메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 90, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2009, Pages

Implications of the ban on organotins for protection of global coastal and marine ecology

Author keywords

AFS Convention; Environmental impacts; Implications; Organotin based antifouling paints; Regulations; TBT

Indexed keywords

ANTIFOULING PAINT; ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; LAW ENFORCEMENT; ORGANOMETALLICS; SHIPS;

EID: 57149139549     PISSN: 03014797     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.017     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (113)

References (91)
  • 2
    • 85185711496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adams, G.L., 1999. The Accumulation and Impact of Organotins on Marine Mammals, Seabirds and Fish for Human Consumption. Report For WWF-UK Project No 98054, 26 pp. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from: .
    • Adams, G.L., 1999. The Accumulation and Impact of Organotins on Marine Mammals, Seabirds and Fish for Human Consumption. Report For WWF-UK Project No 98054, 26 pp. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from: .
  • 4
    • 0026359489 scopus 로고
    • Environmental problems caused by TBT in France: assessment, regulations, prospects
    • Alzieu C. Environmental problems caused by TBT in France: assessment, regulations, prospects. Marine Environmental Research 32 (1991) 7-17
    • (1991) Marine Environmental Research , vol.32 , pp. 7-17
    • Alzieu, C.1
  • 6
    • 0034698902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental impact of TBT: the French experience
    • Alzieu C. Environmental impact of TBT: the French experience. Science of the Total Environment 258 1-2 (2000) 99-102
    • (2000) Science of the Total Environment , vol.258 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 99-102
    • Alzieu, C.1
  • 7
    • 39049161187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment: A review
    • Antizar-Ladislao B. Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment: A review. Environment International 34 (2008) 292-308
    • (2008) Environment International , vol.34 , pp. 292-308
    • Antizar-Ladislao, B.1
  • 9
    • 0037340425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imposex as a biomonitoring tool for marine pollution by tributyltin: some further observations
    • Axiak V., Micallef D., Muscat J., Vella A., and Mintoff B. Imposex as a biomonitoring tool for marine pollution by tributyltin: some further observations. Environment International 28 8 (2003) 743-749
    • (2003) Environment International , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 743-749
    • Axiak, V.1    Micallef, D.2    Muscat, J.3    Vella, A.4    Mintoff, B.5
  • 10
    • 0021639873 scopus 로고
    • High mortality of the larvae of the common mussel at low concentrations of tributyltin
    • Beaumont A.R., and Budd M.D. High mortality of the larvae of the common mussel at low concentrations of tributyltin. Marine Pollution Bulletin 15 (1984) 402-405
    • (1984) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.15 , pp. 402-405
    • Beaumont, A.R.1    Budd, M.D.2
  • 12
    • 0002799780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industrial manufacture and applications of tributyltin compounds
    • de Mora S.J. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Bennet R.F. Industrial manufacture and applications of tributyltin compounds. In: de Mora S.J. (Ed). Tributyltin: Case Study of an Environmental Contaminant (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 21-61
    • (1996) Tributyltin: Case Study of an Environmental Contaminant , pp. 21-61
    • Bennet, R.F.1
  • 13
  • 14
    • 57149140164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butyltin compounds in biofilms and marine organisms from Dona Paula Bay, west coast of India
    • Sonak S. (Ed), TERI press, New Delhi
    • Bhosle N.B. Butyltin compounds in biofilms and marine organisms from Dona Paula Bay, west coast of India. In: Sonak S. (Ed). Multiple Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (2006), TERI press, New Delhi 432-443
    • (2006) Multiple Dimensions of Global Environmental Change , pp. 432-443
    • Bhosle, N.B.1
  • 15
    • 0035992280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review and assessment of tributyltin contamination in the North Sea based on surveys of butyltin tissue burdens and imposex/intersex in four species of neogastropods
    • Birchenougha A.C., Barnesa N., Evans S.M., Hinzb H., Krönkeb I., and Mossa C. A review and assessment of tributyltin contamination in the North Sea based on surveys of butyltin tissue burdens and imposex/intersex in four species of neogastropods. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44 6 (2002) 534-543
    • (2002) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 534-543
    • Birchenougha, A.C.1    Barnesa, N.2    Evans, S.M.3    Hinzb, H.4    Krönkeb, I.5    Mossa, C.6
  • 17
    • 0000921233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental law and tributyltin in the environment
    • de Mora S.J. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Bosselmann K. Environmental law and tributyltin in the environment. In: de Mora S.J. (Ed). Tributyltin: Case Study of an Environmental Contaminant (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 237-263
    • (1996) Tributyltin: Case Study of an Environmental Contaminant , pp. 237-263
    • Bosselmann, K.1
  • 19
    • 33846708008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-depth analysis of accidental oil spills from tankers in the context of global spill trends from all sources
    • Burgherr P. In-depth analysis of accidental oil spills from tankers in the context of global spill trends from all sources. Journal of Hazardous Materials 140 (2007) 245-256
    • (2007) Journal of Hazardous Materials , vol.140 , pp. 245-256
    • Burgherr, P.1
  • 20
    • 85185719302 scopus 로고
    • Champ M.A. (Ed), Marine Technology Society and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Council on Oceanic Engineering, Washington, D.C.
    • In: Champ M.A. (Ed). The International Organotin Symposium Proceedings. Proceedings Oceans '86 Conference vol. 3 (1986), Marine Technology Society and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Council on Oceanic Engineering, Washington, D.C. 1101-1330
    • (1986) Proceedings Oceans '86 Conference , vol.3 , pp. 1101-1330
  • 21
    • 0023537476 scopus 로고
    • Tributyltin antifouling paints: introduction and overview
    • Champ M.A., and Pugh W.L. Tributyltin antifouling paints: introduction and overview. Oceans 87 4 (1987) 1296-1308
    • (1987) Oceans , vol.87 , Issue.4 , pp. 1296-1308
    • Champ, M.A.1    Pugh, W.L.2
  • 23
    • 0002556761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory strategies for organotin compounds
    • Chapman and Hall Publishers, U.K. (Chapter 3)
    • Champ M.A., and Wade T.L. Regulatory strategies for organotin compounds. Organotin: Environmental Fate and Effects (1996), Chapman and Hall Publishers, U.K. 55-94 (Chapter 3)
    • (1996) Organotin: Environmental Fate and Effects , pp. 55-94
    • Champ, M.A.1    Wade, T.L.2
  • 24
    • 85185724862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Champ M.A., and Seligman P.F. (Eds), Chapman and Hall Publishers, U.K. 29 Chapters, 664 pp.
    • In: Champ M.A., and Seligman P.F. (Eds). Organotin: Environmental Fate and Effects (1997), Chapman and Hall Publishers, U.K. 29 Chapters, 664 pp.
    • (1997) Organotin: Environmental Fate and Effects
  • 25
    • 0343987552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tributyltin antifouling paint controversy
    • Soap Box Article. July
    • Champ M.A. The tributyltin antifouling paint controversy. Sea Technology Magazine (1998) 113 Soap Box Article. July
    • (1998) Sea Technology Magazine , pp. 113
    • Champ, M.A.1
  • 26
    • 85185715896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Champ, M.A., Fox, Thomas J., 1998. TBT - the Ban - What Next. Published in the 1998 Marine Log '98 Conference Proceedings, 7 pp.
    • Champ, M.A., Fox, Thomas J., 1998. TBT - the Ban - What Next. Published in the 1998 Marine Log '98 Conference Proceedings, 7 pp.
  • 27
    • 85185725265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Champ M.A., Fox T.J., and Mearns A.J. (Eds). Sept 13-16, 1999, The Marine Technology Society, Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C. 20036. 0-933957-24-6 223 pp.
    • In: Champ M.A., Fox T.J., and Mearns A.J. (Eds). Treatment of Regulated Discharges from Shipyards and Drydocks. Sept 13-16, 1999. Proceedings of the Special Sessions held at Oceans '99 in Seattle Washington vol. 4 (1999), The Marine Technology Society, Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C. 20036. 0-933957-24-6 223 pp.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the Special Sessions held at Oceans '99 in Seattle Washington , vol.4
  • 28
    • 0033034514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for the formation of an independent - international marine coatings board
    • Champ M.A. The need for the formation of an independent - international marine coatings board. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Viewpoint Article 38 4 (1999) 239-246
    • (1999) Marine Pollution Bulletin. Viewpoint Article , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 239-246
    • Champ, M.A.1
  • 29
    • 85185725290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Champ, M.A., 1999b. Incorporating Good Environmental Science in the Current Organotin Regulatory Debate. Editorial, Lessons Learned. SETAC November Newsletter.
    • Champ, M.A., 1999b. Incorporating Good Environmental Science in the Current Organotin Regulatory Debate. Editorial, Lessons Learned. SETAC November Newsletter.
  • 30
    • 85185722157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Champ, M.A., Fox, T.J., Schafran, G.C., 2000. Removal of TBT from ship washdown and shipyard wastewaters. In: Proceedings of the International Conference and Exhibition. 'Ships Waste - Management and Treatment in Ports and Shipyards.' Maritime Conferences, Bremerhaven, Germany, 28-30 June, pp. 403-411.
    • Champ, M.A., Fox, T.J., Schafran, G.C., 2000. Removal of TBT from ship washdown and shipyard wastewaters. In: Proceedings of the International Conference and Exhibition. 'Ships Waste - Management and Treatment in Ports and Shipyards.' Maritime Conferences, Bremerhaven, Germany, 28-30 June, pp. 403-411.
  • 31
    • 0034698972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of organotin regulatory strategies: pending actions, related costs and benefits
    • Champ M.A. A review of organotin regulatory strategies: pending actions, related costs and benefits. Science of the Total Environment 258 (2000) 21-71
    • (2000) Science of the Total Environment , vol.258 , pp. 21-71
    • Champ, M.A.1
  • 32
    • 0041524258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic and environmental impacts on ports and harbors from the convention to ban harmful marine anti-fouling systems
    • Champ M.A. Economic and environmental impacts on ports and harbors from the convention to ban harmful marine anti-fouling systems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46 8 (2003) 935-940
    • (2003) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 935-940
    • Champ, M.A.1
  • 33
    • 0037233445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butyltins concentration levels and imposex occurrence in snails from the Sicilian coasts (Italy)
    • Chiavarini S., Massanisso P., Nicolai P., Nobili C., and Morabito R. Butyltins concentration levels and imposex occurrence in snails from the Sicilian coasts (Italy). Chemosphere 50 3 (2003) 311-319
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-319
    • Chiavarini, S.1    Massanisso, P.2    Nicolai, P.3    Nobili, C.4    Morabito, R.5
  • 34
    • 0035989693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routes of TBT uptake in the clam Ruditapes decussatus. II. Food as vector of TBT uptake
    • Coelho M.R., Bebianno M.J., and Langston W.J. Routes of TBT uptake in the clam Ruditapes decussatus. II. Food as vector of TBT uptake. Marine Environmental Research 54 2 (2002) 193-207
    • (2002) Marine Environmental Research , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-207
    • Coelho, M.R.1    Bebianno, M.J.2    Langston, W.J.3
  • 35
    • 3242784968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary investigation of biosecurity risks associated with biofouling on merchant vessels in New Zealand
    • Coutts A.D.M., and Taylor M.D. A preliminary investigation of biosecurity risks associated with biofouling on merchant vessels in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38 (2004) 215-229
    • (2004) New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , vol.38 , pp. 215-229
    • Coutts, A.D.M.1    Taylor, M.D.2
  • 36
    • 85185704375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Danish Shipping Figures, 2007. Danish Shipowners Association. Retrieved January 21, 2008 from: .
    • Danish Shipping Figures, 2007. Danish Shipowners Association. Retrieved January 21, 2008 from: .
  • 38
    • 85185704907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doganis, R.S., Metaxas, B.N., 1976. The Impact of Flags of Convenience. Transport Studies Group Research Report 3, Polytechnic of Central London, London, UK.
    • Doganis, R.S., Metaxas, B.N., 1976. The Impact of Flags of Convenience. Transport Studies Group Research Report 3, Polytechnic of Central London, London, UK.
  • 39
    • 0025114496 scopus 로고
    • 'Flag of convenience' or 'open registration' of ships
    • Egiyan G.S. 'Flag of convenience' or 'open registration' of ships. Marine Policy 14 2 (1990) 106-111
    • (1990) Marine Policy , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 106-111
    • Egiyan, G.S.1
  • 40
    • 0025197155 scopus 로고
    • Worldwide neogastropod imposex: a biological indication of global TBT contamination?
    • Ellis D., and Pattisina L.A. Worldwide neogastropod imposex: a biological indication of global TBT contamination?. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21 (1990) 248-253
    • (1990) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 248-253
    • Ellis, D.1    Pattisina, L.A.2
  • 41
    • 0032724375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TBT or not TBT? That is the question
    • Evans S.M. TBT or not TBT? That is the question. Biofouling 14 2 (1999) 117-129
    • (1999) Biofouling , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-129
    • Evans, S.M.1
  • 42
    • 0034698901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of imposex to assess tributyltin contamination in coastal waters and open seas
    • Evans S.M., and Nicholson J. The use of imposex to assess tributyltin contamination in coastal waters and open seas. Science of the Total Environment 258 1-2 (2000) 73-80
    • (2000) Science of the Total Environment , vol.258 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 73-80
    • Evans, S.M.1    Nicholson, J.2
  • 45
    • 85185711396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fox, T.J., Champ, M.A., Schafran, G.C., Cutter, G.A., M.U., 2000. Development of a Rapid Turnaround Analytical Method for TBT and Design, Construct and Evaluate a Pilot Plant Treatment Process to Remove TBT from Industrial Wastewater. CASRM Final Project Technical Report to EPA Office of Wastewater Management, 92 pp. + 3 Appendices.
    • Fox, T.J., Champ, M.A., Schafran, G.C., Cutter, G.A., M.U., 2000. Development of a Rapid Turnaround Analytical Method for TBT and Design, Construct and Evaluate a Pilot Plant Treatment Process to Remove TBT from Industrial Wastewater. CASRM Final Project Technical Report to EPA Office of Wastewater Management, 92 pp. + 3 Appendices.
  • 47
    • 0003170889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opportunistic settlers and the problem of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi invasion in the Black Sea
    • IMO, London
    • GESAMP. Opportunistic settlers and the problem of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi invasion in the Black Sea. GESAMP Reports and Studies no. 58 (1997), IMO, London
    • (1997) GESAMP Reports and Studies , vol.58
    • GESAMP1
  • 49
    • 0022847739 scopus 로고
    • TBT: an environmental dilemma
    • Goldberg E.D. TBT: an environmental dilemma. Environment 28 (1986) 17-44
    • (1986) Environment , vol.28 , pp. 17-44
    • Goldberg, E.D.1
  • 50
    • 0036083741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of ship hull fouling as a vector of species introduction into the North Sea
    • Gollasch S. The importance of ship hull fouling as a vector of species introduction into the North Sea. Biofouling 18 2 (2002) 105-121
    • (2002) Biofouling , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-121
    • Gollasch, S.1
  • 52
    • 0033838116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tin compounds and major trace metal elements in organotin-poisoned patient's urine and blood measured by gas chromatography-flame photometric detector and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
    • Gui-Bin J., Qun-Fang Z., and Bin H. Tin compounds and major trace metal elements in organotin-poisoned patient's urine and blood measured by gas chromatography-flame photometric detector and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 65 (2000) 277-284
    • (2000) Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , vol.65 , pp. 277-284
    • Gui-Bin, J.1    Qun-Fang, Z.2    Bin, H.3
  • 54
    • 0038131005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fuzzy set approach to flagging out: towards a new Chinese shipping policy
    • Haralambides H.E., and Yang J. A fuzzy set approach to flagging out: towards a new Chinese shipping policy. Marine Policy 27 (2003) 13-22
    • (2003) Marine Policy , vol.27 , pp. 13-22
    • Haralambides, H.E.1    Yang, J.2
  • 55
    • 0036311611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and biodiversity of tropical Australian marine bioinvasions
    • Hewitt C.L. The distribution and biodiversity of tropical Australian marine bioinvasions. Pacific Science 56 (2002) 213-222
    • (2002) Pacific Science , vol.56 , pp. 213-222
    • Hewitt, C.L.1
  • 56
    • 34250837992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butyltin in ballast water of merchant ships
    • Hua J., and Liu S.M. Butyltin in ballast water of merchant ships. Ocean Engineering 34 13 (2007) 1901-1907
    • (2007) Ocean Engineering , vol.34 , Issue.13 , pp. 1901-1907
    • Hua, J.1    Liu, S.M.2
  • 58
    • 85185702109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMO, 2005. Anti-fouling Systems. Available from: http://www.imo.org/Environment/mainframe.aspS.
    • IMO, 2005. Anti-fouling Systems. Available from: http://www.imo.org/Environment/mainframe.aspS.
  • 59
    • 0028790868 scopus 로고
    • Butyltins in muscle and liver of fish collected from certain Asian and Oceanian countries
    • Kannan K., Tanabe S., Iwata H., and Tatsukawa R. Butyltins in muscle and liver of fish collected from certain Asian and Oceanian countries. Environmental Pollution 90 3 (1995) 279-290
    • (1995) Environmental Pollution , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-290
    • Kannan, K.1    Tanabe, S.2    Iwata, H.3    Tatsukawa, R.4
  • 60
    • 0031468905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination by butyltin compounds in sediments from Thailand
    • Kan-Atireklap S., Tanabe S., and Sanguansin J. Contamination by butyltin compounds in sediments from Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34 11 (1997) 894-899
    • (1997) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.34 , Issue.11 , pp. 894-899
    • Kan-Atireklap, S.1    Tanabe, S.2    Sanguansin, J.3
  • 61
    • 0030694712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination by butyltin compounds and organochlorine residues in green mussel (Perna viridis, L.) from Thailand coastal waters
    • Kan-Atireklap S., Tanabe S., Sanguansin J., Tabucanon M.S., and Hungspreugs M. Contamination by butyltin compounds and organochlorine residues in green mussel (Perna viridis, L.) from Thailand coastal waters. Environmental Pollution 97 1-2 (1997) 79-89
    • (1997) Environmental Pollution , vol.97 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 79-89
    • Kan-Atireklap, S.1    Tanabe, S.2    Sanguansin, J.3    Tabucanon, M.S.4    Hungspreugs, M.5
  • 62
    • 33745288589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An economic analysis of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing: key drivers and possible solutions
    • Le Gallic B., and Cox A. An economic analysis of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing: key drivers and possible solutions. Marine Policy 30 (2006) 689-695
    • (2006) Marine Policy , vol.30 , pp. 689-695
    • Le Gallic, B.1    Cox, A.2
  • 63
    • 0032856078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global technical hexachlorocyclohexane usage and its contamination consequences in the environment from 1948 to 1997
    • Li Y.F. Global technical hexachlorocyclohexane usage and its contamination consequences in the environment from 1948 to 1997. Science of the Total Environment 232 (1999) 121-158
    • (1999) Science of the Total Environment , vol.232 , pp. 121-158
    • Li, Y.F.1
  • 64
    • 0141907793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open registers: past, present and future
    • Llácer F.J.M. Open registers: past, present and future. Marine Policy 27 (2003) 513-523
    • (2003) Marine Policy , vol.27 , pp. 513-523
    • Llácer, F.J.M.1
  • 65
    • 85185715101 scopus 로고
    • The impact of flags of convenience
    • Doganis R.S., and Metaxas B.N. (Eds), Polytechnic of Central London, London, UK Marine Policy 1(1), 85-86
    • Lowe V.A. The impact of flags of convenience. In: Doganis R.S., and Metaxas B.N. (Eds). Transport Studies Group Research Report 3 (1977), Polytechnic of Central London, London, UK Marine Policy 1(1), 85-86
    • (1977) Transport Studies Group Research Report 3
    • Lowe, V.A.1
  • 66
    • 0019372213 scopus 로고
    • Flags of convenience
    • Metaxas B.N. Flags of convenience. Marine Policy 5 1 (1981) 52-66
    • (1981) Marine Policy , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-66
    • Metaxas, B.N.1
  • 67
    • 0342681335 scopus 로고
    • Roughness and drag from the marine chemist's viewpoint
    • Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London
    • Milne A. Roughness and drag from the marine chemist's viewpoint. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Marine Roughness and Drag No. 12 (1990), Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London
    • (1990) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Marine Roughness and Drag , vol.12
    • Milne, A.1
  • 68
    • 85185706418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roughness and drag from the marine chemist's viewpoint
    • Cost-benefit analysis of the use of TBT: the case for a treatment approach. Abbott A., Abel P.D., Arnold D.W., and Milne A. (Eds)
    • Milne A. Roughness and drag from the marine chemist's viewpoint. In: Abbott A., Abel P.D., Arnold D.W., and Milne A. (Eds). Cost-benefit analysis of the use of TBT: the case for a treatment approach. Science of the Total Environment 258 (2000) 5-19
    • (2000) Science of the Total Environment , vol.258 , pp. 5-19
    • Milne, A.1
  • 69
    • 0036159851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imposex and tributyltin contamination as a consequence of the establishment of a marina, and increasing yachting activities at Phuket Island, Thailand
    • Michael B. Imposex and tributyltin contamination as a consequence of the establishment of a marina, and increasing yachting activities at Phuket Island, Thailand. Environmental Pollution 117 (2002) 421-429
    • (2002) Environmental Pollution , vol.117 , pp. 421-429
    • Michael, B.1
  • 70
    • 0037382145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fouling and ships' hulls: how changing circumstances and spawning events may result in the spread of exotic species
    • Minchin D., and Gollasch S. Fouling and ships' hulls: how changing circumstances and spawning events may result in the spread of exotic species. Biofouling 19 (2003) 111-122
    • (2003) Biofouling , vol.19 , pp. 111-122
    • Minchin, D.1    Gollasch, S.2
  • 71
    • 0034083395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in Prosobranchia (Gastropoda) abundances on the German North Sea coast: the role of the anti-fouling biocide tributyltin
    • Nehring S. Long-term changes in Prosobranchia (Gastropoda) abundances on the German North Sea coast: the role of the anti-fouling biocide tributyltin. Journal of Sea Research 43 2 (2000) 151-165
    • (2000) Journal of Sea Research , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-165
    • Nehring, S.1
  • 73
    • 45849140620 scopus 로고
    • Flags of convenience vessels: recent developments
    • Osieke E. Flags of convenience vessels: recent developments. American Journal of International Law 73 (1979) 604-627
    • (1979) American Journal of International Law , vol.73 , pp. 604-627
    • Osieke, E.1
  • 74
    • 0034815168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing imposex in populations of Bolinus brandaris (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the north-western Mediterranean
    • Ramon M., and Amor M.J. Increasing imposex in populations of Bolinus brandaris (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the north-western Mediterranean. Marine Environmental Research 52 5 (2001) 463-475
    • (2001) Marine Environmental Research , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 463-475
    • Ramon, M.1    Amor, M.J.2
  • 75
    • 0034813798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of imposex in Thais orbita from Port Phillip Bay (Victoria, Australia), following 10 years of regulation on use of TBT
    • Rees C.M., Brady B.A., and Fabris J.G. Incidence of imposex in Thais orbita from Port Phillip Bay (Victoria, Australia), following 10 years of regulation on use of TBT. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42 10 (2001) 873-878
    • (2001) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.42 , Issue.10 , pp. 873-878
    • Rees, C.M.1    Brady, B.A.2    Fabris, J.G.3
  • 76
    • 42149136784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International legal options for the control of biofouling on international vessels
    • 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.10.002
    • Roberts J., and Tsamenyi M. International legal options for the control of biofouling on international vessels. Marine Policy (2007) 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.10.002
    • (2007) Marine Policy
    • Roberts, J.1    Tsamenyi, M.2
  • 78
    • 0030619151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butyltins in sediments and deposit-feeding bivalves Scrobicularia plana from Arcachon Bay, France
    • Ruiz J.M., Szpunar J., and Donard O.F.X. Butyltins in sediments and deposit-feeding bivalves Scrobicularia plana from Arcachon Bay, France. Science of the Total Environment 198 (1997) 225-231
    • (1997) Science of the Total Environment , vol.198 , pp. 225-231
    • Ruiz, J.M.1    Szpunar, J.2    Donard, O.F.X.3
  • 79
    • 85185715459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savarese, J., 2005. Preventing and managing hull fouling: international, federal and state laws and policies. In: Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana. Retrieved November 21, 2007 from: .
    • Savarese, J., 2005. Preventing and managing hull fouling: international, federal and state laws and policies. In: Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana. Retrieved November 21, 2007 from: .
  • 80
    • 85185712767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Showalter, S., 2005. Restrictions on the use of marine antifouling paints containing tributyltin and copper. A white paper prepared by Showalter, S., Director Jason Savarese, Research Counsel October 2004 (Updated August 2005). Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: .
    • Showalter, S., 2005. Restrictions on the use of marine antifouling paints containing tributyltin and copper. A white paper prepared by Showalter, S., Director Jason Savarese, Research Counsel October 2004 (Updated August 2005). Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: .
  • 82
    • 0025165749 scopus 로고
    • A review of the degradation of tri (n-butyl) tin in the marine environment
    • Stewart C., and de Mora S.J. A review of the degradation of tri (n-butyl) tin in the marine environment. Environmental Technology 11 (1990) 565-570
    • (1990) Environmental Technology , vol.11 , pp. 565-570
    • Stewart, C.1    de Mora, S.J.2
  • 83
    • 0343391055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second order effects on commercial shipping of restrictions on the use of TBT
    • Strandenes S.P. The second order effects on commercial shipping of restrictions on the use of TBT. Science of the Total Environment 258 1-2 (2000) 111-117
    • (2000) Science of the Total Environment , vol.258 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 111-117
    • Strandenes, S.P.1
  • 84
    • 85185719391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stuer-Laundsen, F., Jensen M. P., Odgaard T., Olsen D., Ringgaard K., 2007. Ship Dismantling and Precleaning of Ships. European Commission Directorate General Environment, final report. Report no. 64622-02-1.
    • Stuer-Laundsen, F., Jensen M. P., Odgaard T., Olsen D., Ringgaard K., 2007. Ship Dismantling and Precleaning of Ships. European Commission Directorate General Environment, final report. Report no. 64622-02-1.
  • 85
    • 0032819891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butyltin contamination in marine mammals - a review
    • Tanabe S. Butyltin contamination in marine mammals - a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 39 1-12 (1999) 62-72
    • (1999) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.39 , Issue.1-12 , pp. 62-72
    • Tanabe, S.1
  • 87
    • 0032395449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What price the flag? The terms of competitiveness in shipping
    • Thanopoulou H.A. What price the flag? The terms of competitiveness in shipping. Marine Policy 22 4-5 (1998) 359-374
    • (1998) Marine Policy , vol.22 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 359-374
    • Thanopoulou, H.A.1
  • 90
    • 0036255437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative environmental assessment of biocides used in antifouling paints
    • Voulvoulis N., Scrimshaw M.D., and Lester J.N. Comparative environmental assessment of biocides used in antifouling paints. Chemosphere 47 7 (2002) 789-795
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 789-795
    • Voulvoulis, N.1    Scrimshaw, M.D.2    Lester, J.N.3
  • 91
    • 33644515356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gyrineum natator: a potential indicator of imposex along the Indian coast
    • Vishwakiran Y., Anil A.C., Venkat K., and Sawant S.S. Gyrineum natator: a potential indicator of imposex along the Indian coast. Chemosphere 62 (2006) 1718-1725
    • (2006) Chemosphere , vol.62 , pp. 1718-1725
    • Vishwakiran, Y.1    Anil, A.C.2    Venkat, K.3    Sawant, S.S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.