Hematologic and serum biochemical profile of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris): Variation with age, sex, and season

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 911-921

  Yochem, Pamela K ^a,b   Stewart, Brent S ^a   Mazet, Jonna A K ^b   Boyce, Walter M ^b  

^a HUBBS SEAWORLD RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Biochemistry; Elephant seal; Hematology; Mirounga angustirostris; Reference intervals; Serum chemistry

Indexed keywords

MAMMALIA; MIROUNGA; MIROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS; PINNIPEDIA;

EID: 56549107546     PISSN: 00903558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.911     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. AIELLO, S. E. (ed.). 1998. The Merck veterinary manual, 8th Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, 2306 pp.
2. ADAMS, N. H., AND B. I. OSBURN. 1972. Serum proteins in the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). American Journal of Veterinary Research 34: 1071-1072.
3. BORJESSON, D. L., M. M. CHRISTOPHER, AND W. M. BOYCE. 2000. Biochemical and hematologic reference intervals for free-ranging desert bighorn sheep. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36: 294-300.
4. BRYDEN, M. M., AND G. H. K. LIM. 1969. Blood parameters of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina, Linn.) in relation to diving. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 28: 139-148.
5. CASTELLINI, J. M., M. A. CASTELLINI, AND M. B. KRETZMANN. 1990. Circulatory water concentration in suckling and fasting northern elephant seal pups. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 160: 537-542.
6. CASTELLINI, J. M., H. J. MEISELMAN, AND M. A. CASTELLINI. 1996. Understanding and interpreting hematocrit measurements in pinnipeds. Marine Mammal Science 12: 251-264.
7. CASTELLINI, M. A., AND D. P. COSTA. 1990. Relationships between plasma ketones and fasting duration in neonatal elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology 259: R1086-R1089.
8. CASTELLINI, M. A., D. P. COSTA AND A. HUNTLEY. 1986. Hematocrit variation during sleep apnea in elephant seal pups. American Journal of Physiology 251 (2 Pt 2): R429-431.
9. COSTA, D. P., AND C. L. ORTIZ. 1982. Blood chemistry hemostasis during prolonged fasting in the northern elephant seal. American Journal of Physiology 242: R591-595.
10. DAHLSTROM, B. L., AND B. I. NESHEIM. 1994. Postpartum platelet count in maternal blood. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 73: 695-697.
11. DELONG, R. L., AND B. S. STEWART. 1991. Diving and foraging patterns of northern elephant seal bulls. Marine Mammal Science 7: 369-384.
12. DEUTSCH, C. J., M. P. HALEY, AND B. J. LE BOEUF. 1990. Reproductive effort in male northern elephant seals: Estimates from mass loss. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 2580-2593.
13. ENGELHARD, G. H., A. J. HALL, S. M. BRASSEUR, AND P. J. REIJNDERS . 2002. Blood chemistry in southern elephant seal mothers and pups during lactation reveals no effect of handling. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, Part A 133: 367-378.
14. FIELD, I. C., C. J. BRADSHAW, H. R. BURTON, AND M. A. HINDELL. 2005. Juvenile southern elephant seals exhibit seasonal differences in energetic requirements and use of lipids and protein stores. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 78: 491-504.
15. GERACI, J. R., AND F. R. ENGELHARDT. 1974. The effects of storage time, temperature, and anticoagulants on harp seal, Phoca groenlandica, hemograms: A simulated field study. Physiological Zoology 47: 22-28.
16. GERACI, J. R., AND T. G. SMITH. 1975. Functional hematology of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in the Canadian arctic. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 32: 2559-2564.
17. GERACI, J. R., D. J. ST. AUBIN, AND T. G. SMITH. 1979. Influence of age, condition, sampling time, and method in plasma chemical constituents in free-ranging ringed seals, Phoca hispida. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 36: 1278-1282.
18. GOLDSTEIN, T., S. P. JOHNSON, L. J. WERNER, S. NOLAN, AND B. A. HILLIARD. 1998. Causes of erroneous white blood cell counts in clinically healthy northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 29: 408-412.
19. GUILHERME, C., A. BIANCHINI, P. E. MARTINEZ, R. B. ROBALDO, AND E. P. GOLARES. 2004. Serum leptin concentration during the terrestrial phase of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. General and Comparative Endocrinology 139: 137-142.
20. GULLAND, F. M., L. WERNER, S. O. O'NEILL, L. J. LOWENSTINE, J. TRUPKIEWITZ, D. SMITH, B. ROYAL, AND I. STRUBEL. 1996. Baseline coagulation assay values for northern elephant seals, (Mirounga angustirostris), and disseminated intravascular coagulation in this species. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32: 536-540.
21. HEDRICK, M. S., AND D. DUFFIELD. 1991. Haematological and rheological characteristics of blood in seven marine mammal species: Physiological implications for diving behaviour. Journal of Zoology, London 225: 273-283.
22. KING, J. E. 1983. Seals of the world, 2nd Edition. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 240 pp.
23. KUIKEN, T. 1985. Influences of diet, gestation and age on haematology and plasma chemistry of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina. Aquatic Mammals 11: 40.
24. LANE, R. A. B., R. J. H. MORRIS, AND J. W. SHEEDY. 1972. A haematological study of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (Linn.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 42A: 841-850.
25. LARSEN, R. S., M. HAULENA, C. B. GRINDEM, AND F. M. D. GULLAND. 2002. Blood values of juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) obtained using a portable clinical analyzer. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 31: 106-110.
26. LEWIS, M., C. CAMPAGNA, M. UHART, AND C. L. ORTIZ. 2001. Ontogenetic and seasonal variation in blood parameters in southern elephant seals. Marine Mammal Science 17: 862-872.
27. MAZET, J. K., I. A. GARDNER, D. A. JESSUP, L. J. LOWENSTINE, AND W. M. BOYCE. 2000. Evaluation of changes in hematologic and clinical biochemical values after exposure to petroleum products in mink ( Mustela vison) as a model for assessment of sea otters (Enhyrda lutris). American Journal of Veterinary Research 61: 1197-1203.
28. MCCANN, T. S., M. A. FEDAK, AND J. HARWOOD. 1989. Parental investment in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 25: 81-87.
29. MCMAHON, C., J. VAN DEN HOFF, AND H. BURTON. 2005. Handling intensity and the short- and long-term survival of elephant seals: Addressing and quantifying research effects on wild animals. Ambio 34: 426-429.
30. MEDWAY, W., AND J. R. GERACI. 1986. Clinical pathology of marine mammals. In Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 2nd Edition, M. E. Fowler (ed.). W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 791-797.
31. MORGAN, L., S. KUMARESAN, C. THOMAS, AND P. MACWILLIAMS. 1998. Hematology and chemistry reference values for free-ranging harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and the effects of hemolysis on chemistry values of captive harbor seals. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 29: 394-400.
32. NELSON, R. A., H. Z. WAHNER, J. D. JONES, R. D. ELLEFSON, AND P. E. ZOLLMAN. 1973. Metabolism of bears before, during, and after winter sleep. American Journal of Physiology 224: 491-496.
33. NORDAY, E. S., AND S. I. THORESEN. 2002. Reference values for serum biochemical parameters in free-ranging harp seals. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 31: 98-105.
34. ORTIZ, R. M., C. E. WADE, AND C. L. ORTIZ. 2000. Prolonged fasting increases the response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but not vasopressin levels, in postweaned northern elephant seal pups. General and Comparative Endocrinology 119: 217-223.
35. ORTIZ, R. M., C. E. WADE, AND C. L. ORTIZ. 2003. Body water handling in response to hypertonic-saline induced diuresis in fasting northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 134: 423-428.
36. REA, L. D., M. A. CASTELLINI, B. S. FADLEY, AND T. R. LOUGHLIN. 1998. Health status of young Alaska sea lion pups (Eumetopias jubatus) as indicated by blood chemistry and hematology. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 120: 617-623.
37. REIDARSON, T. H., D. DUFFIELD, AND J. MCBAIN. 2000. Normal hematology of marine mammals. In Schalm's veterinary hematology, 5th Edition, B. F. Feldman, J. G. Zinkl and N. C. Jain (eds.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 1164-1173.
38. RIDGWAY, S. H. 1972. Homeostasis in the aquatic environment. In Mammals of the sea. Biology and medicine, S. H. Ridgway (ed.). Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, pp. 590-747.
39. RIEGELMAN, R. 1979. The importance of significance and the significance of importance. Postgraduate Medicine 66: 119-124.
40. ROLETTO, J. 1993. Hematology and serum chemistry values for clinically healthy and sick pinnipeds. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24: 145-157.
41. RONALD, K., AND J. KAY. 1982. Haematology and plasma chemistry of captive Baikal seals Pusa sibrica. Aquatic Mammals 9: 83-94.
42. RONALD, K., M. E. FOSTER, AND E. JOHNSON. 1969. The harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus, II. Physical blood properties. Canadian Journal of Zoology 47: 461-468.
43. RYDIG, F. N. 1982. Ketamine immobilization of southern elephant seals by a remote method. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 57: 21-26.
44. SASSE, E. A., K. J. AZIZ, E. K. HARRIS, S. KRISHNAMURTHY, H. T. LEE, JR., A. RULAND, AND B. SEAMONDS. 1995. How to define and determine reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) Document C28-A. NCCLS 771 East Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085.
45. SEAL, U. S., A. W. ERICKSON, D. B. SINIFF, AND D. R. CLINE. 1971. Blood chemistry and protein polymorphisms in three species of Antarctic seals (Lobodon carcinophagus, Leptonychotes weddelli, and Mirounga leonina). In Antarctic pinnipedia. Antarctic Research Series, Volume 18, W. H. Burt (ed.). The Horn-Shafer Co., G. W. King Printing Co., Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 181-192.
46. SHEEHAN, T. J. 1980. The medical literature. Let the reader beware. Archives of Internal Medicine 140: 472-474.
47. SIMPSON, J. C., W. G. GILMARTIN, AND S. H. RIDGWAY. 1970. Blood volume and other hematologic values in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). American Journal of Veterinary Research 31: 1449-1452.
48. SOLBERG, H. E. 2001. Establishment and use of reference values. In Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry, 5th Edition, C. A. Burtis and E. R. Ashwood (eds.). W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 251-261.
49. ST AUBIN, D. J., T. P. AUSTIN, AND J. R. GERACI. 1979. Effects of handling stress on plasma enzymes in harp seals, Phoca groenlandica. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 15: 569-572.
50. STEWART, B. S. AND H. R. HUBER. 1993. Mirounga angustirostris. Mammalian Species 449: 1-10.
51. STEWART, B. S. AND R. L. DELONG. 1994. Postbreeding foraging migrations of northern elephant seals. In Elephant seals: Population ecology, behavior and physiology, B. J. Le Boeuf and R. M. Laws (eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 290-309.
52. STEWART, B. S. AND R. L. DELONG. 1995. Double migrations of the northern elephant seal. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 196-205.
53. STOCKHAM, S. L., AND M. A. SCOTT. 2002. Fundamentals of veterinary clinical pathology. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 610 pp.
54. WICKHAM, J. J., D. P. COSTA, AND D. R. ELSNER. 1990. Blood rheology of captive and free-ranging northern elephant seals and sea otters. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 375-380.
55. WORTHY, G. A. J., P. A. MORRIS, D. P. COSTA, AND B. J. LE BOEUF. 1992. Moult energetics of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Zoology, London 227: 257-265.
56. YOCHEM, P. K., AND B. S. STEWART. 2002. Hair and fur. In Encyclopedia of marine mammals, W. F. Perrin, B. Wursig, and J. G. M. Thewissen (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 548-549.