Facial asymmetry in young healthy subjects evaluated by statistical shape analysis

Journal of Anatomy

Volumn 213, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 663-669

  Ercan, Ilker ^a   Ozdemir, Senem Turan ^a   Etoz, Abdullah ^b   Sigirli, Deniz ^a   Tubbs, R Shane ^c   Loukas, Marios ^d   Guney, Ibrahim ^e  

^a ULUDAG UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b MEDICAL PARK HOSPITAL   (Turkey)

^c CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d St George's University   (United States)

^e ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Anthropometry; Asymmetry; Face; Geometric morphometry; Statistical shape analysis; Symmetry

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; DIGITAL IMAGING; FACE ASYMMETRY; FACE PROFILE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MORPHOMETRICS; NORMAL HUMAN; PHOTOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TURKEY (REPUBLIC); VOLUNTEER;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CEPHALOMETRY; FACE; FACIAL ASYMMETRY; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MALE; PHOTOGRAPHY; SEX FACTORS; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 57249084066     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01002.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Baudouin JY, Tiberghien G (2004) Symmetry, averageness, and feature size in the facial attractiveness of women. Acta Psychol (Amst) 117, 313-332.
2. Borod JC, Koff E, Yecker S, Santschi C, Schmidt JM (1998) Facial asymmetry during emotional expression: Gender, valence, and measurement technique. Neuropsychologia 36, 1209-1215.
3. Burke PH, Healy MJ (1993) A serial study of normal facial asymmetry in monozygotic twins. Ann Hum Biol 20, 527-534.
4. Burrows AM, Richtsmeier JT, Mooney MP, Smith TD, Losken HW, Siegel MI (1999) Three-dimensional analysis of craniofacial form in a familial rabbit model of nonsyndromic coronal synostosis using Euclidean distance matrix analysis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 36, 196-206.
5. Cole TM III (2002) Win EDMA: Software for Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis. Version 1.0.1 beta. Kansas City: University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine.
6. Cole TM III, Richtsmeier JT (1998) A simple method for visualization of influential landmarks when using Euclidean distance matrix analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 107, 273-283.
7. DeLeon VB (2007) Fluctuating asymmetry and stress in a medieval Nubian population. Am J Phys Anthropol 132, 520-534.
8. Dimitrov DM (2006) Reliability. In Assessment for Counselors, Chapter 3 (ed. Erford BT), pp. 99-122. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin/Lahaska Press.
9. Dryden IL, Mardia KV (1998) Statistical Shape Analysis, pp. 1-3. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
10. Ercan I, Ocakoglu G, Guney I, Yazici B (2008) Adaptation of generalizability theory for inter-rater reliability for landmark localization. Int J Tomogr Stat 9(S08), 51-58.
11. Farkas LG, Cheung G (1981) Facial asymmetry in healthy North American caucasians. Angle Orthod 51, 70-77.
12. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Pizzini G, Vogel G (1993) Sexual dimorphism in the human face assessed by euclidean distance matrix analysis. J Anat 183, 593-600.
13. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE, Tartaglia G (1994) Distance from symmetry: A three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 52, 1126-1132.
14. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Miani A, Serrao G (1995) A three-dimensional evaluation of human facial asymmetry. J Anat 186(Pt 1), 103-110.
15. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Ciusa V, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM (2001) The effect of sex and age on facial asymmetry in healthy subjects: A cross-sectional study from adolescence to mid-adulthood. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 59, 382-388.
16. Haraguchi S, Takada K, Yasuda Y (2002) Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity. Angle Orthod 72, 28-35.
17. Haraguchi S, Iguchi Y, Takada K (2008) Asymmetry of the face in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 78, 421-426.
18. Hennessy RJ, Lane A, Kinsella A, Larkin C, O'Callaghan E, Waddington JL (2004) 3D morphometrics of craniofacial dysmorphology reveals sex-specific asymmetries in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 67, 261-268.
19. Hennessy RJ, McLearie S, Kinsella A, Waddington JL (2006) Facial shape and asymmetry by three-dimensional laser surface scanning covary with cognition in a sexually dimorphic manner. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18, 73-80.
20. Kane AA, DeLeon VB, Valeri C, Becker DB, Richtsmeier JT, Lo LJ (2007) Preoperative osseous dysmorphology in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: A quantitative analysis of computed tomography data. Plast Reconstr Surg 119, 1295-1301.
21. Lele S (1993) Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA): Estimation of mean form and mean form difference. Math Geol 25, 573-602.
22. Lele S, Richtsmeier JT (1991) Euclidean distance matrix analysis: A coordinate free approach to comparing biological shapes using landmark data. Am J Phys Anthropol 86, 415-428.
23. Lele S, Richtsmeier JT (2001) An Invariant Approach to Statistical Analysis of Shapes. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.
24. McIntyre GT, Mossey PA (2002) Asymmetry of the parental craniofacial skeleton in orofacial clefting. J Orthod 29, 299-305.
25. Mutsvangwa T, Douglas T (2007) Morphometric analysis of facial landmark data to characterize the facial phenotype associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. J Anat 210, 209-220.
26. Nicholls ME, Ellis BE, Clement JG, Yoshino M (2004) Detecting hemifacial asymmetries in emotional expression with three-dimensional computerized image analysis. Proc Biol Sci 271, 663-668.
27. Rossi, M, Ribeiro E, Smith R (2003) Craniofacial asymmetry in development: An anatomical study. Angle Orthod 73, 381-385.
28. Sengupta M, Karmakar B (2007) Genetics of anthropometric asymmetry in an Indian endogamous population - Vaidyas. Am J Hum Biol 19, 399-408.
29. Severt TR, Proffit WR (1997) The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath 12, 171-176.
30. Shaner DJ, Peterson AE, Beattie OB, Bamforth JS (2000) Assessment of soft tissue facial asymmetry in medically normal and syndrome-affected individuals by analysis of landmarks and measurements. Am J Med Genet 93, 143-154.
31. Smith WM (1998) Hemispheric and facial asymmetry: Faces of Academe. J Cogn Neurosci 10, 663-665.
32. Smith WM (2000) Hemispheric and facial asymmetry: Gender differences. Laterality 5, 251-258.
33. Stedman JK (2006) Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 28th edn. http://www.stedmans.com/.
34. Vig PS, Hewitt AB (1975) Asymmetry of the human facial skeleton. Angle Orthod 45, 125-129.
35. Weinberg SM, Neiswanger K, Richtsmeier JT, et al. (2008) Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of craniofacial shape in the unaffected relatives of individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts: A possible marker for genetic susceptibility. Am J Med Genet Part A 146, 409-420.
36. Zaidel DW, Cohen JA (2005) The face, beauty, and symmetry: Perceiving asymmetry in beautiful faces. Int J Neurosci 115, 1165-1173.