and Albertus Hadi Pramono, "Facing the Future: Encouraging Critical Cartographic Literacies in Indigenous Communities," ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies 4, no. 1 (2006) : 80-98;
11. Renee Pualani Louis, "Indigenous Hawaiian Cartographer: In Search of Common Ground," Cartographic Perspectives 48 (Spring 2004): 7-23;
12. Robert A. Rundstrom, "The Role of Ethics, Mapping, and the Meaning of Place in Relations between Indians and Whites in the United States," Cartographica 30, no. 1 (1993): 21-28;
13. G. Malcolm Lewis, "Metrics, Geometries, Signs, and Language: Sources of Cartographic Miscommunication between Native and Euro-American Cultures in North America," Cartographica 30, no. 1 (1993): 98-106.
14. Daniel G. Cole, "One Cartographic View of American Indian Land Areas," Cartographica 30, no. 1 (1993): 47.
15. Johnson et al., "Facing the Future," 89; Rundstrom, "GIS, Indigenous Peoples," 52-53.
16. Duerden and Kuhn, "Application of Geographic Information Systems," 60.
17. Kimberlee J. Chambers, Jonathan Corbett, C. Peter Keller, and Colin J. B. Wood, "Indigenous Knowledge, Mapping, and GIS: A Diffusion of Innovation Perspective," Cartographica 39, no. 3 (2004): 19-31; Johnson et al., "Facing the Future," 87.
18. Chambers et al., "Indigenous Knowledge," 24.
19. Johnson et al., "Facing the Future," 88, 90.
20. Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples (London: Zed Books, 1999), 178.
21. Duerden and Kuhn, "Application of Geographic Information Systems," 54; Mathew Sparke, "A Map that Roared and an Original Adas: Canada, Cartography, and the Narration of a Nation," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88, no. 3 (1998): 463-95.
22. Chambers et al., "Indigenous Knowledge," 21; T.J. Ferguson and E. Richard Hart, A Zuni Atlas (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985).
23. Duerden and Kuhn, "Application of Geographic Information Systems," 58.
24. Carl Hardzinski, Chuck Meyer, and Jeff Besougloff, "GIS in Indian Country," GIS/LIS News 13 (Summer 1996): 12.
25. Chambers et al., "Indigenous Knowledge," 20, 29.
26. Bois Forte Department of Natural Resources, "Bois Forte Nett Lake Restoration Project, Phase I," http://www.boisfortednr.com/COF/restoration/ restoration.html (accessed 12 February 2007).
27. Bois Forte Reservation Planning Department, Bois Forte Reservation Vermilion Lake Community Land Use and Development Plan (2001), 6.
28. Bois Forte Reservation Planning Department, Bois Forte Indian Reservation Land Use Plan (2005), 22.
29. Bois Forte Reservation, Bois Forte Indian Reservation Land Use Plan (2005), 21.
30. Bois Forte Reservation, "Bois Forte Reservation Tribal Council," http://www.boisforte.com (accessed 15 October 2003).
31. Bois Forte Reservation Department of Natural Resources, Wild Rice Management at Bois Forte Indian Reservation: History and Current Perspectives (2001), 14.
32. Bois Forte Reservation, Bois Forte Indian Reservation Land Use Plan (2005), 18.
33. Tim Krohn, Fond du Lac Reservation Resource Management, interview by author, 20 November 2007.
34. Gary W. Donald, preface to Wild Rice Management at Bois Forte Indian Reservation, by Bois Forte Reservation.
35. Bois Forte Reservation, Bois Forte Indian Reservation Land Use Plan (2005), 8, 5, 7.
36. Bois Forte Reservation Tribal Council, Application for Funding to the Administration for Native Americans (1995), 19.
37. The initial GIS at Nett Lake consisted of ArcView GIS software (upgraded from version 2.1 to 3.0 during the first year) from Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) and a basic 36 × 48 inch digitizer board to allow for the conversion of data from existing paper maps to digital form.
38. Duerden and Kuhn, "Application of Geographic Information Systems," 57.
39. William Whiteman, Bois Forte Reservation Planning Department, interview by author, Nett Lake, MN, 13 November 2007.
40. Bois Forte Reservation, Bois Forte Indian Reservation Land Use Plan (2005), 20.
41. Andrew Datko, Bois Forte Development Corporation, interview by author, Tower, MN, 13 November 2007.
42. Krohn, interview.
43. The difficulties Whiteman had in contacting the BIA Data Service Centers in Minneapolis and Colorado after the litigation over individual Indian trust monies resulted in a court-ordered shutdown of BIA e-mail and Internet systems were especially frustrating.
44. Duerden and Kuhn, "Application of Geographic Information Systems," 58.
45. Johnson et al., "Facing the Future," 90.