Anniversary Paper: A sampling of novel technologies and the role of medical physicists in radiation oncology

Medical Physics

Volumn 35, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 5641-5652

  Balter, Stephen ^a   Balter, James M ^b  

^a Department of Medicine   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

History; Innovation; Medical physics; Radiation oncology

Indexed keywords

HISTORY; MEDICAL PHYSICS; RADIOTHERAPY;

MEDICAL PHYSICISTS; RADIATION ONCOLOGY;

ONCOLOGY;

BRACHYTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DOSIMETRY; FLUOROSCOPY; HEALTH PHYSICS; HUMAN; METASTASIS; PANCREAS CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RADIOGRAPHY; REVIEW; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 57149122961     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.3021006     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. M. Weissbluth, C. J. Karzmark, R. E. Steele, and A. H. Selby, " The Stanford medical linear accelerator. II. Installation and physical measurements.," Radiology 72, 242-253 (1959).
2. E. L. Ginzton, K. B. Mallory, and H. S. Kaplan, " The Stanford medical linear accelerator. I. Design and development.," Stanford Med Bull 15, 123-140 (1957).
3. H. S. Kaplan and M. A. Bagshaw, " The Stanford medical linear accelerator. III. Application to clinical problems of radiation therapy.," Stanford Med Bull 15, 141-151 (1957).
4. P. R. Steed, " The Stanford medical linear accelerator. IV. Patient dosimetry.," Stanford Med Bull 15, 152-158 (1957).
5. M. Weissbluth and R. E. Steele, " Absorbed dose; proposed experiment for high energy x-ray beams.," Stanford Med Bull 15, 210-214 (1957).
6. R. Wilson, " Radiological use of fast protons.," Radiology 47, 487-491 (1946).
7. J. T. Brennan, " Fast neutrons for radiation therapy.," Radiol. Clin. North Am. 7, 365-374 (1969).
8. E. E. Stickley, " Neutron capture therapy: Slow neutron depth distribution measurements in tissue.," Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Ther. Nucl. Med. 75, 609-618 (1956).
9. H. S. Kaplan, H. A. Schwettman, W. M. Fairbank, D. Boyd, and M. A. Bagshaw, " A hospital-based superconducting accelerator facility for negative pi-meson beam radiotherapy.," Radiology 108, 159-172 (1973).
10. H. A. Grunder, and C. W. Leemann, " Present and future sources of protons and heavy ions.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 3, 71-80 (1977).
11. J. A. Linfoot, J. S. Nakagawa, E. Wiedemann, J. Lyman, C. Chong, J. Garcia, and J. H. Lawrence, " Heavy particle therapy: Pituitary tumors.," Bull. Los Angeles Neurol. Soc. 42, 175-189 (1977).
12. J. R. Castro and J. M. Quivey, " Clinical experience and expectations with helium and heavy ion irradiation.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 3, 127-131 (1977).
13. " SCRAD protocol for the dosimetry of x- and gamma-ray beams with maximum energies between 0-6 and 50 MeV. Scientific Committee on Radiation Dosimetry (SCRAD) of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine.," Phys. Med. Biol. 16, 379-396 (1971).
14. " SCRAD protocol for the dosimetry of high energy electrons, Scientific Committee on Radiation Dosimetry (SCRAD) of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine.," Phys. Med. Biol. 11, 505-520 (1966).
15. J. R. Cameron, F. Daniels, N. Johnson, and G. Kenney, " Radiation dosimeter utilizing the thermoluminescence of lithium fluoride.," Science 134, 333-334 (1961).
16. H. Johns and J. Cunningham, The Physics of Radiology, 3rd ed. (Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1969).
17. A. Eycleshymer and S. D., A Cross-Section Anatomy (Appleton-Century- Crofts, New York, 1970).
18. B. Emami, A. Melo, B. L. Carter, J. E. Munzenrider, and A. J. Piro, " Value of computed tomography in radiotherapy of lung cancer.," AJR, Am. J. Roentgenol. 131, 63-67 (1978).
19. K. C. Tsien, " The application of automatic computing machines to radiation treatment planning.," Br. J. Radiol. 28, 432-439 (1955).
20. R. J. Shalek and M. Stovall, " The M. D. Anderson method for the computation of isodose curves around interstitial and intracavitary radiation sources. I. Dose from linear sources.," Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Ther. Nucl. Med. 102, 662-672 (1968).
21. S. Balter, B. R. Freed, G. D. Ragazzoni, W. Siler, and J. S. Laughlin, " An extension of the Memorial system for implant dosimetry.," Radiology 87, 475-482 (1966).
22. T. Sterling, and H. Perry, " Cancer therapy-Computation and visualization of dose distribution in external beam therapy.," J. Chronic Dis. 19, 523-539 (1966).
23. J. G. Holt, S. Balter, A. Baker, J. S. Laughlin, and R. F. Phillips, " Experience with a dose distribution computation service.," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 161, 344-347 (1969).
24. W. F. Holmes, " External beam treatment-planning with the programmed console.," Radiology 94, 391-400 (1970).
25. J. M. Wilkinson, and W. J. Redmond, " Experience in implementing the Mark III Rad 8 system for radiotherapy dose computations.," Br. J. Radiol. 48, 732-738 (1975).
26. AAPM Report 10: A standard format for digital image exchange, 1982.
27. D. Greene, K. A. Nelson, and R. Gibb, " The use of a linear accelerator "Simulator" in radiotherapy.," Br. J. Radiol. 37, 394-397 (1964).
28. R. J. Horsley and R. H. Price, " Co60 simulator for treatment planning.," J. Can. Assoc. Radiol. 16, 25-29 (1965).
29. S. Kramer, D. Kusner, and W. G. Gunn, " Clinical experience with the Jefferson Hospital Radiotherapy Simulator.," Radiology 87, 134-136 (1966).
30. M. D. Tavener, " An x-ray simulator as a treatment planning machine.," Radiography 32, 25-37 (1966).
31. S. Balter, G. D. Ragazzoni, and J. S. Laughlin, " An automatic method for the identification and location of interstitial objects.," Radiology 85, 152-153 (1965).
32. J. M. Balter, K. L. Lam, H. M. Sandler, J. F. Littles, R. L. Bree, and R. K. Ten Haken, " Automated localization of the prostate at the time of treatment using implanted radiopaque markers: Technical feasibility.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 33, 1281-1286 (1995).
33. S. Takahashi, " Conformation radiotherapy. Rotation techniques as applied to radiography and radiotherapy of cancer.," Acta Radiol. Diagn. (Stockh) 242, 241 (1965).
34. J. W. Sofia, " Computer controlled, multileaf collimator for rotational radiation therapy.," AJR, Am. J. Roentgenol. 133, 956-957 (1979).
35. J. W. Wong, and R. M. Henkelman, " A new approach to CT pixel-based photon dose calculations in heterogeneous media.," Med. Phys. 10, 199-208 (1983).
36. R. Mohan, C. Chui, and L. Lidofsky, " Energy and angular distributions of photons from medical linear accelerators.," Med. Phys. 12, 592-597 (1985).
37. D. W. Rogers, and A. F. Bielajew, " Calculated buildup curves for photons with energies up to 60Co.," Med. Phys. 12, 738-744 (1985).
38. A. L. Boyer, Y. P. Zhu, L. Wang, and P. Francois, " Fast Fourier transform convolution calculations of x-ray isodose distributions in homogeneous media.," Med. Phys. 16, 248-253 (1989).
39. A. Eklof, A. Ahnesjo, and A. Brahme, " Photon beam energy deposition kernels for inverse radiotherapy planning.," Acta Oncol. 29, 447-454 (1990).
40. R. Mohan, and C. S. Chui, " Use of fast Fourier transforms in calculating dose distributions for irregularly shaped fields for three-dimensional treatment planning.," Med. Phys. 14, 70-77 (1987).
41. J. W. Wong, and J. A. Purdy, " On methods of inhomogeneity corrections for photon transport.," Med. Phys. 17, 807-814 (1990).
42. D. L. McShan, A. Silverman, D. M. Lanza, L. E. Reinstein, and A. S. Glicksman, " A computerized three-dimensional treatment planning system utilizing interactive colour graphics.," Br. J. Radiol. 52, 478-481 (1979).
43. C. A. Pelizzari, G. T. Chen, D. R. Spelbring, R. R. Weichselbaum, and C. T. Chen, " Accurate three-dimensional registration of CT, PET, and/or MR images of the brain.," J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 13, 20-26 (1989).
44. M. Goitein, M. Abrams, D. Rowell, H. Pollari, and J. Wiles, " Multi-dimensional treatment planning, II. Beam's eye-view, back projection, and projection through CT sections.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 9, 789-797 (1983).
45. G. W. Sherouse, K. Novins, and E. L. Chaney, " Computation of digitally reconstructed radiographs for use in radiotherapy treatment design.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 18, 651-658 (1990).
46. G. W. Sherouse, J. D. Bourland, K. Reynolds, H. L. McMurry, T. P. Mitchell, and E. L. Chaney, " Virtual simulation in the clinical setting: Some practical considerations.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 19, 1059-1065 (1990).
47. L. M. Chin, P. K. Kijewski, G. K. Svensson, and B. E. Bjarngard, " Dose optimization with computer-controlled gantry rotation, collimator motion and dose-rate variation.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 9, 723-729 (1983).
48. K. Kondo, A. Matsumiya, H. Karashima, S. Kimura, and K. Inamura, " A computer system for optimization of treatment planning in radiotherapy. The visual optimization by man-machine interaction.," Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 35, 328-341 (1975).
49. A. Brahme, J. E. Roos, and I. Lax, " Solution of an integral equation encountered in rotation therapy.," Phys. Med. Biol. 27, 1221-1229 (1982).
50. A. Brahme, " Design principles and clinical possibilities with a new generation of radiation therapy equipment.," Acta Oncol. 26, 403-412 (1987).
51. A. Brahme, " Optimization of stationary and moving beam radiation therapy techniques.," Radiother. Oncol. 12, 129-140 (1988).
52. T. Bortfeld, J. Burkelbach, R. Boesecke, and W. Schlegel, " Methods of image reconstruction from projections applied to conformation radiotherapy.," Phys. Med. Biol. 35, 1423-1434 (1990).
53. M. Langer, R. Brown, M. Urie, J. Leong, M. Stracher, and J. Shapiro, " Large scale optimization of beam weights under dose-volume restrictions.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 18, 887-893 (1990).
54. M. Carol, W. H. Grant III, D. Pavord, P. Eddy, H. S. Targovnik, B. Butler, S. Woo, J. Figura, V. Onufrey, R. Grossman, and R. Selkar, " Initial clinical experience with the Peacock intensity modulation of a 3-D conformal radiation therapy system.," Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. 66, 30-34 (1996).
55. W. A. Kalender, P. Vock, A. Polacin, and M. Soucek, " Spiral-CT: A new technique for volumetric scans. I. Basic principles and methodology.," Rontgenpraxis 43, 323-330 (1990).
56. T. W. Holmes, T. R. Mackie, and P. Reckwerdt, " An iterative filtered backprojection inverse treatment planning algorithm for tomotherapy.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 32, 1215-1225 (1995).
57. T. R. Mackie, T. Holmes, S. Swerdloff, P. Reckwerdt, J. O. Deasy, J. Yang, B. Paliwal, and T. Kinsella, " Tomotherapy: A new concept for the delivery of dynamic conformal radiotherapy.," Med. Phys. 20, 1709-1719 (1993).
58. J. Leong, " A digital image processing system for high energy x-ray portal images.," Phys. Med. Biol. 29, 1527-1535 (1984).
59. J. Leong, " Use of digital fluoroscopy as an on-line verification device in radiation therapy.," Phys. Med. Biol. 31, 985-992 (1986).
60. K. S. Lam, M. Partowmah, and W. C. Lam, " An on-line electronic portal imaging system for external beam radiotherapy.," Br. J. Radiol. 59, 1007-1013 (1986).
61. S. Shalev, T. Lee, K. Leszczynski, S. Cosby, T. Chu, L. Reinstein, and A. Meek, " Video techniques for on-line portal imaging.," Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 13, 217-226 (1989).
62. M. van Herk and H. Meertens, " A matrix ionisation chamber imaging device for on-line patient setup verification during radiotherapy.," Radiother. Oncol. 11, 369-378 (1988).
63. R. L. Cumberlin, J. E. Rodgers, and F. H. Fahey, " Digital image processing of radiation therapy portal films.," Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 13, 227-233 (1989).
64. H. Meertens, M. van Herk, and J. Weeda, " An inverse filter for digital restoration of portal images.," Phys. Med. Biol. 33, 687-702 (1988).
65. G. W. Sherouse, J. Rosenman, H. L. McMurry, S. M. Pizer, and E. L. Chaney, " Automatic digital contrast enhancement of radiotherapy films.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 13, 801-806 (1987).
66. E. L. Solowsky, L. E. Reinstein, and A. G. Meek, " An assessment of a film enhancement system for use in a radiation therapy department.," Med. Dosim. 15, 107-112 (1990).
67. F. Brix, A. Quirin, and F. Munster, " Practical application of digital therapy verification.," Strahlenther. Onkol. 166, 478-482 (1990).
68. G. X. Ding, S. Shalev, and G. Gluchev, " A rho-theta technique for treatment verification in radiotherapy and its clinical applications.," Med. Phys. 20, 1135-1143 (1993).
69. M. L. Graham, A. Y. Cheng, L. Y. Geer, W. R. Binns, M. W. Vannier, and J. W. Wong, " A method to analyze 2-dimensional daily radiotherapy portal images from an on-line fiber-optic imaging system.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 20, 613-619 (1991).
70. M. S. Weinhous, " Treatment verification using a computer workstation.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 19, 1549-1554 (1990).
71. J. W. Wong, E. D. Slessinger, R. E. Hermes, C. J. Offutt, T. Roy, and M. W. Vannier, " Portal dose images. I: Quantitative treatment plan verification.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 18, 1455-1463 (1990).
72. J. Bijhold, K. G. Gilhuijs, and M. van Herk, " Automatic verification of radiation field shape using digital portal images.," Med. Phys. 19, 1007-1014 (1992).
73. J. M. Balter, C. A. Pelizzari, and G. T. Chen, " Correlation of projection radiographs in radiation therapy using open curve segments and points.," Med. Phys. 19, 329-334 (1992).
74. J. Bijhold, M. van Herk, R. Vijlbrief, and J. V. Lebesque, " Fast evaluation of patient set-up during radiotherapy by aligning features in portal and simulator images.," Phys. Med. Biol. 36, 1665-1679 (1991).
75. K. Eilertsen, A. Skretting, and T. L. Tennvassas, " Methods for fully automated verification of patient set-up in external beam radiotherapy with polygon shaped fields.," Phys. Med. Biol. 39, 993-1012 (1994).
76. S. M. Jones, and A. L. Boyer, " Investigation of an FFT-based correlation technique for verification of radiation treatment setup.," Med. Phys. 18, 1116-1125 (1991).
77. W. C. Lam, M. G. Herman, K. S. Lam, and D. J. Lee, " On-line portal imaging: Computer-assisted error measurement.," Radiology 179, 871-873 (1991).
78. C. F. Serago, A. A. Lewin, P. V. Houdek, S. Gonzalez-Arias, J. G. Schwade, A. Abitbol, and V. Marcial-Vega, " Radiosurgery target point alignment errors detected with portal film verification.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 24, 777-780 (1992).
79. L. E. Antonuk, J. Boudry, W. Huang, D. L. McShan, E. J. Morton, J. Yorkston, M. J. Longo, and R. A. Street, " Demonstration of megavoltage and diagnostic x-ray imaging with hydrogenated amorphous silicon arrays.," Med. Phys. 19, 1455-1466 (1992).
80. W. Swindell, R. G. Simpson, J. R. Oleson, C. T. Chen, and E. A. Grubbs, " Computed tomography with a linear accelerator with radiotherapy applications.," Med. Phys. 10, 416-420 (1983).
81. P. S. Cho, R. H. Johnson, and T. W. Griffin, " Cone-beam CT for radiotherapy applications.," Phys. Med. Biol. 40, 1863-1883 (1995).
82. D. A. Jaffray, D. G. Drake, M. Moreau, A. A. Martinez, and J. W. Wong, " A radiographic and tomographic imaging system integrated into a medical linear accelerator for localization of bone and soft-tissue targets.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 45, 773-789 (1999).
83. D. A. Jaffray, and J. H. Siewerdsen, " Cone-beam computed tomography with a flat-panel imager: Initial performance characterization.," Med. Phys. 27, 1311-1323 (2000).
84. M. A. Mosleh-Shirazi, P. M. Evans, W. Swindell, S. Webb, and M. Partridge, " A cone-beam megavoltage CT scanner for treatment verification in conformal radiotherapy.," Radiother. Oncol. 48, 319-328 (1998).
85. R. K. Ten Haken, J. D. Forman, D. K. Heimburger, A. Gerhardsson, D. L. McShan, C. Perez-Tamayo, S. L. Schoeppel, and A. S. Lichter, " Treatment planning issues related to prostate movement in response to differential filling of the rectum and bladder.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 20, 1317-1324 (1991).
86. J. Troccaz, N. Laieb, P. Vassal, Y. Menguy, P. Cinquin, M. Bolla, and J. Y. Giraud, " Patient setup optimization for external conformal radiotherapy.," J. Image Guid Surg. 1, 113-120 (1995).
87. J. M. Balter, R. K. Ten Haken, T. S. Lawrence, K. L. Lam, and J. M. Robertson, " Uncertainties in CT-based radiation therapy treatment planning associated with patient breathing.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 36, 167-174 (1996).
88. R. M. Henkelman and K. Mah, " How important is breathing in radiation therapy of the thorax?," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 8, 2005-2010 (1982).
89. I. Jacobs, J. Vanregemorter, and P. Scalliet, " Influence of respiration on calculation and delivery of the prescribed dose in external radiotherapy.," Radiother. Oncol. 39, 123-128 (1996).
90. K. Ohara, T. Okumura, M. Akisada, T. Inada, T. Mori, H. Yokota, and M. J. Calaguas, " Irradiation synchronized with respiration gate.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 17, 853-857 (1989).
91. J. W. Wong, M. B. Sharpe, D. A. Jaffray, V. R. Kini, J. M. Robertson, J. S. Stromberg, and A. A. Martinez, " The use of active breathing control (ABC) to reduce margin for breathing motion.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 44, 911-919 (1999).
92. H. D. Kubo, and B. C. Hill, " Respiration gated radiotherapy treatment: A technical study.," Phys. Med. Biol. 41, 83-91 (1996).
93. H. Shirato, S. Shimizu, K. Kitamura, T. Nishioka, K. Kagei, S. Hashimoto, H. Aoyama, T. Kunieda, N. Shinohara, H. Dosaka-Akita, and K. Miyasaka, " Four-dimensional treatment planning and fluoroscopic real-time tumor tracking radiotherapy for moving tumor.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 48, 435-442 (2000).
94. T. Pan, " Comparison of helical and cine acquisitions for 4D-CT imaging with multislice CT.," Med. Phys. 32, 627-634 (2005).
95. E. Rietzel, T. Pan, and G. T. Chen, " Four-dimensional computed tomography: Image formation and clinical protocol.," Med. Phys. 32, 874-889 (2005).
96. J. J. Lagendijk, B. W. Raaymakers, A. J. Raaijmakers, J. Overweg, K. J. Brown, E. M. Kerkhof, R. W. van der Put, B. Hardemark, M. van Vulpen, and U. A. van der Heide, " MRI/linac integration.," Radiother. Oncol. 86, 25-29 (2008).
97. A. J. Raaijmakers, B. W. Raaymakers, and J. J. Lagendijk, " Magnetic-field-induced dose effects in MR-guided radiotherapy systems: Dependence on the magnetic field strength.," Phys. Med. Biol. 53, 909-923 (2008).
98. Y. Cao, C. Pan, J. M. Balter, J. F. Platt, I. R. Francis, J. A. Knol, D. Normolle, E. Ben-Josef, R. K. Ten Haken, and T. S. Lawrence, " Liver function after irradiation based on computed tomographic portal vein perfusion imaging.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 70, 154-160 (2008).
99. C. C. Ling, J. Humm, S. Larson, H. Amols, Z. Fuks, S. Leibel, and J. A. Koutcher, " Towards multidimensional radiotherapy (MD-CRT): Biological imaging and biological conformality.," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 47, 551-560 (2000).