Tethering meat goats grazing forage of high nutritive value and low to moderate mass

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Volumn 21, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1252-1261

  Patra, A K ^a   Puchala, R ^a   Detweiler, G ^a   Dawson, L J ^a,b   Animut, G ^a   Sahlu, T ^a   Goetsch, A L ^a  

^a LANGSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Energy; Goats; Grazing; Tethering

Indexed keywords

ALEXANDRIUM; ANIMALIA; BOVIDAE; CAPRA HIRCUS; TRIFOLIUM; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 56849129915     PISSN: 10112367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2008.60670     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. AFRC. 1993. Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants. An Advisory Manual Prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutricnts. CAB International. Wallingford. UK. pp. 5-55.
2. AFRC. 1998. The Nutrition of Goats. CAB International. Oxon, UK. pp. 41-51.
3. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 14th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington. DC. pp. 129-130.
4. Asplund, J. M. 1994. The significance and interpretation of balance methods of determining the utilization of dietary proteins. In: Principles of Protein Nutrition of Ruminants (Ed. J. M. Asplund). CRC Press. Boca Raton. FL. pp. 29-42.
5. Berhan, T., R. Puchala, A. L. Goetsch and R. C. Merkel. 2006. Effects of walking speed and forage consumption on energy expenditure and heart rate by Alpine does. Small Rum. Res. 63:119-124.
6. Berhan, T., R. Puchala, A. L. Goetsch, T. Sahlu and R. C. Merkel. 2005. Effects of length of pasture access on energy use by growing meat goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 28:1-7.
7. Bransby, D. I., A. G. Matches and G. F. Krause. 1977. Disk meter for rapid estimation of herbage yield in grazing trials. Agron. J. 69:393-396.
8. Brosh, A. 2007. Heart rate measurements as an index of energy expenditure and energy balance in ruminants: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 85:1213-1227.
9. Brouwcr, E. 1965. Report of sub-committee on constants and factors. In: Energy Metabolism. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium (Ed. K. L. Blaxter). EAAP Publ. No. 11. Academic Press. London, UK. pp. 441-443.
10. Burns, J. C., H. F. Mayland and I). S. Fisher. 2005. Dry matter intake and digestion of alfalfa harvested at sunset and sunrise. J. Anim. Sci. 83:262-270.
11. Dulphy, J. P.. B. Remond and M. Theriez. 1980. Ingestive behaviour and related activities in ruminants. In: Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants (Ed. Y. Ruckebush and P. Thivend). AVI Publishing Company. Inc. Westport. CT. pp. 103-122.
12. Fisher, D. S.. H. F. Mayland and J. C. Burns. 1999. Variation in ruminants' preference for tall fescue hays cut either at sundown or at sunup. J. Anim. Sci. 77:762-768.
13. Garrett, W. N.. J. H. Mayer and G. P. Lofgreen. 1959. The comparative energy requirements of sheep and cattle for maintenance and gain. J. Anim. Sci. 18:528-547.
14. Hart, S. P., T. Sahlu and J. M. Fernandez. 1993. Efficiency of utilization of high and low quality forages by three goat breeds. Small Rum. Res. 10:293-301.
15. Hirata, M.. T. Iwamoto, W. Otozu and D. Kiyota. 2002. The effects of recording interval on the estimation of grazing behavior of cattle in a daytime grazing system. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:745-750.
16. Kim, T. H., K. W. An and W. J. Jung. 2001. Effects of daily herbage allowance on sward structure, herbage intake and milk production by dairy cows grazing a pure perennial ryegrass sward. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1383-1388.
17. Kononoff, P. J., H. A. Lehman and A. J. Heinrichs. 2002. Technical note - a comparison of methods used to measure eating and ruminating activity in confined dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1801-1803.
18. Lippkc, H.. T. D. A. Forbes and W. C. Ellis. 2000. Effect of supplements on growth and forage intake by stocker steers grazing wheat pasture. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1625-1635.
19. Littell, R. C., G. A. Milliken, W. W. Stroup and R. D. Wolfinger. 1996. SAS System for Mixed Models. SAS Institute Inc., Cary. NC.
20. Luo, J., A. L. Goetsch, T. Sahlu, I. V. Nsahlai, Z. B. Johnson, J. E. Moore, M. L. Galycan, F. N. Owens and C. L. Ferrell. 2004. Prediction of metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and gain of preweaning, growing, and mature goats. Small Rum. Res. 53:231-252.
21. Minson, D. J. 1990. Digestible energy of forage. In: Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press, Inc. New York, NY. pp. 85-149.
22. Moniruzzaman, M., M. A. Hashem, S. Akhtar and M. M. Hossain. 2002. Effect of feeding systems on feed intake, eating behaviour. growth. reproductive performance and parasitic infestation of Black Bengal goats. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:1453-1457.
23. Montossi, F. and F. Hodgson. 1997. Herbage intake, ingestive behaviour and diet selection, and effects of condensed tannins upon body and wool growth in lambs grazing Lolium perenne and Holcus lanatus swards in summer. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 70:449-461.
24. Moore, J. E.. J. C. Burns and D. S. Fisher. 1996. Multiple regression equations for predicting relative feed value of grass hays. In: Proc. Am. Grassl. Council (Ed. M. J. Williams). AFGC. Georgetown. TX. pp. 135-139.
25. Moore, J. E., A. E. Goetsch, J. Luo, F. N. Owens, M. L. Galyean, Z. B. Johnson. I'. Sahlu and C. L. Ferrell. 2004. Prediction of fecal crude protein excretion of goats. Small Rum. Res. 53:275-292.
26. Muir, J. P. and E. Massaete. 1996. Effect of physical restriction and supplementation with Leucaena leucocephala on goat growth. Small Rum. Res. 23:103-108.
27. NRC. 1981. Nutrient Requirements of Goats: Angora. Dairy and Meat goats in Temperate and Tropical Countries. National Academy Press. Washington DC.
28. NRC. 2000. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Update 2000. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
29. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
30. Ørskov, E. R. 1992. Protein Nutrition in Ruminants. 2nd Edn. Academic Press. New York, NY. pp. 20-42.
31. Osuji, P. O. 1974. The physiology of eating and the energy expenditure of the ruminant at pasture. J. Range Manage. 27:437-443.
32. Patra, A. K., R. Puchala, G. Detweiler, L. J. Dawson, G. Animut, T. Sahlu and A. L. Goetsch. 2006. Tethering meat goats grazing forage of high nutritive value and moderate to high in mass. J. Anm. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):27 (Abstr.).
33. Preston, R. L. 2005. 2005 feed composition tables. In: Beef. Vol. 41, No. 8, April, 2005. Primedia Business Magazines & Media. Overland Park, KS. pp. 48-60.
34. Puchala, R., I. Tovar-Luna, A. L. Goetsch and T. Sahlu. 2005. The relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in growing crossbred Boer and Spanish wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):19 (Abstr.).
35. Puchala, R., I. Tovar-Luna, A. L. Goetsch, T. Sahlu. G E. Carstens and H. C. Freetly. 2007. The relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in Alpine, Angora, Boer and Spanish goat wethers consuming different quality diets at level of intake near maintenance or fasting. Small Rum. Res. 70:183-193.
36. Redmon, L. A., F. T. McCollum, III, G W. Horn, M. D. Cravey, S. A. Gunter, P. A. Beck, J. M. Mieres and R. San Julian. 1995. Forage intake by beef steers grazing winter wheat with varied herbage allowances. J. Range Manage. 48:198-201.
37. Sahlu, T., A. L. Goetsch, J. Luo, I. V. Nsahlai, J. E. Moore, M. L. Galyean, F. N. Owens, C. L. Ferrell and Z. B. Johnson. 2004. Nutrient requirements of goats: developed equations, other considerations and future research to improve them. Small Rum. Res. 53:191-219.
38. SAS. 1990. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6, 4th Edn., Vol. 2. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.
39. SCA. 1990. Feeding standards for Australian Livestock. Ruminants. CSIRO Publications, East Melbourne, Australia.
40. Tilley, J. M. A. and R. A. Terry. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 18:104-111.
41. Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Edn. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY. pp. 108-121.
42. Van Soest, P. J., R. H. Wine and L. A. Moore. 1966. Estimation of the true digestibility of forages by the in vitro digestion of cell walls. Proc. X Intl. Grassl. Congr. pp. 438-441.