Sovereigns and citizens in close encounter: Airport anthropology and customs regimes in neoliberal Ghana

American Ethnologist

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 519-538

  Chalfin, Brenda ^a  

^a University of Florida ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Affect; Aviation; Citizenship; Customs regimes; Neoliberalism; Sovereignty; Transnationalism; Ttravel

Indexed keywords

EID: 57049171909     PISSN: 00940496     EISSN: 15481425     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1425.2008.00096.x     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Abrams, Philip 1988 Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State. Journal of Historical Sociology 1(1):58-89.
2. Agamben, Giorgio 1998 Homo Sacer. Stanford: Stanford University Press
3. Airport Technology 2001 Kotoka International Airport (ACC/DGAA), Accra, Ghana. Electronic document, http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/ kotoka, accessed February 9, 2002.
4. Andreas, Peter 2000 Border Games: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
5. Anim-Asante, Joseph 1988 A Descriptive List of the Records of the Customs Department in the National Archives of Ghana, Accra. M.A. thesis, Department of Library and Archival Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.
6. Appadurai, Arjun 1996 Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
7. Aretxaga, Begoña 2003 Maddening States. Annual Review of Anthropology 32:393-410.
8. Arrighi, Giovanni 2000 Globalization, State Sovereignty and the "Endless" Accumulation of Capital. In The Ends of Globalization. David Smith, Dee Solinger, and Steven Topik eds. Pp. 53-73. London: Routledge.
9. Aryeetey, Ernest, and Jane Harrigan 2000 Macroeconomic and Sectoral Developments since 1970. In Economic Reforms in Ghana: The Miracle and the Mirage. Ernest Aryeetey, Jane Harrigan, and Machiko Nissanke, eds. Pp. 5-31. Oxford: James Currey.
10. Aryeetey, Ernest, and Finn Tarp 2000 Structural Adjustment and After: Which Way Forward? In Economic Reforms in Ghana: The Miracle and the Mirage. Ernest Aryeetey, Jane Harrigan, and Machiko Nissanke, eds. Pp. 344-363. Oxford: James Currey.
11. Augé, Marc 1995 Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Super-modernity. London: Verso.
12. Ayee, Joseph, ed. 2001 Deepening Democracy in Ghana: The Politics of the 2000 Elections, vol. 1. Accra: Freedom Publications.
13. AZ Airports On-Line 2004 Kotoka International Airport (ACC/DGAA). Electronic document, http://www.azworldairports.com/airports/ p1610acc.htm, accessed January 19.
14. Azhar Architecture 2005a Profile: Consultancy Experience. Electronic document, http://www.azhararchitecture.com/profile_experience.htm, accessed April 8.
15. Azhar Architecture 2005b Projects: Kotoka Airport, Accra, Ghana. Electronic document, http://www.azhararchitecture.com/ Project_99_Kotoka.htm, accessed April 8.
16. Bierstecker, Thomas, and Cynthia Weber 1996 The Social Construction of State Sovereignty. In State Sovereignty as Social Construct. Thomas Bierstecker and Cynthia Weber, eds. Pp. 1-21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17. Blay-Amihere, Kabral 2001 Back on the Block: Getting It Right at Accra International Airport. Independent, March 29.
18. Boachie, Joe 2003 The Liberalization Experience: The Case of Ghana. Paper presented at the seminar prior to the ICAO Worldwide Air Transport Conference "Aviation in Transition: Challenges and Opportunities of Liberalization," Montreal, March 22-23.
19. Bodin, Jean 1992 On Sovereignty: Four Chapters from Six Books of the Commonwealth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20. Bourdieu, Pierre 1984 Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Richard Nice, trans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
21. Bruner, Edward 1996 Tourism in Ghana. American Anthropologist 98(2):390-404.
22. Brydon, Lynne, and Karen Legge 1996 Adjusting Society: The World Bank, the IMF and Ghana. Oxford: Tauris.
23. Butler, Judith 2004 Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso.
24. Carter, Gwendolen 1958 The Commonwealth in Africa. Toronto: Canadian Institute of International Affairs.
25. Center for Democracy and Development-Ghana 2001 Corruption Report. Legon-Accra: Center for Democracy and Development-Ghana and World Bank.
26. Cetina, Karin, and Urs Bruegger 2002 Global Microstructures: The Virtual Societies of Financial Markets. American Journal of Sociology 107(4):905-950.
27. Chalfin, Brenda 2001 Working the Border: Constructing Sovereignty in the Context of Liberalization. Political and Legal Anthropology Review 24(1):129-148.
28. Chalfin, Brenda 2004 Border Scans: Sovereigntly, Surveillance and the Customs Service in Ghana. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 11(3):397-416.
29. Chalfin, Brenda 2008 Cars, the Customs Service and Sumptuary Rule in Contemporary Ghana. Comparative Studies in Society and History 50(2):424-453.
30. Coutin, Susan 2005 Being En Route. American Anthropologist 107(2):195-206.
31. Darkwah, Akosua 2002 Going Global: Ghanaian Female Transnational Traders in an Era of Globalization. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
32. Davidson, Basil 1989 Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah. Boulder, CO: Westview.
33. Dogbe, Esi 2003 Elusive Modernity: Portraits of the City in Popular Ghanaian Video. In Leisure in Urban Africa. Paul Zeleza and Cassandra Veney, eds. Pp. 227-248. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
34. Donnan, Hastings, and Thomas Wilson 1999 Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation and State. Oxford: Berg.
35. Durkheim, Emile 1964 The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press.
36. Economic Commission for Africa 1999 Decision Relating to the Implementation of the Yamoussoukro Declaration Concerning the Liberalisation of Access to Air Transport Markets in Africa. Annex 1. ECA/RCID/CM.CIVAV/99/RPT. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa.
37. Economic Commission for Africa 2001 Liberalization of Air Transport Markets Access in Africa. Report presented at the Sub-Regional Meeting on the Implementaion of the Yamoussoukro Decision, Bamako, Mali, March 12-14. ECA/RCID/TPTCOM/MTG/2001/2. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa.
38. Export Credits Guarantee Department 2002 Ghanaian Airport Upgrade Makes Successful Landing. Ref no: 23/02. September 23. Electronic document, http://nds.coi. gov.uk/Content/Detail.asp?ReleaseID= 43114&NewsAreaID=2, accessed February 9, 2004.
39. FDCH Regulatory Intelligence Database 2001 United States Committed to Helping Improve Africa's Air Safety. Agency Group 06. June 28. USDOT press release. Electronic document, http://www.dot.gov/affairs/ dot6701.htm, accessed February 2, 2003.
40. Fine, Ben, and Kwabena Boateng 2000 Labour and Employment under Structural Adjustment. In Economic Reforms in Ghana: The Miracle and the Mirage. Ernest Aryeetey, Jane Harrigan, and Machiko Nissanke, eds. Pp. 227-245. Oxford: James Currey.
41. Foucault, Michel 1978 Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Random House.
42. Foucault, Michel 1991 Governmentality. In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller, eds. Pp. 87-104. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
43. Geertz, Clifford 1973 The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
44. Ghana Civil Aviation Authority 2004a Gateway Project. Electronic document, http://www.gcaa.com.gh/gcaagateway.htm, accessed February 9.
45. Ghana Civil Aviation Authority 2004b Kotoka International Airport Development Project. Electronic document, http://www.gcaa.com.gh/ kotoka.html, accessed February 9.
46. Ghana Civil Aviation Authority 2004c Kotoka International Airport Operating Statistics. Electronic document, http://www.gcaa.com.gh/ airport_stats.html, accessed February 9.
47. Ghana Civil Aviation Authority 2004d Travel and Flight Information Guide. Electronic document, http://www.gcaa.com.gh/market.htm, accessed February 9.
48. Ghana Civil Aviation Authority N.d. Terms of Reference for Gateway Project. Accra: Ghana Civil Aviation Authority.
49. Ghanaian Chronicle 2002 Ghanaian Ring Busted in USA, UK. Ghanaian Chronicle, July 26.
50. Glick Schiller, Nina, and Georges Fouron 1999 Georges Woke Up Laughing: Long Distance Nationalism and the Search for Home. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
51. Goldstein, Andrea 2001 Infrastructure Development and Regulatory Reformin Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Air Transport. World Economy 24(2):221-248.
52. Gramsci, Antonio 1971 Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell, eds. and trans. New York: International.
53. Gyimah-Boadi, E. 2001 A Peaceful Turnover in Ghana. Journal of Democracy 12(2):103-118.
54. Hashmi, Sohail 1997 Introduction. In State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in International Relations. Sohail Hashmi, ed. Pp. 1-14. University Park: Penn State University Press.
55. Hasty, Jennifer 2003 Rites of Passage, Routes of Redemption: Emancipation Tourism and the Wealth of Culture. Africa Today 49(3):47-78.
56. Hasty, Jennifer 2004 The Pleasures of Corruption: Desire and Discipline in Ghanaian Political Culture. Cultural Anthropology 20(2):271-301.
57. Herzfeld, Michael 1997 Cultural Intimacy: Social Poetics in the Nation-State. New York: Routledge.
58. Herzfeld, Michael 2005 Political Optics and the Occlusion of Intimate Knowledge. American Anthropologist 107(3):369-376.
59. Heyman, Josiah 1995 Putting Power in the Anthropology of Bureaucracy: The Immigration and Naturalization Service at the Mexico-United States Border. Current Anthropology 36(2):261-287.
60. Hobbes, Thomas 1968[1660] Leviathan. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
61. Humphrey, Caroline 2004 Sovereignty. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics. Joan Vincent and David Nugent, eds. Pp. 418-437. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
62. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2002 Western and Central African Office, First Meeting of Directors General of Civil Aviation. Agenda Item 4: Air Transport and Liberalization. DGCA-1-WP/14. Dakar: Western and Central African Office, ICAO.
63. Intertec 2003 Kotoka International Airport, Ghana. Reference Project. Electronic document, http://www.intertec.dk, accessed March 1.
64. Jessop, Bob 1999 Narrating the Future of the National Economy and the National State. In State/Culture: State Formation after the Cultural Turn. George Steinmetz, ed. Pp. 378-405. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
65. Kane, Abdoulaye 2002 Senegal's Village Diaspora and the People Left Ahead. In The Transnational Family. Deborah Bryceson, ed. Pp. 245-263. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
66. Kelly, Lynette 2004 Migpol-United Kingdom. Migration Policy in the UK. Berlin: European Migration Center.
67. Knipe, Michael 2000 Open Skies. April 18. Electronic document, http://www.pioneer_news.com/reports/ghana/report_ghanap23.html, accessed February 9, 2004.
68. Kopytoff, Igor 1987 The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional Societies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
69. Koser, Khalid 2003 Introduction. In New African Diasporas. Khalid Koser, ed. Pp. 1-16. London: Routledge.
70. Kratochwil, Friedrich 1986 Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality. World Politics 39(1):27-52.
71. Lee, Benjamin, and Edward Lipuma 2004 Financial Derivatives and the Globalization of Risk. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
72. Linke, Uli 2006 Contact Zones: Rethinking the Sensual Life of the State. Anthropological Theory 6(2):205-225.
73. Locke, John 1884 Two Treatises on Civil Government. London: Routledge.
74. Lyons, Gene, and Michael Mastanduno 1995 Introduction: International Intervention, State Sovereignty, and the Future of International Society. In Beyond Westphalia. Gene Lyons and Michael Mastanduno, eds. Pp. 1-20. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
75. MacGaffey, Janet, and Remy Bazanguissa-ganga 2000 Congo-Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law. London: International African Institute.
76. Manuh, Takyiwaa 2000 Migrants and Citizens: Economic Crisis in Ghana and the Search for Opportunity in Toronto, Canada. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University.
77. Marcus, George, and Michael Fischer 1986 Anthropology as Cultural Critique. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
78. Merriam, Charles 1900 History of the Theory of Sovereignty since Rousseau. New York: Columbia University Press.
79. Meyer, Birgit 1998 The Power of Money: Politics, Occult Forces, and Pentecostalism in Ghana. African Studies Review 41(3):15-38.
80. Mitchell, Timothy 1991 The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics. American Political Science Review 85(1): 77-96.
81. Navaro-Yashin, Yael 2002 Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
82. Nugent, Paul 2002 Smugglers, Secessionists and Loyal Citizens on the Ghana-Togo Frontier. Oxford: James Currey.
83. Ong, Aihwa 1999 Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
84. Ong, Aihwa 2006 Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
85. PAI Group 2003 Contracts. Electronic document, http://www.paigroup.com/ pai contracts.htm, accessed March 1.
86. Painter, John, and Chris Philo 1995 Spaces of Citizenship. Political Geography 14(2):107-120.
87. Pedersen, Poul Ove 2001 The Freight Transport and Logistical System of Ghana. CDR Working Paper, 01.2. Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research.
88. Philpott, Daniel 2001 Revolutions in Sovereignty. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
89. Philpott, Daniel 2003 Sovereignty. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Electronic document, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sovereignty/, accessed March 1.
90. Prescott, J. R. V. 1987 Political Frontiers and Boundaries. London: Unwin Hyman.
91. Republic of Ghana 1999 Comprehensive Development Framework. November. Accra: Ministry of Roads and Transport.
92. Rothchild, Donald 1991 Ghana and Structural Adjustment: An Overview. In Ghana: The Political Economy of Recovery. Donald Rothchild, ed. Pp. 3-17. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
93. Ruggie, John 1993 Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations. International Organization 47(1):139-174.
94. Sassen, Saskia 1996 Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization. New York: Columbia University Press.
95. Sassen, Saskia 1998 Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: New Press.
96. Sassen, Saskia 2000 Spatialities and Temporalities of the Global: Elements for a Theorization. Public Culture 12(1):215-232.
97. Sassen, Saskia 2002 The Repositioning of Citizenship. Berkeley Journal of Sociology 46:5-26.
98. Schmitt, Carl 1985 Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
99. Simone, Abdou Maliq 2001 On the Worlding of African Cities. African Studies Review 44(2):15-41.
100. Solignac-Lecomte, Henri 2002 Ghana Case Study. DCD(2000)10/ANN2. Report presented at the OECD DAC Workshop, Paris, May 29-30.
101. Stewart, Kathleen 1996 A Place on the Side of the Road. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
102. Sumprim, A. K. 2000 The Imported Ghanaian: Call the Fashion Police. Dispatch, October 18-24: 3.
103. Swindell, Kenneth 1995 People on the Move in West Africa. In The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. Robin Cohen, ed. Pp. 196-202. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
104. Taussig-Rubbo, Mateo 2007 The Sovereign's Gift: Reciprocity and Invisibility in U.S. Immigration Detention Camps. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago.
105. Trouillot, Michel-Rolph 2001 The Anthropology of the State in the Age of Globalization. Current Anthropology 42(1):125-138.
106. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2000 Ghana: US, Ghana Reach Agreement on Open Skies. Relief web. IRIN update 679. Electronic document, http://www.reliefweb/int/w/rwb/nsf/0, accessed March 20.
107. Van Dijk, Rijk 2002 Religion, Reciprocity and Restructuring Family Responsibility in the Ghanaian Pentecostal Diaspora. In The Transnational Family: New European Frontiers and Global Networks. Deborah Bryceson and Ulla Vuorela, eds. Pp. 173-196. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
108. Weber, Cynthia 1995 Simulating Sovereignty: Intervention, the State and Symbolic Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
109. Weber, Max 1978 Economy and Society. New York: Bedminster.
110. West, Harry, and Todd Sanders 2003 Power Revealed and Concealed in the New World Order. In Transparency and Conspiracy: Ethnographies of Suspicion in the New World Order. Harry West and Todd Sanders, eds. Pp. 1-37. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
111. Whitfield, Lindsay 2005 Trustees of Development from Conditionality to Governance: Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers in Ghana. Journal of Modern African Studies 43(4):641-664.
112. World Bank 1984 Ghana: Policies and Programs for Adjustment. Washington, DC: World Bank.
113. World Bank 1994 Adjustment in Africa: Lessons from Case Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank.
114. World Bank 2003 Toward Country-Led Development: Findings from Six Country Case Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank.
115. World Customs Organization (WCO) 2002 The Institution of Customs. Brussels: World Customs Organization.
116. World Customs Organization (WCO) 2003 WCO General Secretariat document SG0144E2, October 6. Brussels: World Customs Organization.
117. World Trade Organization (WTO) 2003a Agreement on Customs Valuation. Electronic document, http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/eol/e/ wto03/wto3_64.htm, accessed September 5.
118. World Trade Organization (WTO) 2003b VAL: Method 1 - Transaction Value. Electronic document, http://www.wto.org/wto/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/ eol/e/wto03/wto3-38.htm, accessed January 25.
119. Yeboah, Ian 2003 Demographic and Housing Aspects of Structural Adjustment and Emerging Urban Formin Accra, Ghana. Africa Today 50(1):107-119.