Parallel divergence of sympatric genetic and body size forms of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, from two Scottish lakes

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 95, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 748-757

  Adams, Colin E ^a   Wilson, Alastair J ^b,c   Ferguson, Moira M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Evolution; Phenotypic plasticity; Polymorphism

Indexed keywords

ALLELE; BODY SIZE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; LAKE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; POLYMORPHISM; SALMONID; SYMPATRY;

EURASIA; EUROPE; SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

SALVELINUS ALPINUS; SALVELINUS FONTINALIS;

EID: 56649103489     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: 10958312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01066.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Adams CE, Fraser D, Huntingford FA, Greer RB, Askew CM, Walker AF. 1998. Trophic polymorphism in the Arctic charr from Loch Rannoch, Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology 52 : 1259 1272.
2. Adams CE, Fraser D, McCarthy I, Sheilds S, Waldron S, Alexander G. 2003. Stable isotopes analysis reveals ecological segregation in a bimodal size polymorphism in Arctic charr from Loch Tay, Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology 78 : 43 49.
3. Adams CE, Hamilton DJ, McCarthy I, Wilson AJ, Grant A, Alexander G, Waldron S, Snorasson SS, Ferguson MM, Skúlason S. 2006. Does breeding site fidelity drive phenotypic and genetic sub-structuring of a population of Arctic charr? Evolutionary Ecology 20 : 11 26.
4. Adams CE, Huntingford FA. 2002a. The functional significance of inherited differences in feeding morphology in a sympatric polymorphic population of Arctic charr. Evolutionary Ecology 16 : 15 25.
5. Adams CE, Huntingford FA. 2002b. Inherited differences in head allometry in polymorphic charr from Loch Rannoch, Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology 60 : 515 520.
6. Adams CE, Huntingford FA. 2004. Incipient speciation driven by phenotypic plasticity? Evidence from sympatric populations of Arctic charr. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 81 : 611 618.
7. Adams CE, Maitland PS. 2007. Arctic charr in Britain and Ireland - 15 species or one? Ecology of Freshwater Fish 16 : 20 28.
8. Adams CE, Wilson AJ, Fraser D, Alexander G, Ferguson MM. 2007. Patterns of phenotypic and genetic variability show hidden diversity in Scottish Arctic charr. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 16 : 78 86.
9. Alekseyev SS, Samusenok VP, Matveev AN, Pichugin MY. 2002. Diversificaiton sympatric speciation and trophic polymorphism of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus complex in Transbaikalia. Environmental Biology of Fishes 64 : 97 114.
10. Alexander G, Adams CE. 2000. Phenotypic variation in Arctic charr from Scotland and Ireland. Aqua 4 : 77 88.
11. Alexander G, Adams CE. 2004. Exposure to a common environment erodes between-strain morphological differences in Arctic charr. Journal of fish Biology 64 : 254 258.
12. Behnke RJ. 1984. Organising the diversity of the Arctic charr complex. In : Johnson L, Burns BL, eds. Biology of the Arctic charr. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Arctic charr. Winnipeg : University of Manitoba Press, 3 21.
13. Boughman JK, Rundle HD, Schluter D. 2005. Parallel evolution of sexual selection in sticklebacks. Evolution 59 : 361 373.
14. Diekmann U, Doebeli M. 1999. On the origin of species by sympatric speciation. Nature 400 : 354 359.
15. Excoffier L, Laval LG, Schneider S. 2005. Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 1 : 47 50.
16. Fraser D, Adams CE, Huntingford FA. 1998. Trophic polymorphism among Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L., from Loch Ericht, Scotland. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 7 : 184 191.
17. Gíslason D, Ferguson MM, Skúlason S, Snorrason SS. 1999. Rapid and coupled phenotypic and genetic divergence in Icelandic Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56 : 2229 2234.
18. Hardy OJ, Vekemans X. 2002. Spagedi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Molecular Ecology Notes 2 : 618 620.
19. Hindar K, Jonsson B. 1982. Habitat and food segregation of dwarf and normal Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from Vangsvatnet lake, western Norway. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39 : 1404 1413.
20. Jensen JW, Hesthagen T. 1996. Direct estimates of the selectivity of a multi-mesh and a series of single gillnets for brown trout. Journal of Fish Biology 49 : 33 40.
21. Johnson L. 1980. The Arctic charr. In : Balon EK, ed. Charrs, salmonid fishes of the genus salvelinus. The Hague : Junk, 15 98.
22. Klemetsen A, Amundsen P-A, Knudsen R, Hermansen B. 1997. A profundal, winter-spawning morph of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Lake Fjellfrøsvatn, northern Norway. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research 73 : 13 23.
23. Klemetsen A, Amundsen PA, Dempson JB, Jonsson B, Jonsson N, O'Connell MF, Mortensen E. 2003a. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar (L.)), brown trout (Salmo trutta (L.)) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)): a review of aspects of their life histories. Ecology of Freshwater Fishes 12 : 1 59.
24. Klemetsen A, Elliot JM, Knudsen R, Sorensen P. 2002. Evidence for genetic differences in the offspring of two sympatric morphs of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Journal of Fish Biology 60 : 933 950.
25. Klemetsen A, Grotnes PE, Holthe H, Kristoffersen K. 1985. Bear Island charr. Report of the institute of freshwater research. Drottningholm 62 : 98 119.
26. Klemetsen A, Knutsen R, Primicero R, Amundsen PA. 2006. Divergent genetically based feeding behaviour of 2 sympatric Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) morphs. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15 : 350 355.
27. Klemetsen A, Knutsen R, Staldvik FJ, Amundsen PA. 2003b. Habitat diet and food assimilation of Arctic charr under winter ice in two sub-arctic lakes. Journal of Fish Biology 62 : 1082 1098.
28. Kottelat M, Freyhof J. 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Cornol : Publications Kottelat.
29. Malmquist MJ. 1992. Phenotype specific feeding behaviour of two Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus morphs. Oecologia 92 : 354 361.
30. McCarthy ID, Fraser D, Waldron S, Adams CE. 2004. Stable isotope analysis reveals temporal stability of a trophic polymorphism and an ontogenetic trophic level shift among Arctic charr from Loch Ericht, Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology 65 : 1435 1440.
31. Murray J, Pullar L. 1910. Bathymetric survey of the freshwater lochs of Scotland. London : Challenger Office.
32. Nordeng H. 1983. Solution to the charr problem based on Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in Norway. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 40 : 1372 1387.
33. Nyman L, Hammar J, Gydemo R. 1981. The systematics and biology of landlocked populations of Arctic charr from northern Europe. Report of the Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 59 : 128 131.
34. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly PJ. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155 : 945 959.
35. Regan CT. 1909. The char of Great Britain. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8 : 225 234.
36. Reist JD. 1986. An empirical evaluation of several univariate methods that adjust for size variation in morphometirc data. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63 : 1429 1439.
37. Rousset F. 2000. Genetic differentiation between individuals. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13 : 58 62.
38. Rundle HD, Nagel LM, Boughman JW, Schluter D. 2000. Natural selection and parallel speciation in sympatric sticklebacks. Science 287 : 306 308.
39. Savvaitova K. 1995. Patterns of diversity and process of speciation in Arctic char. Nordic journal of Freshwater Research 71 : 81 91.
40. Schluter D. 1996. Ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351 : 807 814.
41. Skúlason S, Snorrason SS, Ota D, Noakes DLG. 1993. Genetically based differences in foraging behaviour among sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Pisces, Salmonidae). Animal Behaviour 45 : 1179 1192.
42. Snorrason SS, Skúlason S, Jonsson B, Malmquist HJ, Jónasson PM, Sandlund OT, Lindem T. 1994. Trophic specialisation in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Pisces; Salmonidae): Morphological divergence and ontogenetic niche shifts. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 52 : 1 18.
43. Snorrason SS, Skúlason S, Sandlund OT, Malmquist H, Jonasson B, Jonasson PM. 1989. Shape polymorphism in sympatric Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from Thingvallavatn, Iceland. Physiology and Ecology Japan, Special Series 1 : 393 404.
44. Turner GF, Burrows MT. 1995. A model of sympatric speciation by sexual selection. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences 260 : 287 292.
45. Wilson AJ, Gíslason D, Skúlason S, Snorrason SS, Adams CE, Alexander G, Danzmann RG, Ferguson MM. 2004. Population genetic structure of Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus from northwest Europe on large and small spatial scales. Molecular Ecology 13 : 1129 1142.