Pre-European Dawnland: Archaeology of the Maritime Peninsula

New England and the Maritime Provinces: Connections and Comparisons

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 15-31

  Sanger, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

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EID: 56749111317     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (99)

1. George F. MacDonald, Debert: A Palaeo-Indian Site in Central Nova Scotia, Anthropology Papers. (Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1968).
2. Arthur, E. Spiess, James W. Bradley, and Deborah Wilson, "Paleoindian Occupation in the New England-Maritimes Region: Beyond Cultural Ecology," Archaeology of Eastern North America 26 (1998), 201-64.
3. Christopher Ellis, Albert C. Goodyear, Dan F. Morse, and Kenneth B. Tankersley, "Archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition in Eastern North America," Quaternary International 49/50 (1998), 151-66.
4. Ronald B. Davis and George L. Jacobsen, Jr, "Late Glacial and Early Holocene Landscapes in Northern New England and Adjacent Areas of Canada," Quaternary Research 23 (1985), 341-68.
5. Richard M. Gramly, The Vail Site: A Paleo-Indian Encampment in Maine (New York: Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 1982); MacDonald. Debert: A Palaeo-Indian Site in Central Nova Scotia.
6. Stephen Loring, "On the Trail of the Caribou House: Some Reflections on Innu Caribou Hunters in Northern Ntessinan (Labrador)." In Lawrence Jackson and Paul Thacker, Caribou and Reindeer Hunters of the Northern Hemisphere. (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 1997), 185-220.
7. Stephen G. Pollock, Nathan D. Hamilton, and Robson Bonnichsen, "Chert from the Munsungun Lake Formation (Maine) in Palaeoameri-can Archaeological Sites in Northeastern North America: Recognition of Its Occurrence and Distribution," Journal of Archaeological Science 26 (1999), 269-93.
8. Claude Chapdelaine, ed., Rya 8000 ans à Rimouski: Paléoécohgie et archeologie d'un site de la culture plano, vol. 22, Paléo-Québec (Montreal: Recherches Amérindiennes au Quebec, 1994).
9. Stephen A. Davis and David Christianson, "Three Paleo-Indian Specimens from Nova Scotia," Canadian Journal of Archaeology 12 (1988), 190-6.
10. Belinda J. Cox and James B. Petersen, "The Varney Farm (36-57 Me): A Late Paleoindian Encampment in Western Maine," The Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin 37, no. 2 (1997), 25-48.
11. David Sanger, William R. Belcher, and Douglas C. Kellogg, "Early Holocene Occupation at the Blackman Stream Site, Central Maine." In Brian S. Robinson, James B. Petersen and Anne K Robinson, eds., Early Holocene Occupations in Northern New England (Augusta, Maine: Maine Historic Preservation Commission, 1992), 149-61.
12. William A. Ritchie, The Archaeology of New York State (New York: Natural History Press, 1965).
13. David G. Anderson, "Models of Paleoindian and Early Archaic Settlement in the Lower Southeast," in D.G Anderson and KE. Sassaman, eds., The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast (Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, 1996), 29-57; Ellis, Goodyear, Morse, and Tankersley, "Archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition in Eastern North America," 151-66.
14. Dena F. Dincauze, The Neville Site, Peabody Museum Monographs (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1976).
15. James A. Tuck, "The Archaic Period in the Maritime Provinces." In Michael Deal and Susan Blair, eds., Prehistoric Archaeology in the Maritime Provinces: Past and Present Research (Fredericton: The Council of Maritime Premiers, 1991), 29-65;.
16. Tuck, "The Northeastern Maritime Continuum: 8000 Years of Cultural Development in the Far Northeast," Arctic Anthropology 12, no. 2 (1975), 139-47;.
17. James V. Wright, A History of the Native People of Canada, Volume I (10,000-1,000 B.C.). Paper 152, Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada (Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1995).
18. Brian S. Robinson, "Early and Middle Archaic Period Occupation in the Gulf of Maine Region: Mortuary and Technological Patterning," in Brian S. Robinson, James B. Petersen, and Ann K. Robinson, eds., Early Holocene Occupation in Northern New England, 63-116.
19. For an extended review of the discussion, see Bruce J. Bourque, Diversity and Complexity in Prehistoric Maritime Societies (New York: Plenum Press, 1995).
20. Brent M. Murphy, "Researching the Early Holocene on the Maritime Provinces," MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1998;.
21. David Sanger, "Gilman Falls Site: Implications for the Early and Middle Archaic of the Maritime Peninsula," Canadian Journal of Archaeohgy 20 (1996), 7-28.
22. Michel Plourde, "Cap-De-Bon-Désir: Is the Early Archaic in the Eastern St. Lawrence Valley Related to the Gulf of Maine Archaic Tradition?" Paper presented at the Canadian Archaeological Association, Ottawa, 2000;.
23. Plourde, "Une composante de l'archaic ancien au Cap-De-Bon-Désir, Grandes-Bergeronnes," Archéohgiques 13 (1992), 1-11.
24. James B. Petersen, Archaeological Testing at the Sharrow Site: A Deeply Stratified Early to Late Holocene Cultural Sequence in Central Maine, Occasional Papers in Maine Archaeology, No. 8 (Augusta, Maine: Maine Historic Preservation Commission, 1992);.
25. James B. Petersen, Nathan D. Hamilton, David Putnam et al., "The Piscataquis Archaeological Project: A Late Pleistocene Occupational Sequence in Northern New England," Archaeology of Eastern North America 14 (1986), 1-18.
26. For a review of Archaic food bone remains see, Arthur E. Spiess, "Archaic Period Subsistence in New England and the Atlantic Provinces," in Robinson, Petersen, and Robinson, eds., Early Holocene Occupation in Northern New England, 163-85.
27. David Sanger, Alice R. Kelley, and Heather Almquist, "Geoarchaeological and Cultural Interpretations in the Lower Penobscot Valley, Maine," in John Hart and David Cremeens, eds., Current Topics in Northeast Geoarchaeology, 135-50.
28. Heather Almquistjacobson and David Sanger, "Paleogeographic Changes in Wetland and Upland Environments in the Milford Drainage Basin of Central Maine, in Relation to Holocene Human Settlement History," in John Hart, ed., Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany (Albany, New York: New York State Museum, 1992), 177-90.
29. Heather Almquist, Ann C. Dieffenbacher-Krall, Riley Flanagan-Brown, and David Sanger "The Holocene Record of Lake Levels of Mansell Pond, Central Maine, USA," The Holocene 11 (2) (2001), 189-201.
30. Brian Robinson, "A Regional Analysis of the Moorehead Burial Tradition: 8500-3700 B.P.," Archaeology of Eastern North America 24 (1996), 95-148.
31. Robert E. Funk, "Holocene or Hollow Scene? The Search for the Earliest Archaic Cultures in New York State," The Review of Archaeology 17, no. 1 (1996), 11-25.
32. For a review of the history of this idea see, James B. Petersen and David E. Putnam, "Early Holocene Occupation in the Central Gulf of Maine Region," in Robinson, Petersen and Robinson, eds., Early Holocene Occupation in Northern New England, 13-61.
33. David Sanger, "Culture Change as an Adaptive Process in the Maine Maritimes Region," Arctic Anthropology 12, no. 2 (1975), 60-75;.
34. Steven L. Cox, "Site 95.20 and the Vergennes Phase in Maine," Archaeology of Eastern North America 19 (1991), 135-61;.
35. James B. Petersen, "Prece-ramic Archaeological Manifestations in the Far Northeast: A Review of Current Research," Archaeology of Eastern North America 23 (1995), 207-30;.
36. Brian S. Robinson, "Projectile Points, Other Diagnostic Things, and Cultural Boundaries in the Gulf of Maine Region," Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin 36 (1996), 1-24;.
37. Sanger, "Gilman Falls Site: Implications for the Early and Middle Archaic of the Maritime Peninsula," 7-28;.
38. David Sanger and Bonnie Newsom, "Middle Archaic in the Lower Piscataquis River, and Its Relationship to the Laurentian Tradition in Central Maine," The Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin 40, no. 1 (2000), 1-22.
39. James B. Petersen, Brian S. Robinson, Daniel F. Belknap, James Stark, and Lawrence K. Kaplan, "An Archaic and Woodland Period Fish Weir Complex in Central Maine," Archaeology of Eastern North America 22 (1994)- 197-222.
40. James B. Petersen and Nancy Asch Sidell, "Mid-Holocene Evidence of Curcurbita Sp. from Central Maine," American Antiquity 61 (1996), 685-98.
41. Robinson, "Projectile Points, Other Diagnostic Things, and Cultural Boundaries in the Gulf of Maine Region," 1-24;.
42. David Sanger, "An Analysis of Seasonal Transhumance Models for Pre-European State of Maine," Review of Archaeology 17, no. 1 (1996), 54-8;.
43. A number of the papers presented in the proceedings of the 1974 Smithsonian Institution conference on the Late Archaic reflect the debate. William W. Fitzhugh, "Introduction," in William W. Fitzhugh, ed., Papers from a Symposium on Moorehead and Maritime Archaic Problems in Northeastern North America (Washington, DC: Arctic Anthropology, 1975), 1-6.
44. Daniel F. Belknap, "Geoarchaeology in Central Coastal Maine," in Bourque, ed., Diversity and Complexity in Prehistoric Maritime Societies, 275-391;.
45. John G. Crock, James B. Petersen, and Ross M. Anderson, "Scalloping for Artifacts: A Biface and Plummet from Eastern Blue Hill Bay, Maine," Archaeology of Eastern North America 21 (1993), 179-92;.
46. David Sanger, "Maritime Adaptations in the Gulf of Maine," Archaeology of Eastern North America 16 (1988), 81-99;.
47. David Sanger and Douglas C. Kellogg, "Prehistoric Archaeology and Evidence of Coastal Subsidence on the Coast of Maine," in Walter A. Anderson and Harold Boras, eds., Neotectonics of Maine (Augusta, Maine: Maine Geological Survey, 1989), 107-26;.
48. Christopher J. Turnbull and Patricia M. Allen, "A Review of Maritime Provinces Prehistory by James Tuck," Canadian Journal of Archaeology 12 (1988), 250-60.
49. Michael Brigham, Robert N. Bartone, Jessica A. Reed, and Ellen Cowie, "Introduction to the Archaeological Phase III Excavations at NTOLON-APEMK, the Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site, 96-02," The Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin, Vol. 41 (2), 27-39.
50. David Sanger and Stephen A. Davis, "Preliminary Report on the Bain Site and the Chegoggin Archaeological Project," in Deal and Blair, eds., Prehistoric Archaeology in the Maritime Provinces: Past and Present Research, 59-71.
51. Brian S. Robinson, "Archaic Period Burial Patterning in Northeastern North America," The Review ofArchaeohgy 17, no. 1 (1996).
52. Norman Clermont and Claude Chapdelaine, Ǐle Morrison: Lieu sacré et atelier de l'archaïque dans l'outaouais, vol. 28, Paléo-Québec (Montreal: Recherches Amérindiennes au Quebec, 1998).
53. David Sanger, Cow Point: An Archaic Cemetery in New Brunswick, vol. 12, Mercury Series (Ottawa: Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museums of Canada, 1973).
54. James A. Tuck, ed., Ancient Peoples of Port Au Choix, Social and Economic Studies (St John's: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1976).
55. James E. Anderson, "The Human Skeletons," in Tuck, ed., Ancient People of Port Au Choix, 124-31;.
56. Johan Jelsma, A Bed of Ochre (Amsterdam: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 2001).
57. David W. Black, "Rum Beach and the Susquehanna Tradition in the Quoddy Region, Charlotte County, New Brunswick," Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 24 (2000), 89-105;.
58. Michael Deal, "Late Archaic and Ceramic Period Utilization of the Mud Lake Stream Site, Southwestern New Brunswick," Man in the Northeast 32 (1986), 67-94;.
59. Tuck, "The Archaic Period in the Maritime Provinces," 29-65.
60. Brian S. Robinson, "A Regional Analysis of the Moorehead Burial Tradition: Groups and Boundaries on the Gulf of Maine," PhD thesis, Brown University, 2000.
61. Patricia M. Allen, "The Oxbow Site: An Archaeological Framework for Northeastern New Brunswick," in M.G. Hanna and B. Kooyman, eds., Approaches to Algonquian Archaeology, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference (Calgary: University of Calgary Archaeological Association, 1982), 119-34;.
62. James B. Petersen and David Sanger, "An Aboriginal Ceramic Sequence for Maine and the Maritime Provinces," in Deal and Blair, eds., Prehistoric Archaeology in the Maritime Provinces: Past and Present Research, 113-70.
63. James V. Wright, A History of the Native People of Canada: Volume II (1,000 B.C.-A.D. 500), paper 152, Mercury Series (Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1999).
64. Christopher, J. Turnbull, "The Augustine Site: A Mound from the Maritimes," Archaeology of Eastern North America 4 (1976), 50-62.
65. Stephen A. Davis, "The Ceramic Period of Nova Scotia," in Deal and Blair, eds., Prehistoric Archaeology in the Maritime Provinces: Past and Present Research, 93-108.
66. Douglas Rutherford, "The Ceramic Period in New Brunswick," in Deal and Blair, eds., Prehistoric Archaeology in the Maritime Provinces: Past and Present Research, 109-19;.
67. Rutherford, "Reconsidering the Middlesex Burial Phase in the Maine-Maritimes Region," Canadian Journal of Archaeology 14 (1990), 169-81.
68. Susan Blair, "Feeling the Elephant: Early Maritime Woodland Components from South Central New Brunswick," paper presented at the Canadian Archaeological Association, Ottawa 2000.
69. Ives Goddard, "Eastern Algonquian Languages," in B.G. Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians-Northeast (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978), 70-7;.
70. Franklin T. Siebert, "The Original Home of the Proto-Algonquian People," in Contributions to Anthropology: Linguistics I (Algonquian) (Ottawa: National Museum of Canada, 1967), 13-47.
71. Stuart J. Fiedel, "Correlating Archaeology and Linguistics: The Algonquian Case," Man in the Northeast 41 (1991), 9-32.
72. Christopher Borstel, Archaeological Investigations at the Young Site, Alton, Maine, Occasional Publications in Maine Archaeology, No. 2 (Augusta, Maine: Maine Historic Preservation Commission, 1982).
73. Karen E. Mack, David Sanger, and Alice R. Kelley, The Bob Site: A Multicomponent Archaic and Ceramic Period Site on Pushaw Stream, Maine, Occasional Papers in Maine Archaeology. No. 12 (Augusta: Maine Archaeological Association and Maine Historic Preservation Commission, 2002).
74. Bonnie Newsom, "Ceramic Period Archaeology Along the Lower Piscataquis River, Maine," MSc thesis, Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, 1999. For a more comprehensive review, see also Petersen and Sanger, "An Aboriginal Ceramic Sequence for Maine and the Maritime Provinces," 113-70.
75. Douglas C. Kellogg, "Statistical Relevance and Site Locational Data," American Antiquity 52, no. 1 (1987), 143-50;.
76. Kellogg, "Why Did They Choose to Live Here? Ceramic Period SetÜement in the Boothbay, Maine, Region," Northeast Anthropology 48 (1994), 25-60;.
77. David Sanger, "Testing the Models: Hunter-Gatherer Use of Space in the Gulf of Maine, USA," World Archaeology 27 (1996), 512-26.
78. The majority of well-defined coastal semi-subterranean houses occur between Penobscot Bay and Passamaquoddy Bay. William R. Belcher, "The Archaeology of the Knox Site, East Penobscot Bay, Maine," Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin 29, no. 1 (1989), 33-46;.
79. Stephen A. Davis, Teachers Cove: A Prehistoric Site on Passamaquoddy Bay. vol. 1, New Brunswick Archaeology Series (Fredericton: Historic Resources Administration, 1978).
80. David Sanger, The Carson Site and the Late Ceramic Period in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, vol. 135, Mercury Series (Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1987).
81. Sanger, "An Introduction to the Prehistory of the Passamaquoddy Bay Region," American Review of Canadian Studies 16, no. 2 (1986), 139-59;.
82. Sanger, "Prehistory of Passamaquoddy Bay: A Summary," Maine Archaeological Society Bulletin 11, no. 2 (1971), 14-19.
83. Examples of faunal lists from coastal sites abound. They reflect the heterogeneity in subsistence and settlement strategies. For examples, see William R. Belcher, "Prehistoric Fish Exploitation in East Penobscot Bay, Maine: The Knox Site and Sea-Level Rise," Archaeology of Eastern North America 17(1989), 175-90;.
84. David W. Black, Living Close to the Ledge: Prehistoric Human Ecology of the Bliss Islands, Quoddy Region, New Brunswick, Canada. Occasional Papers in Northeastern Archaeology, vol. 6 (Dundas: Copetown Press, 1992);.
85. Sanger, The Carson Site and the Late Ceramic Period in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Sanger, "Testing the Models: Hunter-Gatherer Use of Space in the Gulf of Maine, USA," 512-26;.
86. Arthur E. Spiess and Robert Lewis, The Turner Farm Fauna: joooYears of Hunting and Fishing in Penobscot Bay, Maine, Occasional Publications in Maine Archaeology, no. 11 (2001);.
87. Frances L. Stewart, "Seasonal Movements of Indians in Acadia as Evidenced by Historical Documents and Vertebrate Faunal Remains from Archaeological Sites," Man in the Northeast 32 (1989), 55-77;.
88. Pierre Biard, "Relation of New France, and the Jesuit Father's Voyage to That Country," in Reuben Thwaites, ed., Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents (Cleveland: Burrows Brothers, 1896).
89. Davis, "The Ceramic Period of Nova Scotia," 93-108.
90. Dean R. Snow, The Archaeology of New England (New York, NY: Academic Press, 1980), 43.
91. James B. Petersen, "Fiber Industries from Northern New England: Ethnicity and Technological Traditions During the Woodland Period," in James B. Petersen, ed., A Most Indispensable Art (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996), 100-19.
92. Fredrik Barth, "Introduction," in F. Barth, ed., Ethnic Groups and Boundaries (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969), 9-38, 12.
93. Anonymous, "Zoological Sketches," The Halifax Monthly Magazine 1831, 145-51, 149.
94. Frank Speck, "Penobscot Tales and Religious Beliefs," The Journal of American Folklore 48 (1935), 1-107.
95. S. de Champlain, "The Voyages of the Sieure de Champlain," in H. Big-gar, ed., The Works of Samuel De Champlain (Toronto: The Champlain Society, 1922), [1613], 327.
96. A review of southern New England illustrates a very complex social situation. Kathleen J. Bragdon, Native People of Southern New England, 1500-1650 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996).
97. David Demeritt, "Agriculture, Climate and Cultural Adaptation in the Prehistoric Northeast," Archaeology of Eastern North America 19 (1991), 183-202.
98. Vincent O. Erickson, "Maliseet-Passamaquoddy," in B.G. Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians-the Northeast, vol. 15 (Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978), 123-36; Prins, TheMi'kmaq, 27, 28.
99. Franklin G. Speck, "The Eastern Algonkian Wabanaki Confederacy," American Anthropologist 17 (1915), 492-508. Brought together in times of political emergencies, this institution continues today as a means of maintaining social, political, and family ties. Kinship terminology (fictive in most instances), such as "brother" applied to tribal emissaries, extended even to positioning the junior Mi'kmaq delegate in a cradle board.