Comparing scatterometric and radiometric simulations with geophysical model functions to tune a sea wave spectrum model

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 46, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 3756-3767

  Pierdicca, Nazzareno ^a   Pulvirenti, Luca ^a  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Electromagnetic scattering; Microwave radiometry; Radar cross section; Remote sensing; Sea

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETISM; FLUID DYNAMICS; GEOPHYSICS; MICROWAVES; MODULATION; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; RADAR CROSS SECTION; RADIOMETRY; REMOTE SENSING; SIGNAL PROCESSING; TUNING;

ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERINGS; FORWARD MODELS; GEOPHYSICAL MODEL FUNCTIONS; HYDRODYNAMIC MODULATIONS; LITERATURE MODELS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY; OBSERVATION ANGLES; SEA; SEA SURFACES; SEA WAVES; UNIFIED APPROACHES; WAVE SPECTRUMS; WIND SPEEDS;

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES;

EID: 56849093382     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.922145     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. P. Sobieski, A. Guissard, and C. Baufays, "Synergic inversion technique for active and passive microwave remote sensing of the ocean," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 391-406, May 1991.
2. D. W. Draper and D. G. Long, "Evaluating the effect of rain on Sea-Winds scatterometer measurements," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 109, no. C2, p. C02 005, 2004. DOI:10.1029/2002JC001741.
3. D. W. Draper and D. G. Long, "Assessing the quality of SeaWinds rain measurements," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1424-1432, Jul. 2004.
4. S. H. Yueh, R. Kwok, F. K. Li, S. V. Nghiem,W. J.Wilson, and J. A. Kong, "Polarimetric passive remote sensing of ocean wind vectors," Radio Sci., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 799-814, Jul./Aug. 1994.
5. S. H. Yueh, "Modeling of wind direction signals in polarimetric sea surface brightness temperatures," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1400-1418, Nov. 1997.
6. C. Bourlier, N. Déchamps, and G. Berginc, "Comparison of asymptotic backscattering models (SSA, WCA, and LCA) from one-dimensional Gaussian ocean-like surfaces," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1640-1652, May 2005.
7. A. G. Voronovich and V. U. Zavorotny, "Theoretical model for scattering of radar signals in Ku- and C-bands from a rough sea surface with breaking waves," Waves Random Media, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 247-269, Jul. 2001.
8. J. T. Johnson, "An efficient two-scale model for the computation of thermal emission and atmospheric reflection from the sea surface," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 549-559, Mar. 2006.
9. J. T. Johnson, "A study of ocean-like surface thermal emission and reflection using Voronovich's small slope approximation," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 306-314, Feb. 2005.
10. D. R. Lyzenga, "Comparison of WindSat brightness temperatures with two-scale model predictions," IEEE Trans.Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 560-568, Mar. 2006.
11. A. V. Kuzmin and M. N. Pospelov, "Retrieval of gravity-capillary spectrum parameters by means of microwave radiometric techniques," IEEE Trans.Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 983-989, May 2005.
12. A. G. Voronovich, V. U. Zavorotny, and V. G. Irisov, "Sea-roughness spectrum retrieval from radar and radiometric measurements," in Proc. IGARSS, Jul. 2000, vol. 7, pp. 3102-3104.
13. D. R. Lyzenga, "Ocean wave spectrum and dissipation rate derived from CMOD4 model function," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 109, no. C7, p. C07 019, Jul. 2004. DOI:10.1029/2003JC002237.
14. B. Jähne and K. S. Riemer, "Two-dimensional wavenumber spectra of small-scale water surface waves," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 95, no. C7, pp. 11 531-11 546, 1990.
15. T. Hara and W. J. Plant, "Hydrodynamic modulation of short wind-wave spectra by long waves and its measurement using microwave backscatter," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. C5, pp. 9767-9784, 1994.
16. H. Mitsuyasu, F. Tasai, T. Suhara, S. Mizuno, M. Ohkuso, T. Honda, and K. Rikiishi, "Observations of the directional spectrum of ocean waves using a cloverleaf buoy," J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 750-760, Oct. 1975.
17. D. E. Hasselmann, M. Dunkel, and J. A. Ewing, "Directional wave spectra observed during JONSWAP 1973," J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1264-1280, Aug. 1980.
18. H. Hersbach, A. Stoffelen, and S. de Haan, "An improved C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function: CMOD5," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 112, no. C3, p. C03 006, Mar. 2007. DOI:10.1029/2006JC003743.
19. F. J. Wentz and D. Smith, "A model function for the ocean normalized cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 104, no. C5, pp. 11 499-11 514, 1999.
20. M. H. Freilich and R. S. Dunbar, "The accuracy of the NSCAT-1 vector winds: Comparison with NDBC buoys," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 104, no. C5, pp. 11 231-11 246, 1999.
21. N. Ebuchi, "Evaluation of NSCAT-2 wind vectors by using statistical distributions of wind speeds and directions," J. Oceanogr., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 161-172, 2000.
22. F. J. Wentz, "A well calibrated ocean algorithm for Special Sensor Microwave/Imager," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 102, no. C4, pp. 8703-8718, 1997.
23. T. Meissner and F. J. Wentz, "An updated analysis of the ocean surface wind direction signal in passive microwave brightness temperatures," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1230-1240, Jun. 2002.
24. F. J. Wentz and T. Meissner, "AMSR ocean algorithm, Version 2, Algorithm theoretical basis document," Remote Sens. Syst., Santa Rosa, CA, RSS Tech. Rep. 121599A-1, Nov. 2000.
25. S. H. Yueh, W. J. Wilson, S. Dinardo, and F. K. Li, "Polarimetric microwave brightness signatures of ocean wind directions," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 949-959, Mar. 1999.
26. S. H. Yueh, W. J. Wilson, S. J. Dinardo, and S. V. Hsiao, "Polarimetric microwave wind radiometer model function and retrieval testing for WindSat," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 584-596,Mar. 2006.
27. P. Pampaloni, L. Guerriero, G. Macelloni, and N. Pierdicca, "'SEAWIND': A physical model for simulating ocean wind measurements by means of radio polarimetry," in Proc. Int. Workshop POLRAD, Aug. 1996, pp. 7-18.
28. N. Pierdicca, F. S. Marzano, L. Guerriero, and P. Pampaloni, "On the effect of atmospheric emission upon the passive microwave polarimetric response of an azimuthally anisotropic sea surface," Prog. Electromagn. Res., vol. 26, pp. 223-248, 2000.
29. L. Pulvirenti and N. Pierdicca, "Retrieval of atmospheric and surface parameters from satellite microwave radiometers over the Mediterranean Sea," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 90-101, Jan. 2006.
30. S. Boukabara, L. Eymard, C. Guillou, D. Lemaire, P. Sobieski, and A. Guissard, "Development of a modified two-scale electromagnetic model simulating both active and passive microwave measurements: Comparison to data remotely sensed over the ocean," Radio Sci., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 16-1-16-11, 2002.
31. S. Durden and J. Vesescky, "A physical radar cross-section model for a wind-driven sea with swell," IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. OE-10, no. 4, pp. 445-451, Oct. 1985.
32. T. Elfouhaily, B. Chapron, K. Katsaros, and D. Vandemark, "A unified directional spectrum for long and short wind-driven waves," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 102, no. C7, pp. 15 781-15 796, 1997.
33. K. St. Germain, G. A. Poe, and P.W. Gaiser, "Polarimetric emission model of the sea at microwave frequencies and comparison with measurements," Prog. Electromagn. Res., vol. 37, pp. 1-30, 2002.
34. W. J. Plant, "A stochastic, multiscale model of microwave backscatter from the ocean," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 107, no. C9, p. 3120, Dec. 2002. DOI.10.1029/2001JC000909.
35. D. Lemaire, P. Sobieski, and A. Guissard, "Full-range sea surface spectrum in nonfully developed state for scattering calculations," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1038-1051, Mar. 1999.
36. A. A. Mouche, D. Hauser, and V. Kudryavtsev, "Radar scattering of the ocean surface and sea-roughness properties: A combined analysis from dual-polarizations airborne radar observations and models in C band," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 111, no. C4, p. C09 004, 2006. DOI:10.1029/ 2005JC003166.
37. W. J. Plant, W. C. Keller, V. Hesany, T. Hara, E. Bock, and M. Donelan, "Bound waves and Bragg scattering in a wind wavetank," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 104, no. C2, pp. 3243-3263, 1999.
38. W. J. Ellison, A. Balana, G. Delbos, K. Lamkaouchi, L. Eymard, C. Guillou, and C. Prigent, "New permittivity measurements of seawater," Radio Sci., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 639-648, 1998.
39. P. C. Pandey and R. K. Kakar, "An empirical microwave emissivity model for a foam-covered sea," IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. OE-7, no. 3, pp. 135-140, Jul. 1982.
40. T. T. Wilheit, "A model for the microwave emissivity of the ocean's surface as a function of wind speed," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., vol. GE-17, no. 4, pp. 244-249, Oct. 1979.
41. M. A. Donelan and W. J. Pierson, "Radar scattering and equilibrium ranges in wind-generated waves with application to scatterometry," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 92, no. C5, pp. 4971-5030, May 1987.
42. J. R. Apel, "An improved model of the ocean surface wave vector spectrum and its effects on radar backscatter," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. C8, pp. 16 269-16 291, 1994.
43. C. Bourlier and G. Berginc, "Microwave analytical backscattering models from randomly rough anisotropic sea surface-Comparison with experimental data in C and Ku bands," in Progress in Electromagnetic Research, vol. 37, Y. Zhang and T. M. Grzegorczyk, Eds. Cambridge, MA: EMW, 2002, pp. 31-78.
44. D. B. Kunkee and A. J. Gasiewski, "Simulation of passive microwave wind direction signatures over the ocean using an asymmetric-wave geometrical optics model," Radio Sci., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 59-78, 1997.
45. C. Cox and W. Munk, "Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the sun's glitter," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 838-850, Nov. 1954.
46. Y. Liu, X. H. Yan, W. T. Liu, and P. A. Hwang, "The probability density function of ocean surface slopes and its effects on radar backscatter," J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 782-797, May 1997.
47. F. J. Wentz, "Cox and Munk's sea surface slope variance," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 1607-1608, 1976.