메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 131-152

Pathways to social complexity and state formation in the Southern Zambezian region

Author keywords

Fortification; Great Zimbabwe; Mapungubwe; Social and political complexity; States; Urbanism; Zambezia; Zimbabwe culture

Indexed keywords


EID: 56549122536     PISSN: 02630338     EISSN: 15729842     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10437-008-9031-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 33646232272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting conflict in the ancient Andes
    • Arkush, E., & Stanish, C. (2005). Interpreting conflict in the ancient Andes. Current Anthropology, 46(1), 3-28.
    • (2005) Current Anthropology , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-28
    • Arkush, E.1    Stanish, C.2
  • 3
    • 9144220024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive archaeology and imaginary history at Great Zimbabwe
    • Beach, D. (1998). Cognitive archaeology and imaginary history at Great Zimbabwe. Current Anthropology, 39(1), 47-72.
    • (1998) Current Anthropology , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-72
    • Beach, D.1
  • 5
    • 0344541380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irrigation and the origins of the Southern Moche State on the north coast of peru
    • Bilman, B. (2002). Irrigation and the origins of the Southern Moche State on the north coast of peru. Latin American Antiquity, 13(4), 371-400.
    • (2002) Latin American Antiquity , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 371-400
    • Bilman, B.1
  • 6
    • 0000585293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond centralization: Steps toward a theory of egalitarian behavior in archaic states
    • In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.) Santa Fe: School of American Research Press
    • Blanton, R. (1998). Beyond centralization: Steps toward a theory of egalitarian behavior in archaic states. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 135-172). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
    • (1998) Archaic States , pp. 135-172
    • Blanton, R.1
  • 7
    • 84892221097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual-processual theory for the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization
    • Blanton, R., et al. (1996). A dual-processual theory for the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization. Current Anthropology, 37(10), 1-14.
    • (1996) Current Anthropology , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 1-14
    • Blanton, R.1
  • 8
    • 0001683669 scopus 로고
    • A Theory of the Origin of the State
    • Carneiro, R. (1970). A Theory of the Origin of the State. Science, 169, 733-738.
    • (1970) Science , vol.169 , pp. 733-738
    • Carneiro, R.1
  • 9
    • 0003048397 scopus 로고
    • The chiefdom: Precursor of the state
    • In G. Jones, & R. Kautz (Eds.) New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Carneiro, R. (1981). The chiefdom: Precursor of the state. In G. Jones, & R. Kautz (Eds.), The Transition to Statehood in the New World (pp. 37-79). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1981) The Transition to Statehood in the New World , pp. 37-79
    • Carneiro, R.1
  • 10
    • 0011569273 scopus 로고
    • Chiefdom-level warfare as exemplified in Fiji and the Cauca Valley
    • In J. Haas (Ed.) New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Carneiro, R. (1990). Chiefdom-level warfare as exemplified in Fiji and the Cauca Valley. In J. Haas (Ed.), The Anthropology of War (pp. 190-211). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) The Anthropology of War , pp. 190-211
    • Carneiro, R.1
  • 12
  • 13
    • 6044240523 scopus 로고
    • Glass beads in African archaeology: Results from neutron activation analyses
    • Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley
    • Davison, C. C. (1972). Glass beads in African archaeology: Results from neutron activation analyses. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
    • (1972)
    • Davison, C.C.1
  • 14
    • 4444360066 scopus 로고
    • Cows and kings: A spatial and economic analysis of a hierarchical Early Iron Age settlement system in eastern Botswana
    • In M. Hall, et al. (Ed.) Oxford: British Archaeological Reports
    • Denbow, J. (1984). Cows and kings: A spatial and economic analysis of a hierarchical Early Iron Age settlement system in eastern Botswana. In M. Hall, et al. (Ed.), Frontiers: Southern African archaeology today (pp. 24-39). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
    • (1984) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today , pp. 24-39
    • Denbow, J.1
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
    • 56549106793 scopus 로고
    • The Greefswald sequence: Bambandyanalo and Mapungubwe
    • Fagan, B. (1964). The Greefswald sequence: Bambandyanalo and Mapungubwe. The Journal of African History, 5(3), 337-361.
    • (1964) The Journal of African History , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-361
    • Fagan, B.1
  • 18
    • 17544381021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoamerican political complexity: The corporate-network dimension
    • In J. Haas (Ed.) New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum
    • Feinman, G. (2001). Mesoamerican political complexity: The corporate-network dimension. In J. Haas (Ed.), From Leaders to Rulers (pp. 151-175). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
    • (2001) From Leaders to Rulers , pp. 151-175
    • Feinman, G.1
  • 19
    • 0002439157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ground Plans of Archaic States
    • In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.) Santa Fe: School of American Research Press
    • Flannery, K. (1998). The Ground Plans of Archaic States. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 15-57). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
    • (1998) Archaic States , pp. 15-57
    • Flannery, K.1
  • 22
    • 0004104948 scopus 로고
    • London: Thames and Hudson
    • Garlake, P. (1973). Great Zimbabwe. London: Thames and Hudson.
    • (1973) Great Zimbabwe
    • Garlake, P.1
  • 23
    • 84976077787 scopus 로고
    • Pastoralism and Zimbabwe
    • Garlake, P. (1978). Pastoralism and Zimbabwe. The Journal of African History, 19(4), 479-493.
    • (1978) The Journal of African History , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 479-493
    • Garlake, P.1
  • 24
    • 0020367562 scopus 로고
    • Prehistory and Ideology in Zimbabwe
    • Past and Present in Zimbabwe (1982)
    • Garlake, P. (1982). Prehistory and Ideology in Zimbabwe. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 52(3), 1-19 Past and Present in Zimbabwe (1982).
    • (1982) Africa: Journal of the International African Institute , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-19
    • Garlake, P.1
  • 26
    • 0038622640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfare and the evolution of culture
    • In G. Feinman, & T. D. Price (Eds.) New York: Kluwer/Plenum
    • Haas, J. (2001). Warfare and the evolution of culture. In G. Feinman, & T. D. Price (Eds.), Archaeology at the millennium: A sourcebook (pp. 329-350). New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
    • (2001) Archaeology at the Millennium: A Sourcebook , pp. 329-350
    • Haas, J.1
  • 31
    • 0039475912 scopus 로고
    • Background to the Ghana Empire: Archaeological investigations on the transition to statehood in the Dhar Tichitt region (Mauritania)
    • Holl, A. F. C. (1985). Background to the Ghana Empire: Archaeological investigations on the transition to statehood in the Dhar Tichitt region (Mauritania). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 4, 73-115.
    • (1985) Journal of Anthropological Archaeology , vol.4 , pp. 73-115
    • Holl, A.F.C.1
  • 32
    • 56549087366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western Africa: The prehistoric sequence
    • In J. O. Vogel (Ed.) Walnut Creek: AltaMira
    • Holl, A. F. C. (1997). Western Africa: The prehistoric sequence. In J. O. Vogel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Precolonial Africa (pp. 305-312). Walnut Creek: AltaMira.
    • (1997) Encyclopedia of Precolonial Africa , pp. 305-312
    • Holl, A.F.C.1
  • 35
    • 84974065196 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of Zimbabwe
    • Huffman, T. (1972). The rise and fall of Zimbabwe. The Journal of African History, 13(3), 353-366.
    • (1972) The Journal of African History , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-366
    • Huffman, T.1
  • 36
    • 0020424110 scopus 로고
    • Archaeology and ethnohistory of the African Iron Age
    • Huffman, T. (1982). Archaeology and ethnohistory of the African Iron Age. Annual Review of Archaeology, 11, 133-150.
    • (1982) Annual Review of Archaeology , vol.11 , pp. 133-150
    • Huffman, T.1
  • 37
    • 0022824081 scopus 로고
    • Archaeological evidence and conventional explanations of Southern Bantu settlement
    • Huffman, T. (1986a). Archaeological evidence and conventional explanations of Southern Bantu settlement. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 56(3), 280-298.
    • (1986) Africa: Journal of the International African Institute , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 280-298
    • Huffman, T.1
  • 38
    • 0022858310 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive studies of the iron age in southern Africa
    • Perspectives in World Archaeology (June 1986)
    • Huffman, T. (1986b). Cognitive studies of the iron age in southern Africa. World Archaeology, 18(1), 84-95 Perspectives in World Archaeology (June 1986).
    • (1986) World Archaeology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-95
    • Huffman, T.1
  • 39
    • 0038919058 scopus 로고
    • Iron Age settlement patterns and the origins of class distinction in Southern Africa
    • Huffman, T. (1986c). Iron Age settlement patterns and the origins of class distinction in Southern Africa. Advances in World Archaeology, 5, 291-338.
    • (1986) Advances in World Archaeology , vol.5 , pp. 291-338
    • Huffman, T.1
  • 46
    • 56549127945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The collapse of coastal city-states of East Africa
    • In A. Ogundiran, & T. Falola (Eds.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Kusimba, C. (2007). The collapse of coastal city-states of East Africa. In A. Ogundiran, & T. Falola (Eds.), Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African Diaspora (pp. 160-184). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
    • (2007) Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African Diaspora , pp. 160-184
    • Kusimba, C.1
  • 47
    • 56549121939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade and polity in East Africa: Re-examining elite strategies for acquiring power
    • In J. Rawley (Ed.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Kusimba, C., & Oka, R. (2008). Trade and polity in East Africa: re-examining elite strategies for acquiring power. In J. Rawley (Ed.), Africa in India, Indian in Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
    • (2008) Africa in India, Indian in Africa
    • Kusimba, C.1    Oka, R.2
  • 48
    • 33947572400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosaics and Interactions: East Africa 2000 BP to the Present
    • In A. B. Stahl (Ed.) Oxford: Blackwell
    • Kusimba, C., & Kusimba, S. (2005). Mosaics and Interactions: East Africa 2000 BP to the Present. In A. B. Stahl (Ed.), African Archaeology: A critical introduction (pp. 394-419). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2005) African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction , pp. 394-419
    • Kusimba, C.1    Kusimba, S.2
  • 49
    • 56549123466 scopus 로고
    • Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press
    • Mabogunje, A. (1962). Yoruba Cities. Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press.
    • (1962) Yoruba Cities
    • Mabogunje, A.1
  • 52
    • 0001792748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Peaks and Valleys of Ancient States: An Extension of the Dynamic Model
    • In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.) Santa Fe: School of American Research Press
    • Marcus, J. (1998). The Peaks and Valleys of Ancient States: An Extension of the Dynamic Model. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 59-94). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
    • (1998) Archaic States , pp. 59-94
    • Marcus, J.1
  • 53
    • 0008945212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways to Complexity: An African Perspective
    • In McIntosh, S. K. (ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • McIntosh, S. K. (1999). Pathways to Complexity: An African Perspective. In McIntosh, S. K. (ed.) Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to complexity in Africa pp. 1-30. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1999) Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to Complexity in Africa , pp. 1-30
    • McIntosh, S.K.1
  • 58
    • 0003713003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inka Strategies of Incorporation and Governance
    • In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.) Santa Fe: School of American Research Press
    • Morris, C. (1998). Inka Strategies of Incorporation and Governance. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 293-309). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
    • (1998) Archaic States , pp. 293-309
    • Morris, C.1
  • 60
    • 33947272844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uppsala: Uppsala University Studies in African Archaeology 19, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History
    • Ndoro, W. (2001). Your Monument our Shrine: The preservation of Great Zimbabwe. Uppsala: Uppsala University Studies in African Archaeology 19, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History.
    • (2001) Your Monument Our Shrine: The Preservation of Great Zimbabwe
    • Ndoro, W.1
  • 63
    • 56549130354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The demise of Great Zimbabwe, AD 1420-1550: An environmental re-appraisal
    • In A. Green, & R. Leech (Eds.) The Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Monograph 3 (pp. 31-47). Leeds: Maney
    • Pikirayi, I. (2006a). The demise of Great Zimbabwe, AD 1420-1550: An environmental re-appraisal. In A. Green, & R. Leech (Eds.), Cities in the World, 1500-2000. The Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Monograph 3 (pp. 31-47). Leeds: Maney.
    • (2006) Cities in the World, 1500-2000
    • Pikirayi, I.1
  • 64
    • 56549118223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laser ablation ICP-MS of African glass trade beads
    • In R. J. Speakman, & H. Neff (Eds.) Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press
    • Popelka, R. S., et al. (2005). Laser ablation ICP-MS of African glass trade beads. In R. J. Speakman, & H. Neff (Eds.), Laser ablation ICP-MS in archaeological research (pp. 84-93). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
    • (2005) Laser Ablation ICP-MS in Archaeological Research , pp. 84-93
    • Popelka, R.S.1
  • 65
    • 27644536608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern Africa and the East Africa Coast
    • In A. B. Stahl (Ed.) Oxford: Blackwell
    • Pwiti, G. (2005). Southern Africa and the East Africa Coast. In A. B. Stahl (Ed.), African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction (pp. 378-391). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2005) African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction , pp. 378-391
    • Pwiti, G.1
  • 66
    • 0014854691 scopus 로고
    • Iron Age Skulls from Southern Africa Reassessed by Multiple Discriminant Analysis
    • Rightmire, G. P. (1970). Iron Age Skulls from Southern Africa Reassessed by Multiple Discriminant Analysis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 33, 147-167.
    • (1970) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.33 , pp. 147-167
    • Rightmire, G.P.1
  • 67
    • 56549125956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press
    • Robb, J. (1999). Material Symbols in Prehistory. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
    • (1999) Material Symbols in Prehistory
    • Robb, J.1
  • 68
    • 56549110765 scopus 로고
    • The Iron Age in Kapula Vlei, near Msuma Dam, Wankie Gane Reserve, Rhodesia
    • Robinson, K. (1966). The Iron Age in Kapula Vlei, near Msuma Dam, Wankie Gane Reserve, Rhodesia. Arnoldia, 2, 1-7.
    • (1966) Arnoldia , vol.2 , pp. 1-7
    • Robinson, K.1
  • 70
    • 27144549598 scopus 로고
    • Chibuene - An early trading site in Southern Mozambique. Festschrift for J. Kirkman
    • Sinclair, P. (1982). Chibuene - an early trading site in Southern Mozambique. Festschrift for J. Kirkman. Paideuma, 28, 149-164.
    • (1982) Paideuma , vol.28 , pp. 149-164
    • Sinclair, P.1
  • 72
    • 0010609861 scopus 로고
    • Urban Trajectories on the Zimbabwean Plateau
    • In T. Shaw, et al. (Ed.) London: Routledge
    • Sinclair, P. J. J., et al. (1993). Urban Trajectories on the Zimbabwean Plateau. In T. Shaw, et al. (Ed.), The Archaeology of Africa: Food, metals and towns (pp. 705-731). London: Routledge.
    • (1993) The Archaeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns , pp. 705-731
    • Sinclair, P.J.J.1
  • 73
    • 13444271684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Swahili city-state culture
    • In M. Hansen (Ed.) Copenhagen: Reizels Forlog
    • Sinclair, P., & Hakansson, T. (2000). The Swahili city-state culture. In M. Hansen (Ed.), Comparative study of thirty city-state cultures (pp. 461-482). Copenhagen: Reizels Forlog.
    • (2000) Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures , pp. 461-482
    • Sinclair, P.1    Hakansson, T.2
  • 74
    • 56549098695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and agropastoralist settlement in the Shashe-Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa
    • Smith, J., Lee-Thorp, J., & Hall, S. (2007). Climate change and agropastoralist settlement in the Shashe-Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 62(186), 115-125.
    • (2007) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.62 , Issue.186 , pp. 115-125
    • Smith, J.1    Lee-Thorp, J.2    Hall, S.3
  • 79
    • 0142222265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reassessment of the human skeletons from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa)
    • Steyn, M. (1997). A reassessment of the human skeletons from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa). South African Archaeological Bulletin, 51, 14-20.
    • (1997) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.51 , pp. 14-20
    • Steyn, M.1
  • 80
    • 0039112322 scopus 로고
    • The health status of the people of the Iron Age sites at K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa)
    • Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1995a). The health status of the people of the Iron Age sites at K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa). Revista di Antropologia, 73, 133-143.
    • (1995) Revista Di Antropologia , vol.73 , pp. 133-143
    • Steyn, M.1    Henneberg, M.2
  • 81
    • 0000693104 scopus 로고
    • Pre-Columbian presence of treponemal disease: A possible case from Iron Age southern Africa
    • Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1995b). Pre-Columbian presence of treponemal disease: A possible case from Iron Age southern Africa. Current Anthropology, 36(5), 869-873.
    • (1995) Current Anthropology , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 869-873
    • Steyn, M.1    Henneberg, M.2
  • 82
    • 0029970121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal growth of children from the Iron Age site at K2 (South Africa)
    • Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1996). Skeletal growth of children from the Iron Age site at K2 (South Africa). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 100(3), 389-396.
    • (1996) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-396
    • Steyn, M.1    Henneberg, M.2
  • 83
    • 0009628641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial growth in the prehistoric sample from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa) is population specific
    • Steyn, M., & Henneberg, M. (1997). Cranial growth in the prehistoric sample from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa) is population specific. Homo, 48(1), 62-71.
    • (1997) Homo , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-71
    • Steyn, M.1    Henneberg, M.2
  • 84
    • 56549096657 scopus 로고
    • Archaeological Distributions and a Tentative History of Tsetse Fly Infestation in Rhodesia and Adjacent Territories
    • Summers, R. (1967). Archaeological Distributions and a Tentative History of Tsetse Fly Infestation in Rhodesia and Adjacent Territories. Arnoldia, 3, 1-18.
    • (1967) Arnoldia , vol.3 , pp. 1-18
    • Summers, R.1
  • 86
    • 0027066688 scopus 로고
    • The climate of the last 2000 years in southern Africa
    • Tyson, P. D., & Lindesay, J. A. (1992). The climate of the last 2000 years in southern Africa. The Holocene, 2, 271-278.
    • (1992) The Holocene , vol.2 , pp. 271-278
    • Tyson, P.D.1    Lindesay, J.A.2
  • 88
    • 0036167346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing gradients of climate change in southern Africa during the past millennium: Implications for population movements
    • Tyson, P. D., Lee-Thorp, J., Holmgren, K., & Thackeray, J. F. (2002). Changing gradients of climate change in southern Africa during the past millennium: Implications for population movements. Climate Change, 52, 29-135.
    • (2002) Climate Change , vol.52 , pp. 29-135
    • Tyson, P.D.1    Lee-Thorp, J.2    Holmgren, K.3    Thackeray, J.F.4
  • 89
    • 1442281702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A View From the Periphery: Northern Yoruba Villages During the Old Oyo Empire, Nigeria
    • Usman, A. A. (2001). A View From the Periphery: Northern Yoruba Villages During the Old Oyo Empire, Nigeria. Journal of Field Archaeology, 27, 43-61.
    • (2001) Journal of Field Archaeology , vol.27 , pp. 43-61
    • Usman, A.A.1
  • 92
    • 0008154182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfare and Status Rivalry
    • In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.) Santa Fe: School of American Research Press
    • Webster, D. L. (1998). Warfare and Status Rivalry. In G. Feinman, & J. Marcus (Eds.), Archaic States (pp. 311-351). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
    • (1998) Archaic States , pp. 311-351
    • Webster, D.L.1
  • 94
    • 33444475981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making connections: Relationships between international trade and glass beads from the Shashe-Limpopo area
    • In M. Leslie, and T. Maggs (eds.) The South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series
    • Wood, M. (2000). Making connections: Relationships between international trade and glass beads from the Shashe-Limpopo area. In M. Leslie, and T. Maggs (eds.) Africa Naissance: The Limpopo Valley 1000 years ago. The South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series, 8, 78-90.
    • (2000) Africa Naissance: The Limpopo Valley 1000 Years Ago , vol.8 , pp. 78-90
    • Wood, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.