메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 528-540

Review of goal attainment scaling as a useful outcome measure in psychogeriatric patients with cognitive disorders

Author keywords

Clinimetrics; Daily life activities; Ecological validity; Everyday functioning; Feasibility; Individualized approach

Indexed keywords

DONEPEZIL; GALANTAMINE; LINOPIRDINE;

EID: 57049151302     PISSN: 14208008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000178757     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association:, ed 4. Washington, American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 4. Washington, American Psychiatric Association, 1995.
    • (1995) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 2
    • 39649105037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex interventions to improve physical function and maintain independent living in elderly people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Beswick AD, Rees K, Dieppe P, Ayis S, Gooberman-Hill R, Horwood J, et al: Complex interventions to improve physical function and maintain independent living in elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2008;371:725-735.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 725-735
    • Beswick, A.D.1    Rees, K.2    Dieppe, P.3    Ayis, S.4    Gooberman-Hill, R.5    Horwood, J.6
  • 3
    • 33644840125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing outcomes in individually-tailored interventions
    • Boothroyd RA, Banks SM: Assessing outcomes in individually-tailored interventions. Lancet 2006;367:801-802.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 801-802
    • Boothroyd, R.A.1    Banks, S.M.2
  • 4
    • 34248163073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Psychogeriatric Association consensus statement on defining and measuring treatment benefits in dementia
    • Katona C, Livingston G, Cooper C, Ames D, Brodaty H, Chiu E: International Psychogeriatric Association consensus statement on defining and measuring treatment benefits in dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2007;19:345-354.
    • (2007) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.19 , pp. 345-354
    • Katona, C.1    Livingston, G.2    Cooper, C.3    Ames, D.4    Brodaty, H.5    Chiu, E.6
  • 5
    • 33646505985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors in late-stage Alzheimer's disease
    • Gauthier S: Cholinesterase inhibitors in late-stage Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:468-469.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 468-469
    • Gauthier, S.1
  • 6
    • 33645750171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil for severe Alzheimer's disease
    • Hogan DB: Donepezil for severe Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2006;367:1031-1032.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1031-1032
    • Hogan, D.B.1
  • 7
    • 0021520020 scopus 로고
    • A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease
    • Rosen WG, Mohs RC, Davis KL: A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:1356-1364.
    • (1984) Am J Psychiatry , vol.141 , pp. 1356-1364
    • Rosen, W.G.1    Mohs, R.C.2    Davis, K.L.3
  • 8
    • 34547193367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring cognitive change in Alzheimer's disease clinical drug trials
    • Harrison JE: Measuring cognitive change in Alzheimer's disease clinical drug trials. J Nutr Health Aging 2007;11:327-329.
    • (2007) J Nutr Health Aging , vol.11 , pp. 327-329
    • Harrison, J.E.1
  • 9
    • 34247981892 scopus 로고
    • Goal Attainment Scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs
    • Kiresuk T, Sherman RE: Goal Attainment Scaling: a general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs. Community Ment Health J 1968;4:443-453.
    • (1968) Community Ment Health J , vol.4 , pp. 443-453
    • Kiresuk, T.1    Sherman, R.E.2
  • 10
    • 0032823082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal Attainment Scaling in rehabilitation
    • Malec JF: Goal Attainment Scaling in rehabilitation. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1999;9:253-275.
    • (1999) Neuropsychol Rehabil , vol.9 , pp. 253-275
    • Malec, J.F.1
  • 11
    • 0028010869 scopus 로고
    • Use of Goal Attainment Scaling in brain injury in a rehabilitation hospital
    • Joyce BM, Rockwood KJ, Mate-Kole CC: Use of Goal Attainment Scaling in brain injury in a rehabilitation hospital. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1994;73:10-14.
    • (1994) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.73 , pp. 10-14
    • Joyce, B.M.1    Rockwood, K.J.2    Mate-Kole, C.C.3
  • 12
    • 41549096772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing clinically meaningful change following a programme for managing chronic pain
    • Fisher K: Assessing clinically meaningful change following a programme for managing chronic pain. Clin Rehabil 2008;22:252-259.
    • (2008) Clin Rehabil , vol.22 , pp. 252-259
    • Fisher, K.1
  • 14
    • 28844445198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Goal Attainment Scaling to improve the quality of long-term care: A group-randomized trial
    • Bravo G, Dubois MF, Roy PM: Using Goal Attainment Scaling to improve the quality of long-term care: a group-randomized trial. Int J Qual Health Care 2005;17:511-519.
    • (2005) Int J Qual Health Care , vol.17 , pp. 511-519
    • Bravo, G.1    Dubois, M.F.2    Roy, P.M.3
  • 15
    • 34147146365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of galantamine on verbal repetition in AD: A secondary analysis of the VISTA trial
    • Rockwood K, Fay S, Jarrett P, Asp E: Effect of galantamine on verbal repetition in AD: a secondary analysis of the VISTA trial. Neurology 2007;68:1116-1121.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 1116-1121
    • Rockwood, K.1    Fay, S.2    Jarrett, P.3    Asp, E.4
  • 16
    • 58149341870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomefocused nursing practice in geriatric day-rehabilitation service: Facilitating elderly patients to achieve therapeutic goals
    • Yau DCN, Lam MCC, Lung MKW, Chow AYH, Yung NSY, Chui TY, et al: Outcomefocused nursing practice in geriatric day-rehabilitation service: facilitating elderly patients to achieve therapeutic goals. Hong Kong Nurs J 2002;38:33-38.
    • Hong Kong Nurs , vol.J 2002 , Issue.38 , pp. 33-38
    • Yau, D.C.N.1    Lam, M.C.C.2    Lung, M.K.W.3    Chow, A.Y.H.4    Yung, N.S.Y.5    Chui, T.Y.6
  • 17
    • 3042567016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD2000): Randomised double blind trial
    • AD2000 Collaborative Group
    • AD2000 Collaborative Group: Long-term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD2000): randomised double blind trial. Lancet 2004;363:2105-2115.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 2105-2115
  • 18
    • 0026088926 scopus 로고
    • Goal Attainment Scaling and outcome measurement in postacute brain injury rehabilitation
    • Malec JF, Smigielski JS, DePompolo RW: Goal Attainment Scaling and outcome measurement in postacute brain injury rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991;72:138-143.
    • (1991) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.72 , pp. 138-143
    • Malec, J.F.1    Smigielski, J.S.2    DePompolo, R.W.3
  • 19
    • 0032917296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal Attainment Scaling as a measure of clinically important change in nursing-home patients
    • Gordon JE, Powell C, Rockwood K: Goal Attainment Scaling as a measure of clinically important change in nursing-home patients. Age Ageing 1999;28:275-281.
    • (1999) Age Ageing , vol.28 , pp. 275-281
    • Gordon, J.E.1    Powell, C.2    Rockwood, K.3
  • 20
    • 0031408971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group for Spinal Disorders
    • van Tulder MW, Assendelft WJ, Koes BW, Bouter LM: Method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group for Spinal Disorders. Spine 1997;22:2323-2330.
    • (1997) Spine , vol.22 , pp. 2323-2330
    • van Tulder, M.W.1    Assendelft, W.J.2    Koes, B.W.3    Bouter, L.M.4
  • 21
    • 0037951757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On assessing responsiveness of health-related quality of life instruments: Guidelines for instrument evaluation
    • Terwee CB, Dekker FW, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF, Bossuyt PM: On assessing responsiveness of health-related quality of life instruments: guidelines for instrument evaluation. Qual Life Res 2003;12:349-362.
    • (2003) Qual Life Res , vol.12 , pp. 349-362
    • Terwee, C.B.1    Dekker, F.W.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3    Prummel, M.F.4    Bossuyt, P.M.5
  • 22
    • 0033912374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating changes in health status in HIV-infected patients: Medical Outcomes Study-HIV and Multidimensional Quality of Life-HIV quality of life questionnaires. Spanish MOS-HIV and MQOL-HIV Validation Group
    • Badia X, Podzamczer D, Casado A, Lopez-Lavid C, Garcia M: Evaluating changes in health status in HIV-infected patients: Medical Outcomes Study-HIV and Multidimensional Quality of Life-HIV quality of life questionnaires. Spanish MOS-HIV and MQOL-HIV Validation Group. Aids 2000;14:1439-1447.
    • (2000) Aids , vol.14 , pp. 1439-1447
    • Badia, X.1    Podzamczer, D.2    Casado, A.3    Lopez-Lavid, C.4    Garcia, M.5
  • 23
    • 0024317354 scopus 로고
    • Issues in the use of change scores in randomized trials
    • Norman GR: Issues in the use of change scores in randomized trials. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42:1097-1105.
    • (1989) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.42 , pp. 1097-1105
    • Norman, G.R.1
  • 24
    • 0024638447 scopus 로고
    • Effect sizes for interpreting changes in health status
    • Kazis LE, Anderson JJ, Meenan RF: Effect sizes for interpreting changes in health status. Med Care 1989;27:S178-S189.
    • (1989) Med Care , vol.27
    • Kazis, L.E.1    Anderson, J.J.2    Meenan, R.F.3
  • 25
    • 0025454512 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of five health status instruments for orthopedic evaluation
    • Liang MH, Fossel AH, Larson MG: Comparisons of five health status instruments for orthopedic evaluation. Med Care 1990;28:632-642.
    • (1990) Med Care , vol.28 , pp. 632-642
    • Liang, M.H.1    Fossel, A.H.2    Larson, M.G.3
  • 26
    • 0021998049 scopus 로고
    • Comparative measurement efficiency and sensitivity of five health status instruments for arthritis research
    • Liang MH, Larson MG, Cullen KE: Comparative measurement efficiency and sensitivity of five health status instruments for arthritis research. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28:542-547.
    • (1985) Arthritis Rheum , vol.28 , pp. 542-547
    • Liang, M.H.1    Larson, M.G.2    Cullen, K.E.3
  • 28
    • 58149332470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding effect size: How it's measured and what it means
    • Faraone SV: Understanding effect size: how it's measured and what it means. Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health, 2008.
    • (2008) Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health
    • Faraone, S.V.1
  • 33
    • 33645906519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attainment of treatment goals by people with Alzheimer's disease receiving galantamine: A randomized controlled trial
    • Rockwood K, Fay S, Song X, MacKnight C, Gorman M: Attainment of treatment goals by people with Alzheimer's disease receiving galantamine: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2006;174:1099-1105.
    • (2006) CMAJ , vol.174 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Rockwood, K.1    Fay, S.2    Song, X.3    MacKnight, C.4    Gorman, M.5
  • 34
    • 0036828777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal setting and attainment in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil
    • Rockwood K, Graham JE, Fay S: Goal setting and attainment in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:500-507.
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.73 , pp. 500-507
    • Rockwood, K.1    Graham, J.E.2    Fay, S.3
  • 35
    • 0042385028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responsiveness of Goal Attainment Scaling in a randomized controlled trial of comprehensive geriatric assessment
    • Rockwood K, Howlett S, Stadnyk K, Carver D, Powell C, Stolee P: Responsiveness of Goal Attainment Scaling in a randomized controlled trial of comprehensive geriatric assessment. J Clin Epidemiol 2003;56:736-743.
    • (2003) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.56 , pp. 736-743
    • Rockwood, K.1    Howlett, S.2    Stadnyk, K.3    Carver, D.4    Powell, C.5    Stolee, P.6
  • 36
    • 0027501816 scopus 로고
    • Use of Goal Attainment Scaling in measuring clinically important change in the frail elderly
    • Rockwood K, Stolee P, Fox RA: Use of Goal Attainment Scaling in measuring clinically important change in the frail elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:1113-1118.
    • (1993) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 1113-1118
    • Rockwood, K.1    Stolee, P.2    Fox, R.A.3
  • 37
    • 0029858790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of Goal Attainment Scaling to measure treatment effects in an anti-dementia drug trial
    • Rockwood K, Stolee P, Howard K, Mallery L: Use of Goal Attainment Scaling to measure treatment effects in an anti-dementia drug trial. Neuroepidemiology 1996;15:330-338.
    • (1996) Neuroepidemiology , vol.15 , pp. 330-338
    • Rockwood, K.1    Stolee, P.2    Howard, K.3    Mallery, L.4
  • 38
    • 0026772842 scopus 로고
    • The use of Goal Attainment Scaling in a geriatric care setting
    • Stolee P, Rockwood K, Fox RA, Streiner DL: The use of Goal Attainment Scaling in a geriatric care setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:574-578.
    • (1992) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.40 , pp. 574-578
    • Stolee, P.1    Rockwood, K.2    Fox, R.A.3    Streiner, D.L.4
  • 41
    • 0024451897 scopus 로고
    • Competencies required for the practice of geriatric medicine as a consultant physician
    • Fox RA, Clarfield AM, Hogan DB: Competencies required for the practice of geriatric medicine as a consultant physician. CMAJ 1989;141:1045-1048.
    • (1989) CMAJ , vol.141 , pp. 1045-1048
    • Fox, R.A.1    Clarfield, A.M.2    Hogan, D.B.3
  • 42
    • 0024363004 scopus 로고
    • Health status assessment for elderly patients. Report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on Health Assessment
    • Rubenstein LV, Calkins DR, Greenfield S, Jette AM, Meenan RF, Nevins MA, et al: Health status assessment for elderly patients. Report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on Health Assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37:562-569.
    • (1989) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.37 , pp. 562-569
    • Rubenstein, L.V.1    Calkins, D.R.2    Greenfield, S.3    Jette, A.M.4    Meenan, R.F.5    Nevins, M.A.6
  • 43
    • 0343119222 scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive geriatric assessment
    • Rubenstein LZ: Comprehensive geriatric assessment. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:724-727.
    • (1988) Ann Intern Med , vol.108 , pp. 724-727
    • Rubenstein, L.Z.1
  • 44
    • 0032941199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with Goal Attainment Scaling in geriatric care
    • Stolee P, Zaza C, Pedlar A, Myers AM: Clinical experience with Goal Attainment Scaling in geriatric care. J Aging Health 1999;11:96-124.
    • (1999) J Aging Health , vol.11 , pp. 96-124
    • Stolee, P.1    Zaza, C.2    Pedlar, A.3    Myers, A.M.4
  • 46
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability
    • Shrout PE, Fleiss JL: Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979;86:420-428.
    • (1979) Psychol Bull , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 47
    • 0027582525 scopus 로고
    • Discriminative versus evaluative assessment: Some observations on Goal Attainment Scaling
    • Ottenbacher KJ, Cusick A: Discriminative versus evaluative assessment: some observations on Goal Attainment Scaling. Am J Occup Ther 1993;47:349-354.
    • (1993) Am J Occup Ther , vol.47 , pp. 349-354
    • Ottenbacher, K.J.1    Cusick, A.2
  • 48
    • 0036241491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualized outcome measures: A review of the literature
    • Donnelly C, Carswell A: Individualized outcome measures: a review of the literature. Can J Occup Ther 2002;69:84-94.
    • (2002) Can J Occup Ther , vol.69 , pp. 84-94
    • Donnelly, C.1    Carswell, A.2
  • 49
    • 0028114429 scopus 로고
    • The Clinician Interview-Based Impression (CIBI): A clinician's global change rating scale in Alzheimer's disease
    • Knopman DS, Knapp MJ, Gracon SI, Davis CS: The Clinician Interview-Based Impression (CIBI): a clinician's global change rating scale in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1994;44:2315-2321.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 2315-2321
    • Knopman, D.S.1    Knapp, M.J.2    Gracon, S.I.3    Davis, C.S.4
  • 50
    • 37349011252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between measures of dementia severity and observation of daily life functioning as measured with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
    • Bouwens SF, van Heugten CM, Aalten P, Wolfs CA, Baarends EM, van Menxel DA, et al: Relationship between measures of dementia severity and observation of daily life functioning as measured with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008;25:81-87.
    • (2008) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.25 , pp. 81-87
    • Bouwens, S.F.1    van Heugten, C.M.2    Aalten, P.3    Wolfs, C.A.4    Baarends, E.M.5    van Menxel, D.A.6
  • 52
    • 0032859553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome measurement in an inpatient and outpatient traumatic brain injury rehabilitation programme
    • Ponsford J, Olver J, Nelms R, Curran C, Ponsford M: Outcome measurement in an inpatient and outpatient traumatic brain injury rehabilitation programme. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1999;9:517-534.
    • (1999) Neuropsychol Rehabil , vol.9 , pp. 517-534
    • Ponsford, J.1    Olver, J.2    Nelms, R.3    Curran, C.4    Ponsford, M.5
  • 54
    • 70450195021 scopus 로고
    • Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index
    • Mahoney FI, Barthel DW: Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J 1965;14:61-65.
    • (1965) Md State Med J , vol.14 , pp. 61-65
    • Mahoney, F.I.1    Barthel, D.W.2
  • 56
    • 84965520932 scopus 로고
    • The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population
    • Radloff LS: The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1977;1:385-401.
    • (1977) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.1 , pp. 385-401
    • Radloff, L.S.1
  • 57
    • 0028878676 scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale in a geriatric residential population
    • Parmelee PA, Thuras PD, Katz IR, Lawton MP: Validation of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale in a geriatric residential population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:130-137.
    • (1995) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.43 , pp. 130-137
    • Parmelee, P.A.1    Thuras, P.D.2    Katz, I.R.3    Lawton, M.P.4
  • 59
    • 58149356518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guide for the Use of the Functional Independence Measure. Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffallo, 1987.
    • Guide for the Use of the Functional Independence Measure. Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffallo, 1987.
  • 60
    • 0019967975 scopus 로고
    • The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia
    • Reisberg B, Ferris SH, de Leon MJ, Crook T: The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:1136-1139.
    • (1982) Am J Psychiatry , vol.139 , pp. 1136-1139
    • Reisberg, B.1    Ferris, S.H.2    de Leon, M.J.3    Crook, T.4
  • 61
    • 0028948257 scopus 로고
    • A hierarchical assessment of balance and mobility
    • MacKnight C, Rockwood K: A hierarchical assessment of balance and mobility. Age Ageing 1995;24:126-130.
    • (1995) Age Ageing , vol.24 , pp. 126-130
    • MacKnight, C.1    Rockwood, K.2
  • 62
    • 0014579432 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
    • Lawton MP, Brody EM: Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-186.
    • (1969) Gerontologist , vol.9 , pp. 179-186
    • Lawton, M.P.1    Brody, E.M.2
  • 63
    • 1642572165 scopus 로고
    • Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function
    • Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW: Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914-919.
    • (1963) JAMA , vol.185 , pp. 914-919
    • Katz, S.1    Ford, A.B.2    Moskowitz, R.W.3    Jackson, B.A.4    Jaffe, M.W.5
  • 64
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Minimental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: 'Minimental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 66
    • 0022371335 scopus 로고
    • OARS methodology. A decade of experience in geriatric assessment
    • George LK, Fillenbaum GG: OARS methodology. A decade of experience in geriatric assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985;33:607-615.
    • (1985) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.33 , pp. 607-615
    • George, L.K.1    Fillenbaum, G.G.2
  • 67
    • 0025960477 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of a Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination compared with the traditional Mini-Mental State Examination
    • Molloy DW, Alemayehu E, Roberts R: Reliability of a Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination compared with the traditional Mini-Mental State Examination. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:102-105.
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 102-105
    • Molloy, D.W.1    Alemayehu, E.2    Roberts, R.3
  • 68
    • 0019841594 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: A concise QL-index for use by physicians
    • Spitzer WO, Dobson AJ, Hall J, Chesterman E, Levi J, Shepherd R, et al: Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: a concise QL-index for use by physicians. J Chronic Dis 1981;34:585-597.
    • (1981) J Chronic Dis , vol.34 , pp. 585-597
    • Spitzer, W.O.1    Dobson, A.J.2    Hall, J.3    Chesterman, E.4    Levi, J.5    Shepherd, R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.