A systematic review of the role of intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia in the causation of neonatal encephalopathy

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 199, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 587-595

  Graham, Ernest M ^a   Ruis, Kristy A ^a   Hartman, Adam L ^a   Northington, Frances J ^a   Fox, Harold E ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

cerebral palsy; fetal metabolic acidosis; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN;

APGAR SCORE; ARTERIAL PH; BRADYCARDIA; BRAIN DISEASE; CEREBRAL PALSY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FETUS MONITORING; HUMAN; HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCELOPATHY; INTRAPARTUM CARE; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; NEONATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY; NEWBORN MORBIDITY; NEWBORN MORTALITY; PERINATAL ASPHYXIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UMBILICAL ARTERY;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; FEMALE; FETAL BLOOD; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN; INCIDENCE; INFANT, NEWBORN; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEIZURES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TERM BIRTH;

EID: 57149140864     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.094     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Quilligan E.J., and Paul R.H. Fetal monitoring: is it worth it?. Obstet Gynecol 45 (1975) 96-100
2. Blair E., and Stanley F.J. Intrapartum asphyxia: a rare cause of cerebral palsy. J Pediatr 112 (1988) 515-519
3. Hagberg B., Hagberg G., Beckung E., and Uvebrant P. Changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden: VIII, prevalence and origin in the birth year period 1991-94. Acta Paediatr 90 (2001) 271-277
4. Thorngren-Jerneck K., and Herbst A. Perinatal factors associated with cerebral palsy in children born in Sweden. Obstet Gynecol 108 (2006) 1499-1505
5. Clark S.L., and Hankins G.D. Temporal and demographic trends in cerebral palsy-fact and fiction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 (2003) 628-633
6. Cowan F., Rutherford M., Groenendaal F., et al. Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy. Lancet 361 (2003) 736-742
7. Larma J.D., Silva A.M., Holcroft C.J., Thompson R.E., Donohue P.K., and Graham E.M. Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring and the identification of metabolic acidosis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197 (2007) 301.e1-301.e8
8. Perlman J.M. Summary proceedings from the neurology group on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 117 (2006) S28-S33
9. Draper E.S., Kurinczuk J.J., Lamming C.R., Clarke M., James D., and Field D. A confidential enquiry into cases of neonatal encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 87 (2002) F176-F180
10. Stroup D.F., Berlin J.A., Morton S.C., et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 283 (2000) 2008-2012
11. Goodwin T.M., Belai I., Hernandez P., Durand M., and Paul R.H. Asphyxial complications in the term newborn with severe umbilical acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167 (1992) 1506-1512
12. Winkler C.L., Hauth J.C., Tucker J.M., Owen J., and Brumfield C.G. Neonatal complications at term as related to the degree of umbilical artery acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164 (1991) 637-641
13. Gilstrap III L.C., Leveno K.J., Burris J., Williams M.L., and Little B.B. Diagnosis of birth asphyxia on the basis of fetal pH, Apgar score, and newborn cerebral dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161 (1989) 825-830
14. Goldaber K.G., Gilstrap III L.C., Leveno K.J., Dax J.S., and McIntire D.D. Pathologic fetal acidemia. Obstet Gynecol 78 (1991) 1103-1107
15. Perlman J.M., and Risser R. Severe fetal acidemia: neonatal neurologic features and short-term outcome. Pediatr Neurol 9 (1993) 277-282
16. Nagel H.T., Vandenbussche F.P., Oepkes D., Jennekens-Schinkel A., Laan L.A., and Gravenhorst J.B. Follow-up of children born with an umbilical arterial blood pH < 7. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173 (1995) 1758-1764
17. Victory R., Penava D., Da Silva O., Natale R., and Richardson B. Umbilical cord pH and base excess values in relation to adverse outcome events for infants delivering at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191 (2004) 2021-2028
18. Low J.A. Determining the contribution of asphyxia to brain damage in the neonate. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 30 (2004) 276-286
19. van den Berg P.P., Nelen W.L., Jongsma H.W., et al. Neonatal complications in newborns with an umbilical artery pH < 7.00. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175 (1996) 1152-1157
20. Sehdev H.M., Stamilio D.M., Macones G.A., Graham E., and Morgan M.A. Predictive factors for neonatal morbidity in neonates with an umbilical arterial cord pH less than 7.00. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177 (1997) 1030-1034
21. Graham E.M., Holcroft C.J., Rai K.K., Donohue P.K., and Allen M.C. Neonatal cerebral white matter injury in preterm infants is associated with culture positive infections and only rarely with metabolic acidosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191 (2004) 1305-1310
22. Holcroft C.J., Blakemore K.J., Allen M., and Graham E.M. Association of prematurity and neonatal infection with neurologic morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Obstet Gynecol 101 (2003) 1249-1253
23. Graham E.M., Holcroft C.J., and Blakemore K.J. Evidence of intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia is not present in the majority of cases of neonatal seizures. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 12 (2002) 123-126
24. Badawi N., Kurinczuk J.J., Hall D., Field D., Pemberton P.J., and Stanley F.J. Newborn encephalopathy in term infants: three approaches to population-based investigation. Semin Neonatol 2 (1997) 181-188
25. Nelson K.B., and Ellenberg J.H. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics 68 (1981) 36-44
26. Thornberg E., Thiringer K., Odeback A., and Milsom I. Birth asphyxia: incidence, clinical course and outcome in a Swedish population. Acta Paediatr 84 (1995) 927-932
27. Brown J.K., Purvis R.J., Forfar J.O., and Cockburn F. Neurological aspects of perinatal asphyxia. Dev Med Child Neurol 16 (1974) 567-580
28. Sarnat H.B., and Sarnat M.S. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: a clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch Neurol 33 (1976) 696-705
29. Finer N.N., Robertson C.M., Richards R.T., Pinnell L.E., and Peters K.L. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term neonates: perinatal factors and outcome. J Pediatr 98 (1981) 112-117
30. Badawi N., Kurinczuk J.J., Keogh J.M., et al. Intrapartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study. BMJ 317 (1998) 1554-1558
31. Levene M.L., Kornberg J., and Williams T.H. The incidence and severity of post-asphyxial encephalopathy in full-term infants. Early Hum Dev 11 (1985) 21-26
32. Fenichel G.M. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the newborn. Arch Neurol 40 (1983) 261-266
33. Smith J., Wells L., and Dodd K. The continuing fall in incidence of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in term infants. BJOG 107 (2000) 461-466
34. MacDonald H.M., Mulligan J.C., Allen A.C., and Taylor P.M. Neonatal asphyxia: I, relationship of obstetric and neonatal complications to neonatal mortality in 38,405 consecutive deliveries. J Pediatr 96 (1980) 898-902
35. Itoo B.A., Al-Hawsawi Z.M., and Khan A.H. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: incidence and risk factors in North Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 24 (2003) 147-153
36. Airede A.I. Birth asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: incidence and severity. Ann Trop Paediatr 11 (1991) 331-335
37. Nelson K.B., and Ellenberg J.H. Antecedents of cerebral palsy: multivariate analysis of risk. N Engl J Med 315 (1986) 81-86
38. Yudkin P.L., Johnson A., Clover L.M., and Murphy K.W. Assessing the contribution of birth asphyxia to cerebral palsy in term singletons. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 9 (1995) 156-170
39. Hagberg B., Hagberg G., Olow I., and van Wendt L. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden: VII, prevalence and origin in the birth year period 1987-90. Acta Paediatr 85 (1996) 954-960
40. Himmelmann K., Hagberg G., Beckung E., Hagberg B., and Uvebrant P. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden: IX, prevalence and origin in the birth-year period 1995-1998. Acta Paediatr 94 (2005) 287-294
41. Shevell M.I., Majnemer A., and Morin I. Etiologic yield of cerebral palsy: a contemporary case series. Pediatr Neurol 28 (2003) 352-359
42. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Pediatricians. Chapter 8: Criteria required to define an acute intrapartum hypoxic event as sufficient to cause cerebral palsy. In: Van Eerden P., and Bernstein P.S. (Eds). Neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy (2003), ACOG, Washington, DC 73-80
43. Riley R.J., and Johnson J.W.C. Collecting and analyzing cord blood gases. Clin Obstet Gynecol 36 (1993) 13-23
44. Low J.A. Intrapartum fetal asphyxia: definition, diagnosis, and classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176 (1997) 957-959
45. Chauhan S.P., Hendrix N.W., Magann E.F., et al. Neonatal organ dysfunction among newborns at gestational age 34 weeks and umbilical arterial pH<7.00. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 17 (2005) 261-268
46. Dijxhoorn M.J., Visser G.H., Fidler V.J., Touwen B.C., and Huisjes H.J. Apgar score, meconium and acidaemia at birth in relation to neonatal neurological morbidity in term infants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 93 (1986) 217-222
47. Dennis J., Johnson A., Mutch L., Yudkin P., and Johnson P. Acid-base status at birth and neurodevelopmental outcome at four and one-half years. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161 (1989) 213-220
48. Fee S.C., Malee K., Deddish R., Minogue J.P., and Socol M.L. Severe acidosis and subsequent neurologic status. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162 (1990) 802-806
49. Korst L.M., Phelan J.P., Wang Y.M., Martin G.I., and Ahn M.O. Acute fetal asphyxia and permanent brain injury: a retrospective analysis of current indicators. J Matern Fetal Med 8 (1999) 101-106
50. Pasternak J.F., and Gorey M.T. The syndrome of acute near-total intrauterine asphyxia in the term infant. Pediatr Neurol 18 (1998) 391-398
51. Barkovich A.J., Westmark K., Partridge C., Sola A., and Ferriero D.M. Perinatal asphyxia: MR findings in the first 10 days. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16 (1995) 427-438
52. Leijser L.M., Vein A.A., Liauw L., Strauss T., Veen S., and Wezel-Meijler G. Prediction of short-term neurological outcome in full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy based on combined use of electroencephalogram and neuro-imaging. Neuropediatrics 38 (2007) 219-227
53. Schifrin B.S. The CTG and the timing and mechanism of fetal neurological injuries. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18 (2004) 437-456
54. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Pediatricians. Chapter 5: Neonatal assessment. In: Van Eerden P., and Bernstein P.S. (Eds). Neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy (2003), ACOG, Washington, DC 53-62
55. Moster D., Lie R.T., Irgens L.M., Bjerkedal T., and Markestad T. The association of Apgar score with subsequent death and cerebral palsy: a population-based study in term infants. J Pediatr 138 (2001) 798-803
56. Nelson K.B., and Grether J.K. Potentially asphyxiating conditions and spastic cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179 (1998) 507-513
57. Holcroft C.J., Graham E.M., and Penning D.H. Cord gas analysis, decision-to-delivery interval and the 30-minute rule for emergency cesareans. J Perinatol 25 (2005) 229-235
58. Eastman N.J., Kohl S.G., Maisel J.E., and Kavaler F. The obstetrical background of 753 cases of cerebral palsy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 17 (1962) 459-500
59. Bax M., Tydeman C., and Flodmark O. Clinical and MRI correlates of cerebral palsy: the European Cerebral Palsy Study. JAMA 296 (2006) 1602-1608
60. Naeye R.L., Peters E.C., Bartholomew M., and Landis J.R. Origins of cerebral palsy. Am J Dis Child 143 (1989) 1154-1161