The body art of brotherhood

African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 269-293

  Posey, Sandra Mizumoto ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57049181915     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (53)

1. Michael Owen Jones, Studying Organizational Symbolism, vol. 39 of Qualitative Research Methods (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996), 4, 15.
2. Arnold Rubin, "General Introduction," in Marks of Civilization, ed. Arnold Rubin (Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, UCLA, 1988), 13.
3. Jason Shepard, interview with the author, June 30, 1996.
4. John McCaslin, "Yale Torture," Washington Times, September 24, 1999, A9; "Republican Candidates Look Like the Frat Pack," Grand Rapids Press, April 12, 1999, A9.
5. Kenny Klein, personal e-mail, August 26, 2001
6. Devyn Christofer Gillette, "Home Again: An Introduction to Blue Star Wicca," at http://beaufort.bravepages.com/bluetrad.html.
7. Natasha Chen, interview with the author, October 2, 1996.
8. Anonymous, interview with the author, September 30, 1996.
9. "Rutgers Sanctions Urged after Fraternity Branding," Arizona Republic, March 2, 1991, A7
10. James Ahearn, "Colleges Must Curb Fraternities, Drinking and Hazing Yield Tragic Consequences," Record, April 10, 1998.
11. Ed Vogel, "Bill Making Campus Hazing a Crime Heads to Guinn," Las Vegas Review, May 11, 1999, 5B.
12. William Todd and Edward Bolgiano, "Human Branding in College Fraternities: Round-up Time at 'Animal House,'" Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 14, no. 3 (1993): 400.
13. Jeffrey Resner, "Brand New Bodies," Time 154, no. 11 (September 13, 1999): 52.
14. Alene Fernandez, untitled single-page document, May 1975, UCLA Folklore and Mythology Archive.
15. Alan E. McKee, interview with the author, July 28, 1996.
16. Cecil Flournoy III, interview with the author, June 29, 1996.
17. Bob Green, Rebound: The Odyssey of Michael Jordan (Charlotte, NC: BT Bound, 1999
18. Ethan Robinson, interview with the author, November 27, 1995.
19. Dwight Perry, interview with the author, July 28, 1996.
20. Michael Owen Jones, "The Aesthetics of Everyday Life," in Self-Taught Art: The Culture and Aesthetics of American Vernacular Art, ed. Charles Russell (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001), 47-60.
21. Marcella Lynn McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities and African Communities: Cultural Parallels among Selected Public Rituals" (PhD diss., Bowling Green State University, 1998), 60.
22. Emil Hamberlin III, interview with the author, July 28, 1996.
23. John H. Lewis Sr., interview with the author, July 28, 1996.
24. Darryl Charles, interview with the author, August 8, 1996.
25. Mary H. Nooter, "Introduction: The Aesthetics and Politics of Things Unseen," in Secrecy: African Art that Conceals and Reveals, ed. Mary H. Nooter (New York: Museum for African Art, 1993), 23.
26. Don Spencer, interview with the author, July 27, 1996.
27. McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities," 103.
28. Marla C. Berns, "Ga'anda Scarification: A Model for Art and Identity," in Marks of Civilization, ed. Arnold Rubin, 59-60.
29. Paul Bohannan, "Beauty and Scarification amongst the Tiv," in Marks of Civilization, ed. Arnold Rubin, 79.
30. Mark Illes, interview with the author, December 3, 1995.
31. This edict from French King Louis XIV codified how slaves were to be handled. See "The Code Noir," Liberty, Equality and Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution, at http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/335/.
32. Carolyn E. Fick, The Making of Haiti: The Saint Domingue Revolution from Below (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1990), 53.
33. Luiz Emygdio de Mello Filho and Clarival do Prado Valladares, Albert Eckhout: Pintor de Mauricio de Nassau no Brasil, 1637/1644 (Rio de Janeiro: Livroarte Editora Limitada, 1981), 137.
34. Cornelius Dozier, interview with the author, July 27, 1996.
35. Ulysses Horne, interview with the author, July 29, 1996.
36. Sammy Ryan, interview with the author, July 25, 1996
37. Alex Hogue, interview with the author, July 25, 1996.
38. Jeffrey A. Tarver, interview with the author, July 27, 1996.
39. Dennis E. Florence, interview with the author, July 26, 1996.
40. McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities," 55.
41. Michael Owen Jones, Why Material Behavior? (Lafayette, LA: American Folklore Society, 1995), 6.
42. Resner, "Brand New Bodies," 52.
43. Ricky Lewis, interview with the author, June 28, 1996.
44. Kevin E. Walton Sr., interview with the author, July 27, 1996.
45. Billy Nichols, interview with the author, July 24, 1996.
46. Napolean Butler, interview with the author, July 11, 1996.
47. Darryl Butler, interview with the author, December 10, 1995.
48. Gary Morris, interview with the author, August 1, 1996.
49. Douglas Bell, interview with the author, September 15, 1996.
50. Jones, Studying Organizational Symbolism, 15.
51. Jones, Why Material Behavior? 5.
52. Victor Turner, The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966; reprint, 1991
53. bell hooks, Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1990), 104.