The languages of science, the vocabulary of politics: Challenges to medical revival in Punjab

Social History of Medicine

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 521-539

  Sivaramakrishnan, Kavita ^a  

^a HARVARD CENTER FOR POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Ayurved; British colonial; Hindu; Indigenous medicine; Practitioners; Punjab; Sikh; Western

Indexed keywords

EID: 56749183851     PISSN: 0951631X     EISSN: 14774666     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkn057     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Ayurved Martand, Amritsar, 1928-31.
2. Dukh Niwaran, Tarn Taran, 1906-18.
3. Hindi Milap, Lahore, 1938-45.
4. Khush Dil, Amritsar, 1934-5, 1945-6.
5. Nirmal Pattar, Amritsar, 1908-19, (new series) 1937-8.
6. Punjabi Vaid, Amritsar, 1940-51.
7. Rozana Akali, Lahore, 1945.
8. Sudhanidhi, Prayag, 1912-28, 1930-6.
9. Sukh Chain, Tam Taran, 1937-8.
10. Sukh Jeewan, Amritsar, 1916-17; Tarn Taran, 1937-8.
11. Tribune, Lahore, 1897-1946.
12. Vaid Visharadh, Amritsar, 1952-3.
13. Taneja P. L. 1932, All India Press Annual, Lahore Press Bureau.
14. Vaid M. S. 1917, Arogta Rakhyak (Body Guard of Health), Tarn Taran: Mohan Singh Vaid.
15. Arnold D. 1988, Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
16. Arnold D. 1993, Colonising the Body: The State and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
17. Arnold D. 2000, The New Cambridge History of India, Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India, vol. Ill, 5, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Baber Z. 1996, The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India, New York, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
19. Bala P. 1991, Imperialism and Medicine in Bengal: A Socio-Historical Perspective, New Delhi and London: Sage.
20. Barrier G. 1968, 'The Punjab Government and Communal Politics 1870-1907', Journal of Asian Studies, 27, 523-39.
21. Barrier G. 1970, The Sikhs and their Literature, Delhi: Manohar Book Service.
22. Barrier G. and Wallace P. 1970, The Punjab Press, 1880-1905, Michigan: Michigan State University Press.
23. Bayly C. and Rulers A. 1970, Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780-1870, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. Bose D. M., Sen S. N. and Subbarayappa B. V (eds) 1971, A Concise History of Science in India, New Delhi: National Commission for the Compilation of History of Science in India.
25. Brahmananda G. 1976, 'Indigenous Medicine in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Bengal', in Leslie C. (ed.), Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study, Berkeley: University of California Press, 368-78.
26. Brass P. R. 1972, 'The Politics of Ayurvedic Education: A Case Study of Revivalism and Modernization in India', in Rudolph S. H. and Rudolph L. I. (eds), Education and Politics in India, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 342-71.
27. Brass P. R. 1974, Language, Religion and Politics in North India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Breckenbridge C. and Van Der Veer P. (eds) 1991, Orientalism and the Post-Colonial Predicament, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
29. Burke P. and Porter R. (eds) 1986, The Social History of Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University of Press.
30. Calhoun C. (ed.) 1992, Habermas and the Public Sphere, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. Certeau M. de 1988, The Practice of Everyday Life, translated by Randall S., Berkeley: University of California Press.
32. Chakrabarty D. 2002, Habitations of Modernity: Essays in the Wake of Subaltern Studies, Delhi: Permanent Black.
33. Chandavarkar R. 1992, 'Plague, Panic and Epidemic Politics in India, 1896-1914', In Ranger T. and Slack P. (eds), Epidemics and Ideas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 203-40.
34. Chatterjee P. 1993, The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Post-Colonial Histories, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
35. Chatterjee P. 1997, 'Our Modernity', in Chatterjee P. (ed.), The Present History of West Bengal: Essays in Political Criticism', Delhi: Oxford University Press, 193-210.
36. Chatterjee S., Das Gupta M. K. and Ghosh A. (eds) 1982, Studies in the History of Science, Calcutta: Asiatic Society.
37. Cohn B. 1995, Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
38. Corfield P. (ed.) 1991, Language, History and Class, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
39. Dalmia V. 1997, The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bhartendu Harish Chandra and Nineteenth-Century Benares, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
40. Darshan S. 1978, 'How did the Nirmalas Preach?', Journal of Sikh Studies, 5, 147-51.
41. Davis E. 1983, Press and Politics in British Western Punjab, 1836-1947, Delhi: Academic Publications.
42. Ernst W. 1997, 'Idioms of Madness and Colonial Boundaries: The Case of the European and "Native" Mentally III In Early Nineteenth-Century British India', Journal of Comparative Studies in Society and History, 39, 153-81.
43. Ernst W. 2002, Plural Medicine, Tradition and Modernity, 1800-2000, London and New York: Routledge.
44. Fraser N. 1995, 'Politics, Culture and the Public Sphere: Toward a Post-Modern Conception', in Nickolson L. and Seidman S. (eds), Social Post Modernism: Beyond Identity Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1st edn, 287-312.
45. Freitag S. (ed.) 1990, Collective Action and Community: Public Arenas and the Emergence of Communalism in North India, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
46. FreitagS. 1991, 'Introduction: The Publicand its Meaningsin Colonial South Asia', South Asia, XIV, 1-13.
47. Frykenberg R. E. (ed.) 1993, Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History, Culture and Society, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
48. Gauba A. n.d., Amritsar: A Study in Urban History, 1840-1947, Jalandhar: ABS Publishers.
49. Good B. 1990, Medicine, Rationality and Experience, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. Grewal J. S. and Banga I. (eds) 1975, Early Nineteenth-Century Punjab, Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University.
51. Habermas J. 1989, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, 1st edn 1962, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
52. Habib I. S. 1982, 'Ramachandra', In Chatterjee S. and Das Gupta M. K. (eds), Studies in the History of Science, Amltabha Ghosh, Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 15-16.
53. Harbans Singh 1972, Bhai Vir Singh, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
54. Harbans Singh and Barrier G. 1976, Punjab Past and Present: Essays in Honour of Dr Ganda Singh, Patiala: Punjab University.
55. Harrison M. 1996, Public Health in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive Medicine, 1859-1914, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
56. Harrison M. and Pati B. 2001, Health, Medicine and Empire: Perspectives on Colonial India, Delhi: Oriental Longman.
57. Hobsbawm E. and Ranger T. (eds) 1983, The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Hume J. C. 1977, 'Rival Traditions: Western Medicine and Yunani Tibb In the Punjab, 1849-1889', Bulletin of History of Medicine, 51, 214-31.
59. Hume J. C. 1986, 'Colonialism and Sanitary Medicine: The Development of Preventive Health Policy in the Punjab, 1860-1900', Modern Asian Studies, 20, 703-24.
60. Jones K. W. 1976, Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in Nineteenth-Century Punjab, Delhi: Manohar.
61. Jones K. W. (ed.) 1992, Religious Controversy in British India. Dialogues in South Asian Languages, Albany: State University of New York Press.
62. Jordanova L. (ed.) 1986, Languages of Nature. Critical Essays on Science and Literature, London: Free Association Books.
63. Jordanova L. 1995, 'The Social Construction of Medical Knowledge', Social History of Medicine, 8, 361-82.
64. Kapur Rajiv A. 1994, Sikh Separatism: The Politics of Faith, London: Allen and Unwin.
65. King C. R. 1994, One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth-Century North India, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
66. Krishna V. V. 1992, 'The Colonial " Model" and the Emergence of National Science In India, 1876-1920', in Petitjean P. et al. (eds), Science and Empires, Dordecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 60-5.
67. Kumar D. 1992, 'Unequal Contenders, Uneven Ground', in Cunningham A. and Andrews B. (eds), Western Medicine as Contested Knowledge, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 172-90.
68. LaVolpa A. J. 1992, 'Conceiving of a Public: Ideas and Society in Eighteenth-century Europe', Journal of Modern History, 64, 79-116.
69. Leslie C. (ed.) 1976, Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study, Berkeley: University of California Press (Indian Edition, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, 1998).
70. Leslie C. and Young A. (eds) 1992, Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge, Berkeley: University of California Press.
71. Naregal V. 2001, Language Politics, Elites and the Public Sphere, Delhi: Permanent Black.
72. Narinder K. S. and Mahanti S. (eds) 1994, Memoirs of Ruchi Ram Sahni: Pioneer of Science Popularization in Punjab, Delhi: Wiley Eastern.
73. Oberai H. 1994, The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
74. Orsini F. 2002, The Hindi Public Sphere, 1920-1940: Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
75. Pannikar K. N. 1992, 'Indigenous Medicine and Cultural Hegemony: A Study of the Revitalization Movement in Keralam', Social History, 8, 283-308.
76. Petitjean P., Jami C. and Moulin A. M. (eds) 1992, Science and Empires: Historical Studies about Scientific Development and European Expansion, Dordecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 60-5.
77. Prakash G. 1996, 'Science Between the Lines', in Amin S. and Chakrabarty D. (eds), Subaltern Studies, IX, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 60-81.
78. Prakash G. 2000, Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
79. Quaiser N. 2001, 'Politics, Culture and Colonialism: Unani's Debate with Doctory', In Harrison M. and Pati B. (eds), Health, Medicine and Empire, Delhi: Orient Longman, 317-55.
80. Ramanna M. 2002, 'Gauging Indian Responses to Western Medicine: Hospitals and Dispensaries, Bombay Presidency, 1900-1920', In Kumar D. (ed.), Disease and Medicine in India, Delhi: Tulika, 233-48.
81. Ramasubban R. 1988, 'Public Health in British India, 1857-1900', in MacLeod R. and Milton L. (eds), Disease, Medicine, and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion, London: Routledge, 38-60.
82. Ramaswamy S. 1998, Passions of the Tongue: Language and Devotion in Tamil India, 1891-1970, Delhi: Munshlram Manoharlal.
83. Ray K. 1998, History of Public Health in Colonial Bengal, 1921-1947, Calcutta: K. P. Bagchi.
84. Sehgal N. and Mahanti S. (eds) 1994, Memoirs of Ruchi Ram Sahni: Pioneer of Science Popularisation in Punjab, Delhi: Wiley Eastern.
85. Sivaramakrishnan K. 1999, 'The Use of the Past in a Public Campaign, Ayurvedic Prachar in the Writings of Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid', In Ali D. (ed.), Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 178-91.
86. Sivaramakrishnan K. 2006a, 'Old Potions, New Bottles: Recasting Indigenous Medicine in Colonial Punjab, 1850-1947', New Perspectives in South Asian History Series, Wellcome HOM, Delhi: Orient Longman, 14-31.
87. Sivaramakrishnan K. 2006b, 'Constructing Boundaries, Contesting Identities: The Politics of Ayurved in Punjab (1930s-1940s)', Studies in History, 22, 253-83.
88. Trawick M. 1976, 'Death and Nurturance in the Indian Systems of Healing', in Leslie C. (ed.), Asian Medical Knowledge: A Comparative Study, Berkeley: University of California Press, 143-55.
89. Dial Singh, Mahant 1952/3, Nirmal Panth Darsan, vols I and II, Amritsar: Dera Baba Mishra Singh.
90. Kapoor N. S. 1988, Panjabi Pattarkarida Vikas, Patlala: Languages Department.
91. Nara Ishar Singh 1959, ltihas Baba Srichand Sahib Udasin Sampraday Delhi: Wara Ishar Singh.
92. Pritam Singh (ed.) 1981, Nirmal Sampraday, Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University.
93. Randhir Singh 1959, Udasi Sikhan di Vithia, Amritsar: Shiromani Gurudwara Prabhandak Committee.