Rabies deaths in Pakistan: Results of ineffective post-exposure treatment

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 346-352

  Parviz, Shehzad ^a,d   Chotani, Rashid ^b,c   McCormick, Joseph ^a   Fisher Hoch, Sue ^a   Luby, Stephen ^a  

^a AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Riverside Addition   (United States)

Author keywords

Cold chain; Developing country; Incidence; Pakistan; Rabies; Sheep brain vaccine; Vaccine efficacy

Indexed keywords

RABIES IMMUNOGLOBULIN; RABIES VACCINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN TISSUE; CELL CULTURE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG POTENCY; ENERGY RESOURCE; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; MORTALITY; PAKISTAN; PUBLIC HOSPITAL; RABIES; TREATMENT FAILURE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMALS; BITES AND STINGS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION; INCIDENCE; PAKISTAN; RABIES; RABIES VACCINES; REFRIGERATION;

EID: 5644300610     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2004.02.008     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. K. Bogel, and E. Motschwiller Incidence of rabies and post-exposure treatment in developing countries Bull World Health Organ. 64 1986 883 887
2. H. Wilde Rabies Int J Infect Dis 1 1996 135 142
3. WHO expert committee on rabies. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1992; Report No. 824.
4. D.B. Fishbein, and L.E. Robinson Rabies N Engl J Med 25 1993 1632 1638
5. S.C. Arya Acquisition of spongiform encephalopathies in India through sheep-brain rabies vaccination Indian J Pediatr. 58 1991 563 565
6. H.A. Ahasan, M.A. Chowdhury, M.A. Azhar, and A.K. Rafiqueuddin Neuroparalytic complications after anti-rabies vaccine (inactivated nervous tissue vaccine) Trop Doct. 25 1995 94
7. W. Swaddiwuthipong, B.G. Weniger, S. Wattanasri, and M.J. Warrell A high rate of neurological complications following Semple anti-rabies vaccine Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 82 1988 472 475
8. T. Hemachudha, D.E. Griffin, J.J. Giffels, R.T. Johnson, A.B. Moser, and P. Phanuphak Myelin basic protein as an encephalitogen in encephalomyelitis and polyneuritis following rabies vaccination N Engl J Med. 316 1987 369 374
9. T. Hemachudha Rabies RR. McKendall Handbook of Clinical Neurology 1989 Elsevier Amsterdam 383 404
10. S. Parviz, S. Luby, and H. Wilde Postexposure treatment of rabies in Pakistan Clin Infect Dis. 27 1998 751 756
11. Government of Pakistan. Statistic Division, http://www.statpak.gov.pk/.
12. A.H. Pollard, F. Yusuf, and G.N. Pollard Demographic Techniques 3rd edition 1990 Pergamon Press Sydney p. 118
13. F.X. Meslin M.M. Kaplan H. Koprowski Laboratory techniques in rabies 1996 World Health Organization Geneva
14. M.A.W. Hattwick Human rabies Public Health Rev. 3 1974 229 274
15. N. Veeraaraghavan, and T.P. Subarahmanyan The value of 5% semple vaccine prepared in distilled water in human treatment: comparative mortality among the treated and untreated Indian J Med Res. 46 1958 518 524
16. M. Baltazard, and M. Ghodsii Prevention of human rabies; treatment of persons bitten by rabid wolves in Iran Bull World Health Organ. 10 1954 797 802
17. M.I. Burney, Z.H. Khan, and F.Z. Lari The rabies problem in Pakistan Trop Doct. 6 1976 60 62
18. S. Vibulbandhitkii Work Report. Data from rabies patients at Bamranradura Hospital between 1971 and 1977 P. Thongcharoen Rabies 1980 Aksarasamai Bangkok 235 251
19. K.K. Tripathi, S.N. Madhusudana, and A. Sahu Reduction in the dosage of BPL-inactivated neural tissue vaccine for rabies prophylaxis in man Indian J Med Res. 91 1990 334 339
20. M.J. Warrell, K.G. Nicholson, D.A. Warrell, P. Suntharasamai, P. Chanthavanich, and C. Viravan Economical multiple-site intradermal immunisation with human diploid-cell-strain vaccine is effective for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis Lancet. 1 1985 1059 1062
21. P. Khawplod, H. Wilde, W. Yenmuang, M. Benjavongkulchai, and P. Chomchey Immune response to tissue culture vaccine in subjects who had previous postexposure treatment with Semple or suckling mouse brain vaccine Vaccine 14 1996 1549 1552
22. T.J. John An ethical dilemma in rabies immunisation Vaccine 15 1997 S12 S15
23. W. Haupt Rabies - risk of exposure and current trends in prevention of human cases Vaccine. 17 1999 1742 1749
24. P. Phanuphak, P. Khawplod, S. Sirivichayakul, W. Siriprasomsub, S. Ubol, and M. Thaweepathomwat Humoral and cell-mediated responses to various economical regimens of purified Vero cell vaccine Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 5 1987 33 37
25. F.T. Lin The protective effect of the large-scale use of PHKC rabies vaccine in humans in China Bull World Health Organ 68 1990 449 454
26. L. Fangtao, C. Shubeng, W. Yinzhon, S. Chenzhe, Z. Fanzhen, and W. Guanfu Use of serum and vaccine in combination for prophylaxis following exposure to rabies Rev Infect Dis. 10 1988 S766 S770
27. Strategies for the control and elimination of rabies in Asia. Report of a WHO Interregional Consultation. Geneva: Switzerland; 17-21 July 2001. Report No. WHO/CDS/CSR/EPH/2002.8.
28. S.N. Madhusudana, N.P. Anand, and R. Shamsundar Evaluation of two intradermal vaccination regimens using purified chick embryo cell vaccine for post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies Natl Med J India. 14 2001 145 147
29. S.N. Madhusudana, N.P. Anand, and R. Shamsundar Economical multi-site intradermal regimen with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (Rabipur) prevents rabies in people bitten by confirmed rabid animals Int J Infect Dis. 6 2002 210 214
30. M.I. Burney Transferring Manufacturing Technology. Producing essential vaccines in Pakistan Int J Technol Assess Health Care 9 1993 397 406
31. T. Waheed-uz-Zaman, and I.A. Malik Rabies. Myths and Facts. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 1995 Al Tirmizi Publications Rawalpindi, Pakistan
32. S.B. Halstead Tissue culture-based rabies vaccines: vaccine production technology transfer Rev Infect Dis. 10 1988 S764 S765
33. A.B. Ogunkoya, and F. Macconi Emergence of antirabies vaccine of unknown origin for human treatment in Nigeria Vaccine 4 1986 77 78
34. R.T. Chen, and B. Hibbs Vaccine safety: Current and future challenges Pediatric Annals. 27 1998 445 455
35. A. Galazka, J. Milstein, and M. Zaffran Thermostability of vaccines 1998 WHO Geneva: Switzerland Report No. WHO/GPV/98.07
36. K.G. Nicholson, M.I. Burney, S. Ali, and F.T. Perkins Stability of human diploid-cell-strain rabies vaccine at high ambient temperatures Lancet 1 1983 916 918
37. R. Barth, U. Bijok, H. Grushkau, J. Smerdel, and J. Vodopija Purified chicken embryo cell rabies vaccine for human use Lancet. 1 1983 700
38. M. Bahmanyar, A. Fayaz, S. Nour-Salehi, M. Mohammadi, and H. Koprowski Successful protection of humans exposed to rabies infection. Postexposure treatment with the new human diploid cell rabies vaccine and antirabies serum JAMA 236 1976 2751 2754
39. H. Wilde, P. Thipkong, V. Sitprija, and N. Chaiyabutr Heterologous antisera and antivenins are essential biologicals: perspectives on a worldwide crisis Ann Intern Med. 125 1996 233 236
40. A. Chantanakajornfung, N. Naraporn, W. Khumphai, M. Bejavongkulchai, C. Mitmoonpitak, and H. Wilde A study of human rabies immune globulin manufactured by the Thai Red Cross Vaccine 17 1999 979 981
41. H. Wilde, and S. Chutivongse Equine rabies immune globulin: A product with an undeserved poor reputation Am J Trop Med Hyg 42 1990 175 178
42. M.J. Warrell, and D.A. Warrell Rabies and Related Viruses G.T. Strickland Hunters Tropical Medicine and Emerging infectious Disease 8th edition 2000 W.B. Saunders Philadelphia 257 263
43. D.B. Fishbein, N.J. Miranda, P. Merrill, R.A. Camba, M. Meltzer, and E.T. Carlos Rabies control in the Republic of the Philippines: benefits and costs of elimination Vaccine 9 1991 581 587
44. F.X. Meslin, D.B. Fishbein, and H.C. Matter Rationale and prospects for rabies elimination in developing countries Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 187 1994 1 26
45. Y.S. Tan Rabies in Malaysia Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 19 1988 535 536