The potential of civil society in climate change adaptation strategies

Political Science

Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 19-30

  Iati, Iati ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Civil society; Climate change; Community adaptation; Nongovernment organizations; Pacific

Indexed keywords

EID: 57249086545     PISSN: 00323187     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/003231870806000103     Document Type: Article

References (61)

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2. Ernest Gellner, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals (England: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 1994), p. 5.
3. Joseph A Camilleri, 'State, Civil Society, and Economy', in Joseph A Camilleri & Anthony P Jarvis & Albert J Paolini (eds.), The State in Transition: Reimagining Political Space (Colorado, U.S.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995), p. 216.
4. I am not including Australia and New Zealand.
5. The World Bank, 'Defining Civil Society', 2008, http://web.worldbank.org/ WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/CSO/0.,contentMDK:20101499~menuPK:244752~pagePK:220 503~piPK:220476~theSitePK:228717,00.html (8 May 2008).
6. See Jon Barnett elsewhere in this volume.
7. Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP), 'Strong Reefs - Strong Islands: 2008 Pacific year of the reef-Regional campaign plan', 2008, http://www.sprep.org/att/publication/WP-8-1-3-Att-1-PacificYearoftheReef2008. pdf (7 May 2008)
8. Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID), Papua New Guinea', 2007, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/papua.cfm (7 May 2008)
9. Eric Gilman, et al., Pacific Island Mangroves in a Changing Climate and Rising Sea - UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 179 (Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), 2006), p. 1;
10. Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP), 'Strong Islands. Strong Future', 2007, www.sprep.org ;
11. Sue Wells, In the Front Line: Shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs, (Cambridge, United Kingdom: United Nations Environment Program World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 2006), p.11;
12. Jonathan Adams, 'Rising Sea Levels Threaten Small Pacific Island Nations', International Herald Tribune, 3 May 2007.
13. Angie Knox, 'Sinking Feeling in Tuvalu', BBC News, 28 August 2002.
14. Jonathan Adams, 'Rising Sea Levels Threaten Small Pacific Island Nations', International Herald Tribune, 3 May 2007;
15. Cynthia Banham, 'Ministers Remain Unmoved by Rising Sea Levels', The Sydney Morning Herald, 6 January 2006;
16. Peta Donald, 'Rising Sea Levels Threaten Pacific Islands', ABC Online, 2006, http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2006/s1542124.htm ;
17. (8 May 2008) ' "We Must Plan for Climate Change Refugees": Labour', The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 January 2006.
18. Banham, 'Ministers Remain Unmoved by Rising Sea Levels';
19. Donald, 'Rising Sea Levels Threaten Pacific Islands';
20. 'Australia Helps Samoa Tackle Climate Change', Samoa Observer, 4 February 2008.
21. Gilman, Pacific Island Mangroves in a Changing Climate and Rising Sea - UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 179, pp. 5-8.
22. Wells, In the Front Line: Shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs, p. 5.
23. Government of Samoa, First National Communication to the UNFCCC (Apia, Samoa: Department of Lands and Environment, Government of Samoa, 1999).
24. Government of Samoa, First National Communication to the UNFCCC.
25. Adams, 'Rising Sea Levels Threaten Small Pacific Island Nations'; Stephen Leahy, 'Environment: Tiny Tuvalu Fights for its Literal Survival' Asia Water Wire, 27 July 2007, http://www.asiawaterwire.net/node/557 (5 May 2008).
26. Sallie Baliunas, and Willie Soon, 'Is Tuvalu Really Sinking?', Pacific Magazine, 1 February 2002, http://www.pacificmagazine.net/issue/2002/02/01/ is-tuvalu-really-sinking (8 May 2008).
27. Barney Porter, 'Map-Making Highlights Impact of Climate Change', ABC News, 2007, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/04/2023128.htm (8 May 2008).
28. The Age, 'Tuvalu's Tides Divide Scientists', August 25 2004, http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/24/1093246516150.html (8 May 2008).
29. Mark Chipperfield, and David Harrison, "Falling Sea Level Upsets Theory of Global Warming", Telegraph, 19 June 2001, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2000/07/06/wsea06.xml (8 May 2008).
30. Banham, Cynthia Banham, 'Ministers Remain Unmoved by Rising Sea Levels', The Sydney Morning Herald, 6 January 2006.
31. Jason Buccheim, 'Coral Reef Bleaching', 1998, http://www.marinebiology. org/coralbleaching.htm (6 May 2008); Amit Huppert, and Lewi Stone, 'Chaos in the Pacific's Coral Reef Bleaching Cycle', The American Naturalist, Vol. 152, No. 3, (September 1998), pp.447-459;
32. Jamie K Reaser, Rafe Pomerance, Peter O. Thomas, 'Coral Bleaching and Global Climate Change: Scientific findings and policy recommendations', Conservation Biology, Vol. 14, No. 5, (October 2000), pp. 1500-1511 ;
33. Kalinga Seneviratne, 'South Pacific: Rising sea levels already hurting islands', 15 February 2001, http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/levels.htm (8 May 2008).
34. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, 'Climate Change Coral Bleaching and the Future of the Worlds Coral Reefs', http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/ reports/climate-change-and-coral-bleac.pdf (8 May 2008).
35. Hoegh-Guldberg, 'Climate Change Coral Bleaching and the Future of the Worlds Coral Reefs'.
36. Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 'About Coral Reef, http://www.sprep.org/PYOR/about.htm#impt (6 May 2008)
37. Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 'About Coral Reef.
38. Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 'About Coral Reef.
39. Tom Price, 'The Canary is Drowning: Tiny Tuvalu Fights Back Against Climate Change'. Global Policy Forum, http://www.globalpolicy.org/ nations/micro/2002/1203canary.htm
40. John F. Bruno, and Elizabeth R. Selig, 'Regional Decline of Coral Cover in the Indo-Pacific: Timing, extent, and subregional comparisons', Plos One, Issue 8, (August 2007), pp. 1-8.
41. Hoegh-Guldberg, 'Climate Change Coral Bleaching and the Future of the Worlds Coral Reefs'.
42. Tom Goreau, Tim McClanahah, Ray Hayes, and Al Strong. 'Conservation of Coral Reefs after the 1998 Global Bleaching Event', Conservation Biology, Vol. 14, No. 1, (February 2000), pp. 5-15.
43. Papua New Guinea, Republic of Marshall Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, Fiji, Federated States of Micronesia, Tonga, and Tuvalu.
44. David Abbott, and Steve Pollard, Hardship and Poverty in the Pacific (Manila, Philippines: Asia Development Bank, 2002), p. 1.
45. John Henderson, 'Introduction', in John Henderson, and Greg Watson (eds.) Securing a Peaceful Pacific (Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury University Press), p. 4. Henderson lists five armed conflicts, but his article was published before the recent conflict in East Timor.
46. Henderson, 'Introduction', p. 5.
47. Roman Grynberg, Toward a New Pacific Regionalism, (Manila, Philippines: Asia Development Bank, 2005), p. 14.
48. Pacific Islands Forum, Pacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change 2006-2015 (Suva, Fiji: Pacific Islands Forum, 2005), p. 5.
49. Pacific Islands Forum, Pacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change 2006-2015, p. 7.
50. Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP), ' Strong Islands. Strong Future'.
51. Government of Samoa, First National Communication to the UNFCCC.
52. Sapa Saifaleupolu Teleiai, 'Climate Change: Challenges for Samoa', in Environment Forum (Apia, Samoa: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 1999), http://www.mnre.gov.ws/forum/1999/index.htm
53. Teleiai, 'Climate Change: Challenges for Samoa'.
54. Asterio Takesy, 'Environment: Future leaders spearheaded change - The need to work with communities', Islands Business, (2007), http://www.islandsbusiness.com/islands-business/index-dynamic/ containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModulel D=17412/overideSkinName= issueArticle-full.tpl (7 May 2008).
55. PIANGO is the umbrella organization for a network of NGOs in the Pacific region. Many of its members are themselves umbrella organisations for NGOs in their respective countries.
56. Pacific Island Association of Non-Government Organizations (PIANGO), Report on Pacific NGO Interventions Against the Initiatives of the Pacific Plan (Suva, Fiji: PIANGO, 2006).
57. Economic and Social Commission Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), Review of the Implementation of Agenda 21, International Environmental Conventions, the Regional Action Programme for Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development, 1996-2000, and the Programme of Actions for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States - Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development in Asia and the Pacific, 2000 (Kitakyushu, Japan: ESCAP, 2000)
58. Virginia Jealous, 'NGOs Bring Voice of People to Table', Islands Business, July 2004, http://pidp.eastwestcenter.org/pireport/2004/July/07- 27-com.htm. The Pacific Islands Forum is the key regional political organisation in the Pacific. The Special Leaders Retreat allows the Heads of Government of Forum countries to discuss and formulate policy in an informal environment.
59. Bronwen Douglas, 'Why Religion, Race, and Gender Matter in Pacific Polities', Development Bulletin, No. 59, pp. 11-14, (2002), p. 8.
60. John Roughan, 'Voices of Civil Society', in John Henderson, and Greg Watson (eds.), Securing a Peaceful Pacific (Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury University Press, 2005), p. 425.
61. Roughan, 'Voices of Civil Society', p. 425.