Rural Education Reform in China since the 1980s: An Examination of the New Policies, Approaches, and Implications

International Journal of Educational Reform

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 14-33

  Hong, Junhao ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57049098624     PISSN: 10567879     EISSN: 26319675     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/105678790101000102     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Adams D., & Gottlieb E., (1993). Education and social change in Korea. New York: Garland Publishing.
2. Asian Social Problems: New Strategies for Social Work Education. (1975). Proceedings of the Third Asian Regional Seminar, Development of Teaching Resources and Interdisciplinary Communication, Hong Kong.
3. Baum R., (Ed.). (1991). Reform and reactions in post-Mao China: The road to Tiananmen. London: Routledge.
4. Beijing Broadcasting Institute. (1993). China radio and television yearbook 1992. Beijing, Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press.
5. Beijing Broadcasting Institute (1997).
6. Beijing Broadcasting Institute. (1999). China radio and television yearbook 1998. Beijing, Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press.
7. Chai Y., (1998). Personal interview.
8. Chang Z., (1996, December 9). China establishes the world's largest satellite television education network. Wenhui Daily, 2.
9. Chen B., (1998). Personal interview.
10. Chen J., (1991, November 12). Shortage of funds and lack of teachers constrain nine-year compulsory education. China News Service, 1.
11. Chen S., (1995, May 8). Compulsory education project in poverty-striking areas set to start. China Education, 1.
12. Chen S., (1996, May 13). Goals of the compulsory education project in the poverty-striking areas. China Education, 2.
13. Chen X., Tan W., & Chen Q., (1993). Thoughts on speeding the modernization of education technologies. In Wei X., (Ed.), China's Elementary and Secondary Education (545–552). Beijing: China Book Publishing House.
14. China becomes a TV giant. (1996, November 20). Radio and Television, 28.
15. China creates network of long-distance education. (1989, October 26). Xinhua News, 1.
16. China Education Law. (1995). Beijing: The People's Publishing House.
17. China's enrollment rate contrast with the world. (1995, January 9–15). Beijing Review, 16–17.
18. China's rural education reform gains progress. (1996, January 28). Xinhua News, 1.
19. China's space technology enters people's homes for civil applications. (1993, May 18). People's Daily, 3.
20. China State Council. (1993). Outlines for China's education reform and development. Beijing: China State Council.
21. China State Council. (1996). Medium and long-term goals for public education. Beijing: China State Council.
22. Chinese premier meets UNESCO head. (1991, June 17). Xinhua News, 1.
23. Commission of the European Communities Report. (1986). Social Europe: New Technology and Social Change—Ten Years of Community Policy on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women. Supplement 2. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
24. Cui L., (1995, July 17–23). Invigorating China through science and education. Beijing Review, 8–10.
25. Development Goals for the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Period between 1996 to 2010. (1996). Beijing: The People's Publishing House.
26. Ding J., (1995, August 26). Basic radio and television broadcasting network formed in border areas. China Radio and Television, 6–7.
27. Farmers keen on studying science. (1991, March 22). Xinhua News, 1.
28. Freire P., (1973). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Seabury Press.
29. Funding increased for basic education. (1995, July 17–23). Beijing Review, 28–29.
30. Ghosh R., & Zachariah M., (Eds.). (1987). Education and the process of change. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
31. Hong J., (1995). The evolution of China's satellite policy. Telecommunications Policy, no. 2, 117–133.
32. Howkins J., (1982). Mass communication in China. New York: Longman.
33. Huang K., (1995, July 15). Education and development. World Outlook, 4–5.
34. Huang Y., (1995, August 8). Central government increases education investment. Xinhua News, 1.
35. Huang Y., (1997, July 7). State education commission sets new rules for floating children's education. People's Daily, 2.
36. Huang Z., (1996, January 23). Central government publishes ninth five-year education development plan. China Education, 1.
37. Lee C., (1979). Media imperialism reconsidered: The homogenizing of television culture. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
38. Li B., & Kong X., (1995, November 11). On the campaign of science education in rural areas. China Education, 4.
39. Li C., & Huang C., (1995, September 28). On the problem of female illiterates. China Education, 3.
40. Li L., (1993, September 13). The whole society should support the “Hope Project.” People's Daily, 3.
41. Li P., (1998). Personal interview.
42. Li X., (1991). The Chinese television system and television news. The China Quarterly 126, 341–356.
43. Peng Li, Tieying Li, inscribe for TV University anniversary (1993, February 10). BBC News, 3.
44. Liu F., (1999, March 4). The “Hope Project” report, 1998. People's Daily, 8.
45. Liu G., (1995, December 11). Science education for rural youths. Peasants’ Daily, 3.
46. Liu W., & Yin D., (1999, December 13). UN report says China's illiteracy rate down in the 90s. China News Digest, 4.
47. Lowe V., (1994). Malaysia. In Wang G., (Ed.), Treading different paths: Informatization in Asian nations (113–130). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
48. The majority unschooled children in China are girls. (1996, January 2). World Journal, 132.
49. Mazumdar V., (1987). Education, development and women's liberation: Contemporary debates in India. In Ghosh R., & Zachariah M., (Eds.), Education and the Process of Change. Newbury Park, CA Sage.
50. Menon V., (1994). India. In Wang G., (Ed.), Treading different paths: Informatization in Asian nations (52–67). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
51. Min G., (1992, December 30–January 5). The development of China's satellite industry. Beijing Review, 14–17.
52. Mittenthal L., & Wu Y., (1999, November 9). Poverty still plagues China despite government effort. China News Digest, 39.
53. Morales-Gomes D., & Torres C., (Eds.). (1992). Education, policy, and social change: Experiences from Latin America. Westport, CT: Praeger.
54. Party and Government Set Plans for Improving Poverty-Striking Areas. (1997). Beijing: The People's Publishing House.
55. Satellites keep China in touch. (1995, May 15–21). Beijing Review.
56. Schramm W., (1964). Mass communication in national development. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
57. Selection of Deng Xiaoping Works, vol. 1. (1987). Beijing: People's Publishing House.
58. Shang J., (1995, August 7–13). The uneven development of education between cities and rural areas. Beijing Review.
59. Shanghai Radio & TV Institute. (1989). Radio & TV information, no. 2. Shanghai: Shanghai Radio & TV Institute.
60. Soruco G., & Ferreira L., (1995). Latin America and the Caribbean. In Merrill J., (Ed.), Global journalism: Survey of international communication. White Plains, NY: Longman.
61. Sun L., & Long S., (1996, June 13). 300,000 peasants Receive “Green Diploma.” Peasants’ Daily.
62. Ten million children drop out of schools due to financial problems. (1997, April 23). China News Digest.
63. Tibet reaches basic education goals. (1996, January 15). China Education.
64. Tyson A., (1989, March 9). Eager minds in crumbling classrooms. The Christian Science Monitor.
65. Tyson J., & Tyson A., (1992, July 22). Educators urge vocational training to make schools relevant. The Christian Science Monitor.
66. Wang B., (1999, March 17). The rapid development of Beijing Continuing Education Institute. China Education, 4.
67. Wang G., (1994). Many paths to many destinations. In Wang G., (Ed.), Treading different paths: Informatization in Asian nations (247–258). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
68. Wang J., (1998). Personal interview.
69. Wei F., (1996, December 24). Changes in teachers over the past 20 years. China Education, 2.
70. Wei F., (1998, December 22). Changes in teachers over the past 20 years. China Education, 2.
71. Wu J., (1999, March 3). Ten years of the “Hope Project.” People's Daily, 2.
72. Wu Y., (1995, September 23). A new stage of compulsory education. China Education, 1.
73. Xinhua News, October 26, 1989.
74. Xu Z., (1993, April 8). China speeds construction of satellite television education receiving facilities. China Education, 1.
75. Yan Y., (1999, October 23). Education is the urgent need of Latin America. World Outlook, 14–15.
76. Yang L., (1996, September 13). The “Prairie-Fire” program spreads across the whole nation. Xinhua News, 1.
77. Yi H., (1996, April 15). The state o f China's compulsory education. China Education, 2.
78. Yi H., & Bi Q., (1996a, June 18). On speeding the development of vocational and technical education. China Education, 3.
79. Yi H., & Bi Q., (1996b, September 11). The anti-illiteracy campaign and the modernization plan. China Education, 1.
80. Za X., & Jia F., (1995, November 20). The fast development of radio and television in Tibet. China Radio and Television, 18–20.
81. Zhang L., & Zhou F., (1999, March 15). China plans to recruit 1.3 million new college students for 1999. People's Daily, 4.
82. Zhang R., (1998). Personal interview.
83. Zhang T., (1998). Personal interview.
84. Zhu Y., Yi H., & Chen W., (1995, July 12). Improving higher education through reform. China Education, 4.