Predicting risk of water quality failures in distribution networks under uncertainties using fault-tree analysis

Urban Water Journal

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 287-304

  Sadiq, R ^a   Saint Martin, E ^a   Kleiner, Y ^b  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Distribution networks; Fault tree analysis; Frank copula; Fuzzy probability; North Battleford; Risk events; Walkerton; Water quality failure

Indexed keywords

FAULT TREE ANALYSIS; FUZZY SYSTEMS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS; WATER QUALITY;

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; ORGANIC COMPOUND; WATER QUALITY; WATER TREATMENT;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; ONTARIO [CANADA]; WALKERTON;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 57049179441     PISSN: 1573062X     EISSN: 17449006     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15730620802213504     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. American Water Works Association (AWWA) (2007) Chlorine Disinfectants/ Disinfectant By-Products (DBPs)
2. Edge, T. et al. (2003) Waterborne Pathogens, National Water Research Institute, Canada
3. Ferson, S. et al. (2004) Dependence in Dempster-Shafer Theory and Probability Bounds Analysis, Sandia National Laboratories, US
4. Frank, M. (1979) On the Simultaneous Associativity of and F(x, y) and x + y- F(x, y). Aequationes Mathematicae, 19, pp. 194-226.
5. Geldreich, E. E. (1990) Microbiological quality control in distribution systems. Water Quality and Treatment, American Water Works Association, McGraw-Hill, New York
6. Holsen, T. M., Park, J. K., Jenkins, D. and Shelleck, R. E. (1991) Contamination of potable water by permeation of plastic pipe. Journal of American Water Works Association, 83:8, pp. 53-56.
7. Hrudey, S. E. et al. (2003) A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in walkerton, ontario: Comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world. Water Science and Technology, 47:3, pp. 7-14.
8. Kirmeyer, G. J. et al. (2001) Pathogen intrusion into distribution system, AWWARF, Denver, Colarado
9. Kleiner, Y. (1998) Risk factors in water distribution systems. British-Colombia Water and Waste Association 26th Annual Conference Whistler, British-Columbia
10. Lee, H.-M. (1996) Applying fuzzy set theory to evaluate the rate of aggregative risk in software development. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 79, pp. 323-336.
11. Li, H. (2007) Hierarchical risk assessment of water supply systems, Loughborough University, Leicestershire
12. Maier, S. H. (1999) Modeling water quality for water distribution systems, Brunel University, Uxbridge
13. Ming-Hung, S. et al. (2006) Using intuitionistic fuzzy sets for fault-tree analysis on printed circuit board assembly. Microelectronics Reliability, 46:12, pp. 2139-2148.
14. Office of Laboratory Security (2001) Material Safety Data Sheet-Infectious Substances
15. Sadiq, R., Kleiner, Y. and Rajani, B. (2004) Aggregative risk analysis for water quality failure in distribution networks. Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology: Aqua, 53:4, pp. 241-261.
16. Sadiq, R., Kleiner, Y. and Rajani, B. (2007) Water quality failures in distribution networks-risk analysis using fuzzy logic and evidential reasoning. Risk Analysis-An International Journal, 27:5, pp. 1381-1394.
17. Stirling, M. D. et al. (2001) Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak North Battleford, Saskatchewan, Spring 2001
18. The Bonn Charter of Safe Drinking Water (2004) International Water Association (IWA). p. 18.
19. Thompson, C. and Jenkins, P. (1987) Review of water industry plastic pipe practices, AWWARF, Denver, Colorado
20. Vesely, W. E. (1987) Fault tree handbook, p. 218. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
21. Woo, D. and Vicente, K. J. (2003) Socio-technical systems, risk management, and public health: Comparing the North Battleford and Walkerton Outbreaks. Reliability Engineering and Safety Systems, 80:3, pp. 253-269.
22. Zadeh, L. A. (1965) Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8:3, pp. 338-353.
23. Zadeh, L. A. (1996) Fuzzy logic computing with words. IEEE Transactions of Fuzzy Systems, 4:2, pp. 103-111.
24. Zhao, Z. (2002) Risk Analysis of the Walkerton Drinking Water Contamination Tragedy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada