Critical incident, adult attachment style, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A comparison of three groups of security workers

Social Behavior and Personality

Volumn 36, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1063-1072

  Bogaerts, Stefan ^a,b,c   Daalder, Annelies L ^c   Van Der Knaap, Leontien M ^c   Kunst, Maarten J J M ^a,d   Buschman, Jos ^e  

^a TILBURG UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^c Ministerie van Justitie   (Netherlands)

^d TILBURG UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^e Forensic Psychiatric Centre Dr S van Mesdag   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Attachment; Critical incident; Job related stress; PTSD; Security officers

Indexed keywords

EID: 57249116255     PISSN: 03012212     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2008.36.8.1063     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Adami, P., Konig, P., Vetter, Z., Hausmann, A., & Conca, A. (2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder and amygdala-hippocampectomy. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113(4), 360-363.
2. Allen, J. G., Coyne, L., & Huntoon, J. (1998). Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in women from a psychometric perspective. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70(2), 277-298.
3. American Psychiatrie Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
4. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a fourcategory model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.
5. Bootzin, R. R., & Bailey, E. T. (2005). Understanding placebo, nocebo, and Iatrogenic treatment effects. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(7), 871-880.
6. Borritz, M., Rugulies, R., Bjorner, J. B., Villadsen, E., Mikkelsen, O. A., & Kristensen, T. S. (2006). Burnout among employees in human service work: Design and baseline findings of the PUMA study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34(1), 49-58.
7. Carlier, I., & Gersons, B. (1994). Trauma at work: Post-traumatic stress disorder - an occupational health hazard. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, 10, 264-266.
8. Carlier, I. V. E., Lamberts, R. D., & Gersons, B. P. R. (1997). Risk factors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in police officers: A prospective analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 185(8), 498-506.
9. Clair, M. E. (2006). The relationship between critical incidents, hostility and PTSD symptoms in Police Officers. A thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Drexel University.
10. Daniel, S. I. F. (2006). Adult attachment patterns and individual psychotherapy: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(8), 968-984.
11. Davidson, J. R. T. (2004). Remission in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Effects of sertraline as assessed by the Davidson Trauma Scale, clinical global impressions and the clinician-administered PTSD scale. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19(2), 85-87.
12. Davidson, J. R. T., Book, S. W., Colket, J. T., Tupler, L. A., Roth, S., David, D., et al. (1997). Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine, 27(1), 153-160.
13. Declercq, F., & Willemsen, J. (2006). Distress and post-traumatic stress disorders in high risk professionals: Adult attachment style and the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 256-263.
14. Dieperink, M., Leskela, J., Thuras, P., & Engdahl, B. (2001). Attachment style classification and posttraumatic stress disorder in former prisoners of war. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(3), 374-378.
15. Feeny, J. A., & Noller, P. (2004). Attachment and sexuality in close relationships. In J. H. Harvey, A. Wenzel, & S. Sprecher (Eds.), The handbook of sexuality in close relationships (pp. 183-201) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
16. Garrison, W. E. (1991). Modeling inoculation training for traumatic incident exposure. In J. T. Reese, J. M. Horn, & C. Dunning (Eds.), Critical incidents in policing (Rev. ed., pp. 85-98). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
17. Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K. (1994a). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 430-445.
18. Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K. (1994b). Metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships, Vol. 5: Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 17-52). London: Jessica Kingsley.
19. Kazak, A. E. (1991). The social context of coping with childhood chronic illness: Family systems and social support. In A. LaGreca, L. J. Siegel, J. L. Wallander, & C. E. Walker (Eds.), Stress and coping in child health (pp. 262-278). New York: Guilford Press.
20. Liberman, A. M., Best, S. R., Metzler, T. J., Fagan, J. A., Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (2002). Routine occupational stress and psychological distress in police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25(2), 421-439.
21. Liotti, G. (2004). Trauma, dissociation, and disorganised attachment: Three strands of a single braid. Psychotherapy: Theory, research, practice, training, 41, 472-486.
22. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and intergroup tolerance. Psychological Inquiry, 18(3), 139-156.
23. Moon, B., & Maxwell, S. R. (2004). The sources and consequences of correction officers' stress: A South Korean example. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, 359-370.
24. Morren, M., Dirkzwager, A. J. E., Kessels, F. J. M., & Yzermans, C. J. (2007). The influence of a disaster on the health of rescue workers: A longitudinal study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 176(9), 1279-1283.
25. Pietromonaco, P. R., & Barrett, L. F. (1997). Working models of attachment and daily social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(6), 1409-1423.
26. Robert, S., Hamner, M. B., Ulmer, H. G., Lorberbaum, J. P., & Durkalski, V. K. (2006). Openlabel trial of escitalopram in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(10), 1522-1526.
27. Sack, M. (2004). Diagnostic and clinical aspects of complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Nervenarzt, 75(5), 451.
28. Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns. Personal Relationships, 1, 23-43.
29. Schaufeli, W. B., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2000). Job stress and burnout among correctional officers: A Literature Review. International Journal of Stress Management, 7, 19-48.
30. Seidler, G. H., & Wagner, F. E. (2006). Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Medicine, 36(11), 1515-1522.
31. Shapinsky, A., Rapport, L., Henderson, M., & Axelrod, B. (2005). Civilian PTSD scales: Relationships with trait characteristics and everyday distress. Assessment, 12(2), 220-230.
32. Slottje, P., Smidt, N., Twisk, J. W. R., Huizink, A. C., Witteveen, A. B., van Mechelen, W., et al. (2006). Attribution of physical complaints to the air disaster in Amsterdam by exposed rescue workers: An epidemiological study using historic cohorts. BMC Public Health, 6, 142, May 30.
33. Solomon, Z., Ginzburg, K., Mikulincer, M., Neria, Y., & Ohry, A. (1998). Coping with war activity: The role of attachment styles. European Journal of Personality, 12(4), 271-285.
34. Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Cloitre, M. (2006). Unresolved Attachment, PTSD, and dissociation in women with childhood abuse histories. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(2), 219-228.
35. Williams, W. I. (2006). Complex trauma: Approaches to theory and treatment. Journal of Loss & Trauma, 11, 321-335.
36. Yehuda, R. (2001). Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 41-46.
37. Zakin, G., Solomon, Z., & Neria, Y. (2003). Hardiness, attachment style, and long term psychological distress among Israeli POWs and combat veterans. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(5), 819-829.