Seasonal changes in gravity wave activity measured by lidars at mid-latitudes

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 8, Issue 22, 2008, Pages 6775-6787

  Rauthe, M ^a,b   Gerding, M ^a   Lubken F J ^a  

^a Leibniz Institut für Atmosphaürenphysik   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL CYCLE; DATA SET; GRAVITY WAVE; LIDAR; MESOPAUSE; PLANETARY WAVE; SEASONAL VARIATION; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; WAVE DAMPING;

CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; GERMANY; KUHLUNGSBORN; MECKLENBURG-WEST POMERANIA;

EID: 57049172369     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-6775-2008     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Alexander, M. J.: Interpretations of observed climatological patterns in stratospheric gravity wave variance, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8627-8640, doi:10.1029/97JD03325, 1998.
2. Alexander, M. J. and Dunkerton, T. J.: A spectral parameterization of mean-flow forcing due to breaking gravity waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 4167-4182, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056(4167: ASPOMF) 2.0.CO;2, 1999.
3. Alexander, M. J., Gillw, J., Cavanaugh, C., M, C., Eden, T., Francis, G., Halvorson, C., Hannigan, J., Khosravi, R., Kinnison, D., Lee, H., Massie, S., Nardi, B., Barnett, J., Hepplewhite, C., Lambert, A., and Dean, V.: Global estimates of gravity wave momentum flux from High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15S18, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008807, 2008.
4. Allen, S. J. and Vincent, R. A.: Gravity wave activity in the lower atmosphere: Seasonal and latitudinal variations, J. Geophys. Res., 100,1327-1350, doi:10.1029/94JD02688, 1995.
5. Alpers, M., Eixmann, R., Fricke-Begemann, C., Gerding, M., and Höffner, J.: Temperature lidar measurements from 1 to 105 km altitude using resonance, Rayleigh, and rotational Raman scattering, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 793-800, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/793/2004/.
6. Dao, R D., Farely, R., Tao, X., and Gardner, C. S.: Lidar observations of the temperature profile between 25 and 105 km: Evidence of strong tidal perturbations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2825-2828, doi:10.1029/95GL02950, 1995.
7. Eckermann, S. D., Hirota, I., and Hocking, W. K.: Gravity wave and equatorial wave morphology of the stratosphere derived from long-term rocket soundings, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 149-186, doi:10.1256/smsqj.52107, 1995.
8. Ern, M., Preusse, P., Alexander, M. J., and Warner, C. D.: Absolute values of gravity wave momentum flux derived from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20103, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD004752, 2004.
9. Ern, M., Preusse, P., and Warner, C.: Some experimental constraints for spectral parameters used in the Warner and McIntyre gravity wave parameterization scheme, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4361-4381, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/4361/2006/.
10. Fleming, E. L., Chandra, S., Barnett, J. J., and Comey, M.: Zonal mean temperature, pressure, zonal wind, and geopotential height as functions of latitude, COSPAR international reference atmosphere: 1986, Part II: Middle atmosphere models, Adv. Space Res., 10, 11-59, doi:10.1016/0273-1177(90)90386-E, 1990.
11. Fricke-Begemann, C. and Höffner, J.: Temperature tides and waves near the mesopause from lidar observations at two latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19103, doi: 10.1029/2005JD00770, 2005.
12. Fritts, D. C.: Gravity waves, in: Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Science, edited by: Holton, J. R., Curry, J. A., and Pyle, J. A., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 1308-1314, 2003.
13. Fritts, D. C. and Alexander, M. J.: Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere, Rev. Geophys., 41, 3/1-64, doi: 10.1029/2001RG000106, 2003.
14. Fritts, D. C. and Hoppe, U.-R: High-resolution measurements of vertical velocity with the European incoherent scatter VHF radar 2. Spectral observations and model comparisons, J. Geophys. Res., 100,16827-16838, doi:10.1029/ 95JD01467, 1995.
15. Fritts, D. C. and VanZandt, T. E.: Spectral estimates of gravity wave evergy and momentum fluxes. Part I: Energy dissipation, acceleration, and constraints., J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3685-3694, 1993.
16. Gardner, C. S. and Voelz, D. G.: Lidar studies of the nighttime sodium layer over Urbana, Illinois, 2. Gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4673-4694, 1987.
17. Gardner, C. S., Miller, M. S., and Liu, C. H.: Rayleigh lidar ob-servations of gravity wave activity in the upper stratosphere at Urbana, Illinois, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1838-1854, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0469(1989)046(1838: RLOOGW)2.0.CO;2, 1989.
18. Gardner, C. S., Hostetier, C. A., and Franke, S. J.: Measurement distortion in aircraft, space shuttle and balloon observations of atmospheric density and temperature perturbation spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1023-1033, 1993.
19. Gerding, M., Rauthe, M., and Höffner, J.: Temperature soundings from 1 to 105 km altitude by combination of co-located lidars, and its application for gravity wave examination, in: Reviewed and revised papers presented at the 22nd International Laser Radar Conference, edited by Pappalardo, G. and Amodeo, A., vol. ESA SP-561, Nordwijk, The Netherlands, 567-570, 2004.
20. Gerding, M., Höffner, J., Lautenbach, J., Rauthe, M., and Liibken, F-J.: Seasonal variation of temperatures between 1 and 105 km altitude at 54° N by lidar, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 16175-16218, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/l 6175/2008/.
21. Hertzog, A., Vial, F., Mechoso, C. R., Basdevant, C., Cocquerez, P., Dubourg, V., and Nouel, F.: Planetary and gravity wave activity in the equatorial lower stratosphere as seen by ultralong duration balloons, Adv. Space Res., 30, 1381-1386, doi: 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00555-0, 2002.
22. Hines, C. O.: Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 1 : Basic formulation, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 59, 371-386, 1997a.
23. Hines, C. O.: Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 2: Broad and quasi monochromatic spectra, and implementation, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 59, 387-400, 1997b.
24. Hirota, I.: Climatology of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 767-773, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(84) 90057-6, 1984.
25. Hoffmann, P., Singer, W., and Keuer, D.: Variability of the mesospheric wind field at middle and Arctic latitudes in winter and its relation to stratospheric circulation disturbances, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 64, 1229-1240, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(02) 00071-8, 2002.
26. Holton, J. R.: The role of gravity wave induced drag and diffusion in the momentum budget of the mésosphère, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 791-799, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469( 1982)039(0791 :TROGWI) 2. 0.CO;2, 1982.
27. Holton, J. R. and Alexander, M. J.: The role of waves in the transport circulation of the middle atmosphere, in: Atmospheric science across the stratopause, edited by Siskind, D. E., Eckermann, S. D., and Summers, M. E., vol. 123 of AGU Monograph Series, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, USA, 21-35, 2000.
28. Krebsbach, M. and Preusse, P.: Spectral analysis of gravity wave activity in SABER temperature data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03814, doi:10.1029/2006GL028040, 2007.
29. Lindzen, R. S.: Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707-9714, 1981.
30. McLandress, C.: On the importance of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere and their parameterization in general circulation models, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 60, 1357-1383, doi: 10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00061-3,1998.
31. Mitchell, N. J., Thomas, L., and Marsh, A. K. P.: Lidar observations of long-period gravity waves in the stratosphere, Ann. Geophys., 9, 588-596, 1991, http://www.ann-geophys.net/9/588/1991/.
32. Nakamura, T., Tsuda, T., Fukao, S., Manson, A. H., Meek, C. E., Vincent, R. A., and Reid, I. M.: Mesospheric gravity waves at Saskatoon (52° N), Kyoto (35° N), and Adelaide (35° S), J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7005-7012, doi:10.1029/95JD03826, 1996.
33. Offermann, D., Jarisch, M., Oberheide, J., Gusev, O., Wohltmann, I., Russell III, J. M., and Mlynczak, M. G.: Global wave activity from upper stratosphere to lower thermosphere: A new turbopause concept, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 1709-1729, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.01.013, 2006.
34. Preusse, P., Em, M., Eckermann, S. D., Warner, C. D., Picard, R. H., Knieling, P., Krebsbach, M., Russell III, J. M., Mlynczak, M. G., Mertens, C. J., and Riese, M.: Tropopause to mesopause gravity waves in August: Measurement and modeling, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 1730-1751, doi:10.1016/j.jastp. 2005.10. 019, 2006.
35. Rapp, M., Strelnikov, B., Müllemann, A., Ltibken, F.-J., and Fritts, D. C: Turbulence measurements and implications for gravity wave dissipation during the MaCWAVE/MIDAS rocket program, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24S07, doi:10.1029/2003GL019325, 2004.
36. Rauthe, M., Gerding, M., Höffner, J., and Ltibken, F.-J.: Lidar temperature measurements of gravity waves over Kühlungsborn (54° N) from 1 to 105 km: A winter-summer comparison, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24108, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007354, 2006.
37. Schöch, A., Baumgarten, G., Fritts, D. C., Hoffmann, P., Serafimovich, A., Wang, L., Dalin, P., Müllemann, A., and Schmidlin, F J.: Gravity waves in the troposphere and stratosphere during the MaCWAVE/MIDAS summer rocket program, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24S04, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL019837,2004.
38. Serafimovich, A., Hoffmann, P., Peters, D., and Lehmann, V.: Investigation of intertia-gravity waves in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere over Northern Germany observed with collocated VHF/UHF radars, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 295-310, 2005,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/295/2005/.
39. She, C. Y. and von Zahn, U.: Concept of a two-level mesopause: Support through new lidar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 5855-5863, doi:10.1029/97JD03450, 1998.
40. Shepherd, M. and Fricke-Begemann, C.: Study of tidal variations in mesospheric temperature at low and mid latitudes from WINDII and potassium lidar observations, Ann. Geophys., 22, 1513-1528, 2004, http://www.ann-geophys.net/ 22/1513/2004/.
41. Sica, R. J., Sargoytchev, S., Argall, P. S., Borra, E. F., and Girard, L.: Lidar measurements taken with a large-aperture liquid mirror: 1. Rayleigh-scatter system, Appl. Opt., 34, 6925-6936, 1995.
42. Sofieva, V. F., Kyrölä, E., Hassinen, S., Backman, L., Tamminen, J., Seppälä, A., Thölix, L., Gurvich, A. S., Kan, V., Dalaudier, F., Hauchecorne, A., Bertaux, J.-L., Fussen, D., Vanhellemont, F., Fanton d'Andon, O., Barrot, G., Mangin, A., Guirlet, M., Fehr, T., Snoeij, P., Saavedra, L., Koopman, R., and Fraisse, R.: Global analysis of scintillation variance: Indication of gravity wave breaking in the polar winter upper stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett, 34, L03812, doi:10.1029/2006GL028132, 2007.
43. Stockwell, R. G. and Lowe, R. P.: Airglow imaging of gravity waves - 1. Results from a small network of OH nightglow scanning imagers, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17185-17203, doi: 10.1029/2001JD900035, 2001.
44. Suzuki, S., Shiokawa, K., Otsuka, Y., Ogawa, T., and Wilkinson, P.: Statistical characteristics of gravity waves observed by an allsky imager at Darwin, Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20S07, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004336, 2004.
45. Torrence, C. and Compo, G. P.: A practical guide to wavelet analysis, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 61-78, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0477(1998)079(0061: APGTWA)2.0.CO;2, 1998.
46. Tsuda, T., Nishida, M., Rocken, C., and Ware, R. H.: A global morphology of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere revealed by the GPS occultation data (GPS/MET), J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7257-7273, doi: 10.1029/1999JD901005, 2000.
47. Vincent, R. A. and Alexander, M. J.: Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: An observational study of seasonal and annual variability, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17 971-17982, doi: 10.1029/2000JD900196, 2000.
48. Wang, L. and Geller, M. A.: Morphology of gravity-wave energy as observed from 4 years (1998-2001) of high vertical resolution U.S. radiosonde data, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4489, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002786, 2003.
49. Warner, C. D. and McIntyre, M. E.: An ultrasimple spectral parameterization for nonorographic gravity waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1837-1857, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058(1837:AUSPFN) 2.0.CO;2, 2001.
50. Whiteway, J. A. and Carswell, A. I.: Lidar observations of gravity wave activity in the upper stratosphere over Toronto, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14113-14 124, doi : 10.1029/95 JD00511, 1995.
51. Williams, B. P., Fritts, D. C., Wang, L., She, C.-Y., Vance, J. D., Schmidlin, F J., Goldberg, R. A., Müllemann, A., and Lübken, F-J.: Gravity waves in the arctic mésosphère during the MaCWAVE/MIDAS summer rocket program, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24S05, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL020049, 2004.
52. Wilson, R., Chanin, M. L., and Hauchecorne, A.: Gravity waves in the middle atmosphere observed by Rayleigh lidar - 1. Case studies, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5153-5167, 1991a.
53. Wilson, R., Chanin, M. L., and Hauchecorne, A.: Gravity waves in the middle atmosphere observed by Rayleigh lidar - 2. Climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5169-5183, 1991b.
54. Wu, D. L. and Waters, J. W: Gravity-wave-scale temperature fluctuations seen by UARS MLS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3289-3292, doi:10.1029/96GL02924, 1996a.
55. Wu, D. L. and Waters, J. W.: Satellite observations of atmospheric variances: A possible indication of gravity waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3631-3634, doi:10.1029/96GL02907, 1996b.