Young people's sexual partnerships in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Patterns, contextual influences, and HIV risk

Studies in Family Planning

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 295-308

  Harrison, Abigail ^a   Cleland, John ^b   Frohlich, Janet ^c  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CONFERENCE PROCEEDING; DISEASE SPREAD; EPIDEMIC; HOUSEHOLD SURVEY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; RURAL SOCIETY; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; YOUNG POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; CONFERENCE PAPER; FEMALE; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; RELIGION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALITY; SOCIOECONOMICS; SOUTH AFRICA; TIME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; RELIGION; RISK-TAKING; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL PARTNERS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SOUTH AFRICA; TIME FACTORS;

AFRICA; KWAZULU-NATAL; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 57049144443     PISSN: 00393665     EISSN: 17284465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00176.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (77)

1. Auvert, Bertran, Ron Ballard, et al. 2001. "HIV infection among youth in a South African mining town is associated with herpes simplex virus-2 seropositivity and sexual behaviour." AIDS 15(7): 885-898.
2. Balmer, D.H., E. Gikundi, M.C. Billingsley, et al. 1997. "Adolescent knowledge, values, and coping strategies: Implications for health in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Adolescent Health 21(1): 33-38.
3. Bongaarts, John. 2007. "Late marriage and the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa." Population Studies 61(1): 73-83.
4. Campbell, Catherine E. and Catherine MacPhail 2002. "Peer education, gender and the development of critical consciousness: Participatory HIV prevention by South African youth." Social Science & Medicine 55(2): 331-345.
5. Campbell, Catherine E., Brian G. Williams, and David Gilgen 2002. "Is social capital a useful conceptual tool for exploring community level influences on HIV infection? A case study from South Africa." AIDS Care 14(1): 41-54.
6. Caraël, Michel, John Cleland, and Lawrence Adeokun 1991. "Overview and selected findings of sexual behaviour surveys." AIDS 5 (Supplement 1): S65-S74.
7. Clark, Shelley. 2004. "Early marriage and HIV risks in sub-Saharan Africa." Studies in Family Planning 35(3): 149-160.
8. Cleland, John and Benoit Ferry (eds.) 1995. Sexual Behavior and AIDS in the Developing World. London: Taylor and Francis.
9. Cleland, John, J. Ties Boerma, Michel Caraël, and Sharon Weir 2004. "Monitoring sexual behaviour in general populations: A synthesis of lessons of the past decade." Sexually Transmitted Infections 80 (Supplement 2): Ii1-ii7.
10. Department of Education, Republic of South Africa. 2003. Education Statistics in South Africa at a Glance, 2001. Pretoria: Department of Education.
11. Department of Health, Republic of South Africa. 2006. National HIV Sero-prevalence Survey of Women Attending Public Antenatal Clinics in South Africa, 2005. Summary Report. Pretoria: Department of Health.
12. Department of Health, Republic of South Africa, Measure DHS, ORC Macro. 2004. South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2003: Preliminary Report. Pretoria: Department of Health.
13. Dunkle, Kristin L., Rachel K. Jewkes, Heather C. Brown, et al. 2004a. "Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa." The Lancet 363(9,419): 1,415-1,421.
14. Dunkle, Kristin L., Rachel K. Jewkes, Heather C. Brown, et al. 2004b. "Transactional sex among women in Soweto, South Africa: Prevalence, risk factors and association with HIV infection." Social Science & Medicine 59 (2): 1,581-1,592.
15. Dunkle, Kristin L., Rachel Jewkes, Mzikazi Nduna, et al. 2007. "Transactional sex with casual and main partners among young South African men in the rural Eastern Cape: Prevalence, predictors, and associations with gender-based violence." Social Science & Medicine 65(6): 1,235-1,248.
16. Eaton, Liberty, Alan J. Flisher, and Leif E. Aaro 2003. "Unsafe sexual behaviour in South African youth." Social Science & Medicine 56(1): 149-165.
17. Ferguson, A., M. Pere, C. Morris, E. Ngugi, and S. Moses. 2004. "Sexual patterning and condom use among a group of HIV vulnerable men in Thika, Kenya." Sexually Transmitted Infections 80(6): 435-439.
18. Ferry, Benoit, Michel Caraël, Ann Buvé, et al. 2001. "Comparison of key parameters of sexual behaviour in four African urban populations with different levels of HIV infection." AIDS 15(Supplement 4): S41-S50.
19. Finer, Lawrence, Jacquelyn Darroch, and Susheela Singh 1999. "Sexual partnership patterns as a behavioral risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases." Family Planning Perspectives 31(5): 228-236.
20. Gilbert, Leah and Liz Walker 2002. "Treading the path of least resistance: HIV/AIDS and social inequalities-a South African case study." Social Science & Medicine 54(7): 1,093-1,110.
21. Glynn, Judith, Michel Caraël, Bertrand Auvert, et al. 2001. "Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia." AIDS 15(Supplement 4): S51-S60.
22. Gregson, Simon, Constance Nyamukapa, Geoff Garnett, et al. 2002a. "Sexual mixing patterns and sex-differentials in teenage exposure to HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe." The Lancet 359(9,321): 1,896-1,903.
23. Gregson, Simon, Tom Zhuwau, Roy M. Anderson, and Stephen K. Chandiwana 1999. "Apostles and Zionists: The influence of religion on demographic change in rural Zimbabwe." Population Studies 53(2): 179-193.
24. Gregson, Simon, Tom Zhuwau, Joshua Ndlovu, and Constance A. Nyamukapa 2002b. "Methods to reduce social desirability bias in sex surveys in low-development settings: Experience in Zimbabwe." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 29(10): 568-575.
25. Hallman, Kelly. 2004. "Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Unsafe Sexual Behaviors Among Young Women and Men in South Africa." Policy Research Division Working Paper No. 190. New York: Population Council.
26. Hallman, Kelly and Monica Grant 2004. "Poverty, Educational Attainment and Livelihoods: How Well do Young People Fare in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Horizons Research Summary. Washington, DC: Population Council.
27. Halperin, Daniel and Helen Epstein 2004. "Concurrent sexual partnerships help to explain Africa's high HIV prevalence: Implications for prevention." The Lancet 364(9,428): 4-6.
28. Harrison, Abigail. 2002. "The social dynamics of adolescent risk for HIV: Using research findings to design a school-based intervention." Agenda 53: 43-52.
29. Harrison, Abigail. 2008. "Hidden love: Sexual ideologies and relationship ideals among rural South African adolescents in the context of HIV/AIDS." Culture, Health and Sexuality 10(2): 175-189.
30. Harrison, Abigail, Nonhlanhla Xaba, and Pinky Kunene 2001. "Understanding safe sex: Gender narratives of HIV and pregnancy prevention by rural South African school-going youth." Reproductive Health Matters 9(17): 63-71.
31. Harrison, A., J. Cleland, E. Gouws, and J. Frohlich. 2005. "Early sexual debut among young men in rural South Africa: Heightened vulnerability to sexual risk?" Sexually Transmitted Infections 81: 259-261.
32. Hewett, Paul C., Barbara S. Mensch, and Annabel S. Erulkar 2004. "Consistency in the reporting of sexual behaviour by adolescent girls in Kenya: A comparison of interviewing methods." Sexually Transmitted Infections 80 (Supplement 2): Ii43-ii48.
33. Hunter, Mark. 2002. "The materiality of everyday sex: Thinking beyond 'prostitution'." African Studies 61(1): 99-120.
34. Hunter, Mark. 2007. "The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: The significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic." Social Science & Medicine 64(3): 689-700.
35. Ingham, Roger and Gertjan van Zessen 1997. "From individual properties to interactional processes." In Sexual Interactions and HIV Risk: New Conceptual Perspectives in European Research. Eds. Luc van Campenhoudt, Mitchell Cohen, Gustavo Guizzardi, and Dominique Hausser. London: Taylor and Francis. Pp. 83-99.
36. Jewkes, Rachel K., Jonathan B. Levin, and Loveday Penn-Kekana 2003. "Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV preventive practices: Findings of a South African cross-sectional study." Social Science & Medicine 56(1): 125-134.
37. Jewkes, Rachel, Cesar Vundule, Fidelia Maforah, and Elise Jordaan 2001. "Relationship dynamics and teenage pregnancy in South Africa." Social Science & Medicine 52(5): 733-744.
38. Kapiga, Saidi H. and J.L. Lugalla. 2002. "Sexual behaviour patterns and condom use in Tanzania: Results from the 1996 Demographic and Health Survey." AIDS Care 14(4): 455-469.
39. Kaufman, Carol E. and Stavros E. Stavrou 2004. "'Bus fare, please': The economics of sex and gifts among young people in urban South Africa." Culture, Health and Sexuality 6(5): 377-391.
40. Kaufman, Carol E., Shelley Clark, Ntsiki Manzini, and Julian May 2004. "Communities, opportunities, and adolescents' sexual behavior in Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa." Studies in Family Planning 35(4): 261-274.
41. Kelly, Robert J., Ronald H. Gray, N.K. Sewankambo, et al. 2003. "Age differences in sexual partners and risk of HIV-1 infection in rural Uganda." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 32 (4): 446-451.
42. Kilian, Albert H.D., Simon Gregson, Bannet Ndyanabangi, et al. 1999. "Reductions in risk behavior provide the most consistent explanation for declining HIV-1 prevalence in Uganda." AIDS 13 (3): 391-398.
43. Kitzinger, Jenny. 1995. "Qualitative research: Introducing focus groups." British Medical Journal 311 (7,000): 299-302.
44. Kuate-Defo, Barthelemy. 2004. "Young people's relationships with sugar daddies and sugar mummies: What do we know and what do we need to know?" African Journal of Reproductive Health 8(2): 13-37.
45. Lagarde, Ernest, Bertran Auvert, Michel Caraël, et al. 2001. "Concurrent sexual partnerships and HIV prevalence in five urban communities of sub-Saharan Africa." AIDS 15 (7): 877-884.
46. Lloyd, Cynthia B. and Paul C. Hewett 2003. "Primary Schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recent Trends and Current Challenges." Policy Research Division Working Paper No. 176. New York: Population Council.
47. Luke, Nancy and Kathleen Kurz 2002. Cross-generational and Transactional Sexual Relations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence of Behavior and Implications for Negotiating Safer Sexual Practices. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women.
48. Lurie, Mark, Abigail Harrison, David Wilkinson, and Salim Abdool Karim 1997. "Circular migration and sexual networking in rural KwaZulu-Natal: Implications for the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases." Health Transition Review 7(Supplement 3): 15-24.
49. Lurie, Mark, Brian G. Williams, Khangelani Zuma, et al. 2003. "The impact of migration on HIV-1 transmission in South Africa: A study of migrant and nonmigrant men and their partners." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 30(2): 149-156.
50. MacPhail, Catherine, Brian Williams, and Catherine Campbell 2002. "Relative risk of HIV infection among young men and women in a southern African Township." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13(5): 331-342.
51. Maharaj, Pranitha and John Cleland 2004. "Condom use within marital and cohabiting partnerships in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Studies in Family Planning 35(2): 116-124.
52. Meekers, Dominique and Anne-Emmanuèle Calvès 1997. "'Main'girlfriends, girlfriends, marriage, and money: The social context of HIV risk behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa." Health Transition Review 7(Supplement): 361-375.
53. Morris, Martina and Miriam Kretschmar 1997. "Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV." AIDS 11(5): 641-648.
54. Morris, Martina, Steven Godreau, and James Moody 2007. "Sexual networks, concurrency, and STD/HIV." In Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Fourth edition. Eds. King K. Holmes, Frederick P. Sparling, Walter E. Stamm, and Peter Piot. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pp. 109-126.
55. Mpofu, Elias, Alan J. Flisher, Khalipha Bility, Hans Onya, and Carl Lombard 2006. "Sexual partners in a rural South African setting." AIDS and Behavior 10(4): 399-404.
56. Nnko, Soori, J. Ties Boerma, Mark Urassa, Gabriel Mwaluko, and Basia Zaba 2004. "Secretive females or swaggering males? An assessment of the quality of sexual partnership reporting in rural Tanzania." Social Science & Medicine 59(2): 299-310.
57. Nyanzi, Stella, Robert Pool, and Jon Kinsman 2001. "The negotiation of sexual relationships among school-pupils in south-western Uganda." AIDS Care 13(1): 83-98.
58. Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf 2005. "Reframing research on sexual behavior and HIV." Studies in Family Planning 36(1): 1-12.
59. Pettifor, Audrey, Michael Hudgens, Brooke A. Levandowski, Helen V. Rees, and Myron S. Cohen 2007. "Highly efficient HIV transmission to young women in South Africa." AIDS 21(7): 861-865.
60. Pettifor, Audrey, Helen Rees, et al. 2005. "Young people's sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviors from a nationally representative household survey." AIDS 19 (14): 1,525-1,534.
61. Poulin, Michelle. 2007. "Sex, money and premarital partnerships in southern Malawi." Social Science & Medicine 65(11): 2,383-2,393.
62. Reddy, Priscilla, P. Panday, D. Swart, et al. 2003. Umthenthe Uhlaba Usamila -The South African Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2002. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council.
63. Samuelsen, Helle. 2006. "Love, lifestyles and the risk of AIDS: The moral worlds of young people in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Culture, Health and Sexuality 8(3): 211-224.
64. Shisana, Olive, N. Zungu-Dirwayi, Y Toefy, et al. 2004. "Marital status and risk of HIV infection in South Africa." South African Medical Journal 94(7): 537-543.
65. Slaymaker, Emma. 2004. "A critique of international indicators of sexual risk behaviour." Sexually Transmitted Infections 80(Supplement 2): Ii13-ii21.
66. Smith, Daniel Jordan 2004. "Premarital sex, procreation and HIV risk in Nigeria." Studies in Family Planning 35(4): 223-235.
67. Statistics South Africa 2004. Census 2001: Primary Tables KwaZulu-Natal: 1996 and 2001 Compared. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
68. Susser, Ida and Zena A. Stein 2000. "Culture, sexuality and women's agency in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa." American Journal of Public Health 90(7): 1,042-1,048.
69. UNAIDS. 1998. Looking Deeper into the HIV Epidemic: A Questionnaire for Tracing Sexual Networks. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection. Geneva: UNAIDS.
70. UNAIDS. 2006. "Update on the Global AIDS Epidemic. "Geneva: UNAIDS. http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/epi2006. Accessed 10 May 2007.
71. Varga, Christine A. 1997. "Sexual decision-making and negotiation in the midst of AIDS: Youth in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Health Transition Review 7 (Supplement 3): 45-67.
72. Varga, Christine A. 2003. "How gender roles influence sexual and reproductive health among South African adolescents." Studies in Family Planning 34(3): 160-172.
73. Wellings, Kaye, Martine Collumbien, Emma Slaymaker, et al. 2006. "Sexual behaviour in context: A global perspective." The Lancet 368(9,548): 1,706-1,728.
74. Welz, Tanya, Victoria Hosegood, Shabbar Jaffar, Jorg Batzing-Feigenbaum, Kobus Herbst, and Marie-Louise Newell 2007. "Continued very high prevalence of HIV infection in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A population-based longitudinal study." AIDS 21(11): 1,467-1,472.
75. White, Richard, John Cleland, and Michel Caraël 2000. "Links between premarital sexual behaviour and extramarital intercourse: A multi-site analysis." AIDS 14(15): 2,323-2,331.
76. Wood, Kate, Helen Lambert, and Rachel Jewkes 2007. "'Showing roughness in a beautiful way': Talk about love, coercion, and rape in South African youth sexual culture." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 21(3): 277-300.
77. Wood, Kate, Fidelia Maforah, and Rachel Jewkes 1998. "'He forced me to love him': Putting violence on adolescent sexual health agendas." Social Science & Medicine 47(2): 233-242.