Imaging and transcatheter arterial embolization for traumatic splenic injuries: Review of the literature

Canadian Journal of Surgery

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 464-472

  Raikhlin, Antony ^a,c   Baerlocher, Mark Otto ^a   Asch, Murray R ^b   Myers, Andy ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b LAKERIDGE HEALTH CORPORATION   (Canada)

^c NONE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57149119746     PISSN: 0008428X     EISSN: 14882310     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Robertson F, Leander P, Ekberg O. Radiology of the spleen. Eur Radiol 2001;11:80-95.
2. Schafermeyer R. Pediatric trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1993;11:187-205.
3. Powell M, Courcoulas A, Gardner M, et al. Management of blunt splenic trauma: significant differences between adults and children. Surgery 1997;122:654-60.
4. Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, et al. Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision). J Trauma 1995;38:323-4.
5. Mirvis SE, Whitley NO, Gens DR. Blunt splenic trauma in adults: CT-based classification and correlation with prognosis and treatment. Radiology 1989;171:33-9.
6. Resciniti A, Fink MP, Raptopoulos V, et al. Nonoperative treatment of adult splenic trauma: development of a computed tomographic scoring system that detects appropriate candidates for expectant management. J Trauma 1988;28:828-31.
7. Starnes S, Klein P, Magagna L, et al. Computed tomographic grading is useful in the selection of patients for nonoperative management of blunt injury to the spleen. Am Surg 1998;64:743-8;
8. Buntain WL, Gould HR, Maull KI. Predictability of splenic salvage by computed tomography. J Trauma 1988;28:24-34.
9. Gavant ML, Schurr M, Flick PA, et al. Predicting clinical outcome of nonsurgical management of blunt splenic injury: using CT to reveal abnormalities of splenic vasculature. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;168:207-12.
10. Sutyak JP, Chiu WC, D'Amelio LF, et al. Computed tomography is inaccurate in estimating the severity of adult splenic injury. J Trauma 1995;39:514-8.
11. Becker CD, Mentha G, Terrier F. Blunt abdominal trauma in adults: role of CT in the diagnosis and management of visceral injuries. Part 1: liver and spleen. Eur Radiol 1998;8:553-62.
12. Becker CD, Spring P, Glattli A, et al. Blunt splenic trauma in adults: Can CT findings be used to determine the need for surgery? AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;162:343-7.
13. Brasel KJ, DeLisle CM, Olson CJ, et al. Splenic injury: trends in evaluation and management. J Trauma 1998;44:283-6.
14. Federle MP, Goldberg HI, Kaiser JA, et al. Evaluation of abdominal trauma by computed tomography. Radiology 1981;138:637-44.
15. Federle MP, Griffiths B, Minagi H, et al. Splenic trauma: evaluation with CT. Radiology 1987;162:69-71.
16. Malangoni MA, Cue JI, Fallat ME, et al. Evaluation of splenic injury by computed tomography and its impact on treatment. Ann Surg 1990;211:592-7; discussion 597-9.
17. Peitzman AB, Heil B, Rivera L, et al. Blunt splenic injury in adults: Multi-institutional Study of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma 2000;49:177-87; discussion 187-9.
18. Davis KA, Fabian TC, Croce MA, et al. Improved success in nonoperative management of blunt splenic injuries: embolization of splenic artery pseudoaneurysms. J Trauma 1998;44:1008-13; discussion 1013-5.
19. Federle MP, Courcoulas AP, Powell M, et al. Blunt splenic injury in adults: clinical and CT criteria for management, with emphasis on active extravasation. Radiology 1998;206:137-42.
20. Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Boyd-Kranis R, et al. Nonsurgical management of blunt splenic injury: use of CT criteria to select patients for splenic arteriography and potential endovascular therapy. Radiology 2000;217:75-82.
21. Shanmuganathan K. Multi-detector row CT imaging of blunt abdominal trauma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2004;25:180-204.
22. Marmery H, Shanmuganathan K, Alexander MT, et al. Optimization of selection for nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury: comparison of MDCT grading systems. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;189:1421-7.
23. Miller LA, Shanmuganathan K. Multidetector CT evaluation of abdominal trauma. Radiol Clin North Am 2005;43:1079-95.
24. Thompson BE, Munera F, Cohn SM, et al. Novel computed tomography scan scoring system predicts the need for intervention after splenic injury. J Trauma 2006;60:1083-6.
25. Bisharat N, Omari H, Lavi I, et al. Risk of infection and death among post-splenectomy patients. J Infect 2001;43:182-6.
26. Cullingford GL, Watkins DN, Watts AD, et al. Severe late postsplenectomy infection. Br J Surg 1991;78:716-21.
27. Holdsworth RJ, Irving AD, Cuschieri A. Postsplenectomy sepsis and its mortality rate: actual versus perceived risks. Br J Surg 1991;78:1031-8.
28. Singer DB. Postsplenectomy sepsis. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 1973;1:285-311.
29. Waldron DJ, Harding B, Duignan J. Overwhelming infection occurring in the immediate post-splenectomy period. Br J Clin Pract 1989;43:421-2.
30. Nix JA, Costanza M, Daley BJ, et al. Outcome of the current management of splenic injuries. J Trauma 2001;50:835-42.
31. Harbrecht BG. Is anything new in adult blunt splenic trauma? Am J Surg 2005;190:273-8.
32. Haller JA Jr, Papa P, Drugas G, et al. Nonoperative management of solid organ injuries in children. Is it safe? Ann Surg 1994;219:625-8; discussion 628-31.
33. Upadhyaya P. Conservative management of splenic trauma: history and current trends. Pediatr Surg Int 2003;19:617-27.
34. Lyass S, Sela T, Lebensart PD, et al. Follow-up imaging studies of blunt splenic injury: Do they influence management? Isr Med Assoc J 2001;3:731-3.
35. Allins A, Ho T, Nguyen TH, et al. Limited value of routine followup CT scans in nonoperative management of blunt liver and splenic injuries. Am Surg 1996;62:883-6.
36. Lawson DE, Jacobson JA, Spizarny DL, et al. Splenic trauma: value of follow-up CT. Radiology 1995;194:97-100.
37. Thaemert BC, Cogbill TH, Lambert PJ. Nonoperative management of splenic injury: Are follow-up computed tomographic scans of any value? J Trauma 1997;43:748-51.
38. Stein DM, Scalea TM. Nonoperative management of spleen and liver injuries. J Intensive Care Med 2006;21:296-304.
39. Konstantakos AK, Barnoski AL, Plaisier BR, et al. Optimizing the management of blunt splenic injury in adults and children. Surgery 1999;126:805-12; discussion 812-3.
40. Haan J, Ilahi ON, Kramer M, et al. Protocol-driven nonoperative management in patients with blunt splenic trauma and minimal associated injury decreases length of stay. J Trauma 2003;55:317-21; discussion 321-2.
41. Rajani RR, Claridge JA, Yowler CJ, et al. Improved outcome of adult blunt splenic injury: a cohort analysis. Surgery 2006;140:625-32.
42. Velmahos GC, Toutouzas KG, Radin R, et al. Nonoperative treatment of blunt injury to solid abdominal organs: a prospective study. Arch Surg 2003;138:844-51.
43. Liu PP, Lee WC, Cheng YF, et al. Use of splenic artery embolization as an adjunct to nonsurgical management of blunt splenic injury. J Trauma 2004;56:768-72; discussion 773.
44. Sclafani SJ, Shaftan GW, Scalea TM, et al. Nonoperative salvage of computed tomography-diagnosed splenic injuries: utilization of angiography for triage and embolization for hemostasis. J Trauma 1995;39:818-25; discussion 826-7.
45. Sclafani SJ, Weisberg A, Scalea TM, et al. Blunt splenic injuries: nonsurgical treatment with CT, arteriography, and transcatheter arterial embolization of the splenic artery. Radiology 1991;181:189-96.
46. Haan JM, Biffl W, Knudson MM, et al. Splenic embolization revisited: a multicenter review. J Trauma 2004;56:542-7.
47. Haan J, Scott J, Boyd-Kranis RL, et al. Admission angiography for blunt splenic injury: advantages and pitfalls. J Trauma 2001;51:1161-5.
48. Hagiwara A, Yukioka T, Ohta S, et al. Nonsurgical management of patients with blunt splenic injury: efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167:159-66.
49. Dent D, Alsabrook G, Erickson BA, et al. Blunt splenic injuries: high nonoperative management rate can be achieved with selective embolization. J Trauma 2004;56:1063-7.
50. Sclafani SJ. The role of angiographic hemostasis in salvage of the injured spleen. Radiology 1981;141:645-50.
51. Keramidas DC. The ligation of the splenic artery in the treatment of traumatic rupture of the spleen. Surgery 1979;85:530-3.
52. Keramidas D, Buyukunal C, Senyuz O, et al. Splenic artery ligation: a ten-year experience in the treatment of selected cases of splenic injuries in children. Jpn J Surg 1991;21:172-7.
53. Bessoud B, Denys A. Main splenic artery embolization using coils in blunt splenic injuries: effects on the intrasplenic blood pressure. Eur Radiol 2004;14:1718-9.
54. Bessoud B, Denys A, Calmes JM, et al. Nonoperative management of traumatic splenic injuries: Is there a role for proximal splenic artery embolization? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006;186:779-85.
55. Anderson JH, VuBan A, Wallace S, et al. Transcatheter splenic arterial occlusion: an experimental study in dogs. Radiology 1977;125:95-102.
56. Keramidas DC, Kelekis D, Dolatzas T, et al. The collateral arterial network of the spleen following ligation of the splenic artery in traumatic rupture of the spleen; an arteriographic study. Z Kinderchir 1984;39:50-1.
57. Yoshioka H, Kuroda C, Hori S, et al. Splenic embolization for hypersplenism using steel coils. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985;144:1269-74.
58. Smith HE, Biffl WL, Majercik SD, et al. Splenic artery embolization: Have we gone too far? J Trauma 2006;61:541-4; discussion 545-6.
59. Killeen KL, Shanmuganathan K, Boyd-Kranis R, et al. CT findings after embolization for blunt splenic trauma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001;12:209-14.
60. Haan JM, Bochicchio GV, Kramer N, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury: a 5-year experience. J Trauma 2005;58:492-8.
61. Ekeh AP, McCarthy MC, Woods RJ, et al. Complications arising from splenic embolization after blunt splenic trauma. Am J Surg 2005;189:335-9.
62. Webb CW, Crowell K, Cravens D. Clinical inquiries. Which vaccinations are indicated after splenectomy? J Fam Pract 2006;55:711-2.
63. Davies JM, Barnes R, Milligan D. Update of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of infection in patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen. Clin Med 2002;2:440-3.
64. Shatz DV. Vaccination practices among North American trauma surgeons in splenectomy for trauma. J Trauma 2002;53:950-6.
65. Shatz DV. Vaccination considerations in the asplenic patient. Expert Rev Vaccines 2005;4:27-34.
66. Shatz DV, Romero-Steiner S, Elie CM, et al. Antibody responses in postsplenectomy trauma patients receiving the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 14 versus 28 days postoperatively. J Trauma 2002;53:1037-42.
67. Shatz DV, Schinsky MF, Pais LB, et al. Immune responses of splenectomized trauma patients to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 1 versus 7 versus 14 days after splenectomy. J Trauma 1998;44:760-5; discussion 765-6.
68. Balmer P, Falconer M, McDonald P, et al. Immune response to meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in asplenic individuals. Infect Immun 2004;72:332-7.
69. Konradsen HB, Rasmussen C, Ejstrud P, et al. Antibody levels against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b in a population of splenectomized individuals with varying vaccination status. Epidemiol Infect 1997;119:167-74.
70. Bessoud B, Duchosal MA, Siegrist CA, et al. Proximal splenic artery embolization for blunt splenic injury: clinical, immunologic, and ultrasound-Doppler follow-up. J Trauma 2007;62:1481-6.
71. Keramidas DC, Voyatzis N, Anagnostou D, et al. Ligation of the splenic artery; effects on the injured spleen and its function. J Pediatr Surg 1980;15:38-41.
72. Keramidas DC, Soutis M. The function of the spleen in adults after ligation of the splenic artery of the traumatized spleen in childhood. Surgery 2003;133:583-5.
73. Schwalke MA, Crowley JP, Spencer P, et al. Splenic artery ligation for splenic salvage: clinical experience and immune function. J Trauma 1991;31:385-8.