John Locke, Carolina, and the Two Treatises of Government

Political Theory

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 602-627

  Armitage, David ^a,b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Colonialism; Liberalism; Locke; Property

Indexed keywords

EID: 5644279188     PISSN: 00905917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0090591704267122     Document Type: Review

References (170)

1. Both "liberalism" and "colonialism" are, of course, anachronistic and imprecise terms to apply to any period before the nineteenth century (if then); however, they provide a convenient conceptual shorthand and have the virtue of familiarity as terms of art.
2. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
3. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
4. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
5. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
6. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
7. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
8. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
9. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
10. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
11. See especially Bhikhu Parekh, "Superior People: The Narrowness of Liberalism from Mill to Rawls," Times Literary Supplement (February 25, 1994): 11-13; Parekh, "Decolonizing Liberalism," in The End of "Isms"? Reflections on the Fate of Ideological Politics after Communism's Collapse, ed. Aleksandras Shtromas (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 85-103; Parekh, "Liberalism and Colonialism: A Critique of Locke and Mill," in The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (London: Zed Books, 1995), 81-98; James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Man To Leung, "Extending Liberalism to Non-European Peoples: A Comparison of John Locke and James Mill" (DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1998); Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Duncan Ivison, Postcolonial Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Anthony Pagden, "Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europe's Imperial Legacy," Political Theory 31 (2003): 171-99; Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003); Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming).
12. Richard Tuck, "Rights and Pluralism," in Philosophy in an Age of Pluralism: The Philosophy of Charles Taylor in Question, ed. James Tully (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 163; compare Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 14-15, 232-34.
13. Richard Tuck, "Rights and Pluralism," in Philosophy in an Age of Pluralism: The Philosophy of Charles Taylor in Question, ed. James Tully (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 163; compare Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 14-15, 232-34.
14. See, for example, Hugo Grotius, The Free Sea, trans. Richard Hakluyt, ed. David Armitage (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004); Noel Malcolm, "Hobbes, Sandys, and the Virginia Company," in Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford: Clarendon, 2002), 53-79; Alexis de Tocqueville, Writings on Empire and Slavery, trans. and ed. Jennifer Pitts (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001); J. S. Mill, Writings on India, ed. John M. Robson, Martin Moir, and Zawahir Moir (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000).
15. See, for example, Hugo Grotius, The Free Sea, trans. Richard Hakluyt, ed. David Armitage (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004); Noel Malcolm, "Hobbes, Sandys, and the Virginia Company," in Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford: Clarendon, 2002), 53-79; Alexis de Tocqueville, Writings on Empire and Slavery, trans. and ed. Jennifer Pitts (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001); J. S. Mill, Writings on India, ed. John M. Robson, Martin Moir, and Zawahir Moir (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000).
16. See, for example, Hugo Grotius, The Free Sea, trans. Richard Hakluyt, ed. David Armitage (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004); Noel Malcolm, "Hobbes, Sandys, and the Virginia Company," in Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford: Clarendon, 2002), 53-79; Alexis de Tocqueville, Writings on Empire and Slavery, trans. and ed. Jennifer Pitts (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001); J. S. Mill, Writings on India, ed. John M. Robson, Martin Moir, and Zawahir Moir (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000).
17. See, for example, Hugo Grotius, The Free Sea, trans. Richard Hakluyt, ed. David Armitage (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004); Noel Malcolm, "Hobbes, Sandys, and the Virginia Company," in Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford: Clarendon, 2002), 53-79; Alexis de Tocqueville, Writings on Empire and Slavery, trans. and ed. Jennifer Pitts (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001); J. S. Mill, Writings on India, ed. John M. Robson, Martin Moir, and Zawahir Moir (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000).
18. MSS Locke c. 30, Bodleian Library, Oxford; PRO 30/24/47, 30/24/48, Public Record Office, National Archives, Kew; The Shaftesbury Papers, V, ed. Langdon Cheves, introd. Robert M. Weir (Charleston, SC: Tempus, 2000); Louise Fargo Brown, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (New York: D. Appleton, Century, 1933), chaps. IX-X; K.H.D. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968), chap. XII.
19. MSS Locke c. 30, Bodleian Library, Oxford; PRO 30/24/47, 30/24/48, Public Record Office, National Archives, Kew; The Shaftesbury Papers, V, ed. Langdon Cheves, introd. Robert M. Weir (Charleston, SC: Tempus, 2000); Louise Fargo Brown, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (New York: D. Appleton, Century, 1933), chaps. IX-X; K.H.D. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968), chap. XII.
20. MSS Locke c. 30, Bodleian Library, Oxford; PRO 30/24/47, 30/24/48, Public Record Office, National Archives, Kew; The Shaftesbury Papers, V, ed. Langdon Cheves, introd. Robert M. Weir (Charleston, SC: Tempus, 2000); Louise Fargo Brown, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (New York: D. Appleton, Century, 1933), chaps. IX-X; K.H.D. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968), chap. XII.
21. MSS Locke c. 30, Bodleian Library, Oxford; PRO 30/24/47, 30/24/48, Public Record Office, National Archives, Kew; The Shaftesbury Papers, V, ed. Langdon Cheves, introd. Robert M. Weir (Charleston, SC: Tempus, 2000); Louise Fargo Brown, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (New York: D. Appleton, Century, 1933), chaps. IX-X; K.H.D. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968), chap. XII.
22. Journals of the Council for [Trade and] Foreign Plantations, 1670-1674, Phillipps MS 8539, pt. 1, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; Ralph Paul Bieber, "The British Plantation Councils of 1670-4," English Historical Review 40 (1925): 93-106.
23. Journals of the Council for [Trade and] Foreign Plantations, 1670-1674, Phillipps MS 8539, pt. 1, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; Ralph Paul Bieber, "The British Plantation Councils of 1670-4," English Historical Review 40 (1925): 93-106.
24. Minute-books of Board of Trade and Plantations, 1696-1701, National Archives, CO 39/ 9, 391/10, 391/11, 391/12, 391/13; Maurice Cranston, John Locke: A Biography (London: Longmans, 1957), chap. 25; Michael Kammen, "Virginia at the Close of the Seventeenth Century: An Appraisal by James Blair and John Locke," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 74 (1966): 141-69; Peter Laslett, "John Locke, the Great Recoinage and the Board of Trade, 1695-1698," in John Locke: Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 137-65; Richard Ashcraft, "Political Theory and Political Reform: John Locke's Essay on Virginia," Western Political Quarterly 22 (1969): 742-58; J. Turner, "John Locke and Colonial America: The Cases of Virginia and New York, 1696-1700" (MPhil thesis, Cambridge University, 2001).
25. Minute-books of Board of Trade and Plantations, 1696-1701, National Archives, CO 39/ 9, 391/10, 391/11, 391/12, 391/13; Maurice Cranston, John Locke: A Biography (London: Longmans, 1957), chap. 25; Michael Kammen, "Virginia at the Close of the Seventeenth Century: An Appraisal by James Blair and John Locke," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 74 (1966): 141-69; Peter Laslett, "John Locke, the Great Recoinage and the Board of Trade, 1695-1698," in John Locke: Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 137-65; Richard Ashcraft, "Political Theory and Political Reform: John Locke's Essay on Virginia," Western Political Quarterly 22 (1969): 742-58; J. Turner, "John Locke and Colonial America: The Cases of Virginia and New York, 1696-1700" (MPhil thesis, Cambridge University, 2001).
26. Minute-books of Board of Trade and Plantations, 1696-1701, National Archives, CO 39/ 9, 391/10, 391/11, 391/12, 391/13; Maurice Cranston, John Locke: A Biography (London: Longmans, 1957), chap. 25; Michael Kammen, "Virginia at the Close of the Seventeenth Century: An Appraisal by James Blair and John Locke," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 74 (1966): 141-69; Peter Laslett, "John Locke, the Great Recoinage and the Board of Trade, 1695-1698," in John Locke: Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 137-65; Richard Ashcraft, "Political Theory and Political Reform: John Locke's Essay on Virginia," Western Political Quarterly 22 (1969): 742-58; J. Turner, "John Locke and Colonial America: The Cases of Virginia and New York, 1696-1700" (MPhil thesis, Cambridge University, 2001).
27. Minute-books of Board of Trade and Plantations, 1696-1701, National Archives, CO 39/ 9, 391/10, 391/11, 391/12, 391/13; Maurice Cranston, John Locke: A Biography (London: Longmans, 1957), chap. 25; Michael Kammen, "Virginia at the Close of the Seventeenth Century: An Appraisal by James Blair and John Locke," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 74 (1966): 141-69; Peter Laslett, "John Locke, the Great Recoinage and the Board of Trade, 1695-1698," in John Locke: Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 137-65; Richard Ashcraft, "Political Theory and Political Reform: John Locke's Essay on Virginia," Western Political Quarterly 22 (1969): 742-58; J. Turner, "John Locke and Colonial America: The Cases of Virginia and New York, 1696-1700" (MPhil thesis, Cambridge University, 2001).
28. Minute-books of Board of Trade and Plantations, 1696-1701, National Archives, CO 39/ 9, 391/10, 391/11, 391/12, 391/13; Maurice Cranston, John Locke: A Biography (London: Longmans, 1957), chap. 25; Michael Kammen, "Virginia at the Close of the Seventeenth Century: An Appraisal by James Blair and John Locke," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 74 (1966): 141-69; Peter Laslett, "John Locke, the Great Recoinage and the Board of Trade, 1695-1698," in John Locke: Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 137-65; Richard Ashcraft, "Political Theory and Political Reform: John Locke's Essay on Virginia," Western Political Quarterly 22 (1969): 742-58; J. Turner, "John Locke and Colonial America: The Cases of Virginia and New York, 1696-1700" (MPhil thesis, Cambridge University, 2001).
29. Minute-books of Board of Trade and Plantations, 1696-1701, National Archives, CO 39/ 9, 391/10, 391/11, 391/12, 391/13; Maurice Cranston, John Locke: A Biography (London: Longmans, 1957), chap. 25; Michael Kammen, "Virginia at the Close of the Seventeenth Century: An Appraisal by James Blair and John Locke," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 74 (1966): 141-69; Peter Laslett, "John Locke, the Great Recoinage and the Board of Trade, 1695-1698," in John Locke: Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 137-65; Richard Ashcraft, "Political Theory and Political Reform: John Locke's Essay on Virginia," Western Political Quarterly 22 (1969): 742-58; J. Turner, "John Locke and Colonial America: The Cases of Virginia and New York, 1696-1700" (MPhil thesis, Cambridge University, 2001).
30. Mehta, Liberalism and Empire, 4.
31. See especially Herman Lebovics, "The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise on Government," Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 567-82; Francisco Castilla Urbino, "El Indio Americano en la Filosofia Politica de John Locke," Revista de Indias 46 (1986): 421-51; James Tully, "Rediscovering America: The Two Treatises and Aboriginal Rights," in Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 137-76; Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996); Anthony Pagden, "The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700," in The Oxford History of the British Empire, I: The Origins of Empire, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 42-47; Mark A. Michael, "Locke's Second Treatise and the Literature of Colonization," Interpretation 25 (1998): 407-27; Duncan Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," in The Philosophy of John Locke: New Perspectives, ed. Peter R. Anstey (London: Routledge, 2003), 86-105.
32. See especially Herman Lebovics, "The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise on Government," Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 567-82; Francisco Castilla Urbino, "El Indio Americano en la Filosofia Politica de John Locke," Revista de Indias 46 (1986): 421-51; James Tully, "Rediscovering America: The Two Treatises and Aboriginal Rights," in Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 137-76; Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996); Anthony Pagden, "The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700," in The Oxford History of the British Empire, I: The Origins of Empire, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 42-47; Mark A. Michael, "Locke's Second Treatise and the Literature of Colonization," Interpretation 25 (1998): 407-27; Duncan Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," in The Philosophy of John Locke: New Perspectives, ed. Peter R. Anstey (London: Routledge, 2003), 86-105.
33. See especially Herman Lebovics, "The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise on Government," Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 567-82; Francisco Castilla Urbino, "El Indio Americano en la Filosofia Politica de John Locke," Revista de Indias 46 (1986): 421-51; James Tully, "Rediscovering America: The Two Treatises and Aboriginal Rights," in Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 137-76; Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996); Anthony Pagden, "The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700," in The Oxford History of the British Empire, I: The Origins of Empire, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 42-47; Mark A. Michael, "Locke's Second Treatise and the Literature of Colonization," Interpretation 25 (1998): 407-27; Duncan Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," in The Philosophy of John Locke: New Perspectives, ed. Peter R. Anstey (London: Routledge, 2003), 86-105.
34. See especially Herman Lebovics, "The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise on Government," Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 567-82; Francisco Castilla Urbino, "El Indio Americano en la Filosofia Politica de John Locke," Revista de Indias 46 (1986): 421-51; James Tully, "Rediscovering America: The Two Treatises and Aboriginal Rights," in Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 137-76; Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996); Anthony Pagden, "The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700," in The Oxford History of the British Empire, I: The Origins of Empire, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 42-47; Mark A. Michael, "Locke's Second Treatise and the Literature of Colonization," Interpretation 25 (1998): 407-27; Duncan Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," in The Philosophy of John Locke: New Perspectives, ed. Peter R. Anstey (London: Routledge, 2003), 86-105.
35. See especially Herman Lebovics, "The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise on Government," Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 567-82; Francisco Castilla Urbino, "El Indio Americano en la Filosofia Politica de John Locke," Revista de Indias 46 (1986): 421-51; James Tully, "Rediscovering America: The Two Treatises and Aboriginal Rights," in Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 137-76; Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996); Anthony Pagden, "The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700," in The Oxford History of the British Empire, I: The Origins of Empire, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 42-47; Mark A. Michael, "Locke's Second Treatise and the Literature of Colonization," Interpretation 25 (1998): 407-27; Duncan Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," in The Philosophy of John Locke: New Perspectives, ed. Peter R. Anstey (London: Routledge, 2003), 86-105.
36. See especially Herman Lebovics, "The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise on Government," Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 567-82; Francisco Castilla Urbino, "El Indio Americano en la Filosofia Politica de John Locke," Revista de Indias 46 (1986): 421-51; James Tully, "Rediscovering America: The Two Treatises and Aboriginal Rights," in Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 137-76; Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996); Anthony Pagden, "The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700," in The Oxford History of the British Empire, I: The Origins of Empire, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 42-47; Mark A. Michael, "Locke's Second Treatise and the Literature of Colonization," Interpretation 25 (1998): 407-27; Duncan Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," in The Philosophy of John Locke: New Perspectives, ed. Peter R. Anstey (London: Routledge, 2003), 86-105.
37. See especially Herman Lebovics, "The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise on Government," Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 567-82; Francisco Castilla Urbino, "El Indio Americano en la Filosofia Politica de John Locke," Revista de Indias 46 (1986): 421-51; James Tully, "Rediscovering America: The Two Treatises and Aboriginal Rights," in Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 137-76; Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defence of English Colonialism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996); Anthony Pagden, "The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700," in The Oxford History of the British Empire, I: The Origins of Empire, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 42-47; Mark A. Michael, "Locke's Second Treatise and the Literature of Colonization," Interpretation 25 (1998): 407-27; Duncan Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," in The Philosophy of John Locke: New Perspectives, ed. Peter R. Anstey (London: Routledge, 2003), 86-105.
38. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett, rev. ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). All references are to this edition by Treatise and paragraph number.
39. Stephen Buckle, "Tully, Locke and America," British Journal for the History of Philosophy 9 (2001): 274.
40. Ivison, "Locke, Liberalism and Empire," ed. Anstey, 87.
41. Tully, "Rediscovering America," 165, 166.
42. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace, 177-78.
43. John Locke, "Pensilvania laws," "The frame of the Government of Pensylvania," Bod. MS Locke f. 9, fols. 33-37, 38-41, Locke's journal 1686-88, between entries for November 8 and 22, 1686;
44. Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics and Locke's Two Treatises of Government (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986), 518-20.
45. Locke, Two Treatises, ed. Laslett, 65, 123-26.
46. John Locke, Political Writings, ed. David Wootton (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1989), 49-89; John Marshall, John Locke: Resistance, Religion and Responsibility (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 222-24, n. 25, 234-58; J. R. Milton, "Dating Locke's Second Treatise" History of Political Thought 16 (1995): 356-90.
47. John Locke, Political Writings, ed. David Wootton (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1989), 49-89; John Marshall, John Locke: Resistance, Religion and Responsibility (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 222-24, n. 25, 234-58; J. R. Milton, "Dating Locke's Second Treatise" History of Political Thought 16 (1995): 356-90.
48. John Locke, Political Writings, ed. David Wootton (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1989), 49-89; John Marshall, John Locke: Resistance, Religion and Responsibility (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 222-24, n. 25, 234-58; J. R. Milton, "Dating Locke's Second Treatise" History of Political Thought 16 (1995): 356-90.
49. Milton, "Dating Locke's Second Treatise," 389.
50. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace, 168. This terminus a quo of 1681 would also fit with Locke's citation of Robert Knox's "late Relation of Ceylon" (Second Treatise, § 92), which he bought on August 29, 1681: Locke, Two Treatises, 55, 327, n. 12.
51. Milton, "Dating Locke's Second Treatise" 372-74.
52. Pramod Kumar Mishra, "'[A]ll the World was America': The Transatlantic (Post)Coloniality of John Locke, William Bartram, and the Declaration of Independence," CR: The New Centennial Review 2 (2002): 219-37.
53. Most recently in Frederick E. Kidder, "The Fundamental Constitutions in the Light of John Locke's Political Theory," Atenea (Mayaguez, P.R.) 2 (1965): 47-60; Celia McGuinness, "The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina as a Tool for Lockean Scholarship," Interpretation 17 (1989): 127-43; Terrell L. Hallmark, "John Locke and the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" (PhD thesis, Claremont Graduate University, 1998); Vicki Hsueh, "Giving Orders: Theory and Practice in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" Journal of the History of Ideas 63 (2002): 425-46.
54. Most recently in Frederick E. Kidder, "The Fundamental Constitutions in the Light of John Locke's Political Theory," Atenea (Mayaguez, P.R.) 2 (1965): 47-60; Celia McGuinness, "The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina as a Tool for Lockean Scholarship," Interpretation 17 (1989): 127-43; Terrell L. Hallmark, "John Locke and the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" (PhD thesis, Claremont Graduate University, 1998); Vicki Hsueh, "Giving Orders: Theory and Practice in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" Journal of the History of Ideas 63 (2002): 425-46.
55. Most recently in Frederick E. Kidder, "The Fundamental Constitutions in the Light of John Locke's Political Theory," Atenea (Mayaguez, P.R.) 2 (1965): 47-60; Celia McGuinness, "The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina as a Tool for Lockean Scholarship," Interpretation 17 (1989): 127-43; Terrell L. Hallmark, "John Locke and the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" (PhD thesis, Claremont Graduate University, 1998); Vicki Hsueh, "Giving Orders: Theory and Practice in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" Journal of the History of Ideas 63 (2002): 425-46.
56. Most recently in Frederick E. Kidder, "The Fundamental Constitutions in the Light of John Locke's Political Theory," Atenea (Mayaguez, P.R.) 2 (1965): 47-60; Celia McGuinness, "The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina as a Tool for Lockean Scholarship," Interpretation 17 (1989): 127-43; Terrell L. Hallmark, "John Locke and the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" (PhD thesis, Claremont Graduate University, 1998); Vicki Hsueh, "Giving Orders: Theory and Practice in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" Journal of the History of Ideas 63 (2002): 425-46.
57. "Jetez les yeux sur l'autre hémisphère, voyez le Caroline, dont le sage Locke fut le législateur," in Voltaire, Traité de la tolérance (1763), ed. John Renwick (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2000), 152.
58. Pierre Desmaizeaux, ed., A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, (London: J. Bettenham, 1720), sigs. A3r-A4v; [Arthur Lee,] An Essay in Vindication of the Continental Colonies of America (London: Arthur Lee, 1764), 28; [Georges Marie Butel-Dumont,] Histoire et commerce des colonies angloises (London: n.p., 1755), 279; Alexander Hewatt, Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of South Carolina and Georgia, 2 vols. (London: A. Donaldson, 1779), I, 44 (quoted).
59. Pierre Desmaizeaux, ed., A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, (London: J. Bettenham, 1720), sigs. A3r-A4v; [Arthur Lee,] An Essay in Vindication of the Continental Colonies of America (London: Arthur Lee, 1764), 28; [Georges Marie Butel-Dumont,] Histoire et commerce des colonies angloises (London: n.p., 1755), 279; Alexander Hewatt, Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of South Carolina and Georgia, 2 vols. (London: A. Donaldson, 1779), I, 44 (quoted).
60. Pierre Desmaizeaux, ed., A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, (London: J. Bettenham, 1720), sigs. A3r-A4v; [Arthur Lee,] An Essay in Vindication of the Continental Colonies of America (London: Arthur Lee, 1764), 28; [Georges Marie Butel-Dumont,] Histoire et commerce des colonies angloises (London: n.p., 1755), 279; Alexander Hewatt, Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of South Carolina and Georgia, 2 vols. (London: A. Donaldson, 1779), I, 44 (quoted).
61. Pierre Desmaizeaux, ed., A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, (London: J. Bettenham, 1720), sigs. A3r-A4v; [Arthur Lee,] An Essay in Vindication of the Continental Colonies of America (London: Arthur Lee, 1764), 28; [Georges Marie Butel-Dumont,] Histoire et commerce des colonies angloises (London: n.p., 1755), 279; Alexander Hewatt, Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of South Carolina and Georgia, 2 vols. (London: A. Donaldson, 1779), I, 44 (quoted).
62. [Daniel Defoe,] Party Tyranny, or An Occasional Bill in Miniature (London, n.p., 1705), 8; [Josiah Tucker,] Four Letters on Important National Subjects, Addressed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Shelburne (Gloucester: T. Cadell, 1783), 92 (quoted); John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1788), in The Works of John Adams, ed. C. F. Adams, 10 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1851), IV, 463-64; Jonathan Boucher, A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution (London: G. G. and J. Robinson, 1797), 41.
63. [Daniel Defoe,] Party Tyranny, or An Occasional Bill in Miniature (London, n.p., 1705), 8; [Josiah Tucker,] Four Letters on Important National Subjects, Addressed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Shelburne (Gloucester: T. Cadell, 1783), 92 (quoted); John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1788), in The Works of John Adams, ed. C. F. Adams, 10 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1851), IV, 463-64; Jonathan Boucher, A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution (London: G. G. and J. Robinson, 1797), 41.
64. [Daniel Defoe,] Party Tyranny, or An Occasional Bill in Miniature (London, n.p., 1705), 8; [Josiah Tucker,] Four Letters on Important National Subjects, Addressed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Shelburne (Gloucester: T. Cadell, 1783), 92 (quoted); John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1788), in The Works of John Adams, ed. C. F. Adams, 10 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1851), IV, 463-64; Jonathan Boucher, A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution (London: G. G. and J. Robinson, 1797), 41.
65. [Daniel Defoe,] Party Tyranny, or An Occasional Bill in Miniature (London, n.p., 1705), 8; [Josiah Tucker,] Four Letters on Important National Subjects, Addressed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Shelburne (Gloucester: T. Cadell, 1783), 92 (quoted); John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1788), in The Works of John Adams, ed. C. F. Adams, 10 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1851), IV, 463-64; Jonathan Boucher, A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution (London: G. G. and J. Robinson, 1797), 41.
66. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury, 242-48; J. R. Milton, "John Locke and the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina," The Locke Newsletter 21 (1990): 111-33.
67. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury, 242-48; J. R. Milton, "John Locke and the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina," The Locke Newsletter 21 (1990): 111-33.
68. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (March 1, 1670) (n.p., n.d. [1672?]), Houghton Library, Harvard University, call number * fEC65L7934670f, is a unique large-paper copy; Carolina Described More Fully Than Heretofore . . . (Dublin: n.p., 1684), 12-16, 33-56, summarizes and reprints the Fundamental Constitutions of January 12, 1682.
69. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (March 1, 1670) (n.p., n.d. [1672?]), Houghton Library, Harvard University, call number * fEC65L7934670f, is a unique large-paper copy; Carolina Described More Fully Than Heretofore . . . (Dublin: n.p., 1684), 12-16, 33-56, summarizes and reprints the Fundamental Constitutions of January 12, 1682.
70. Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, ed. Desmaizeaux, 1-53; The Works of John Locke, 10 vols. (London: Thomas Tegg, 1823), X, 175-99; Locke, Political Writings, ed. Wootton, 210-32; Locke, Political Essays, ed. Mark Goldie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 160-81.
71. Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, ed. Desmaizeaux, 1-53; The Works of John Locke, 10 vols. (London: Thomas Tegg, 1823), X, 175-99; Locke, Political Writings, ed. Wootton, 210-32; Locke, Political Essays, ed. Mark Goldie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 160-81.
72. Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, ed. Desmaizeaux, 1-53; The Works of John Locke, 10 vols. (London: Thomas Tegg, 1823), X, 175-99; Locke, Political Writings, ed. Wootton, 210-32; Locke, Political Essays, ed. Mark Goldie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 160-81.
73. Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, ed. Desmaizeaux, 1-53; The Works of John Locke, 10 vols. (London: Thomas Tegg, 1823), X, 175-99; Locke, Political Writings, ed. Wootton, 210-32; Locke, Political Essays, ed. Mark Goldie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 160-81.
74. Ethan Putterman, "Realism and Reform in Rousseau's Constitutional Projects for Poland and Corsica," Political Studies 49 (2001): 481-94.
75. "The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" (July 21, 1669), National Archives, PRO 30/24/47/3.
76. Philip Long, A Summary Catalogue of the Lovelace Collection of the Papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1959), ix; for example, "Of Seeing All Thing [sic] in God" (1693); "Des Cartes's Proof of a God from the Idea of Necessary Existence Examined" (1696); "Some of the Cheif Greivances of the Present Constitution of Virginia with an Essay towards the Remedies Thereof" (1697); "Queries to Be Put to Colonel Henry Hartwell or Any Other Discreet Person That Knows the Constitution of Virginia" (1697), Bod. MSS Locke d. 3, fol. 1; c. 28, fol. 119; e. 9, fols, 1, 39.
77. Philip Long, A Summary Catalogue of the Lovelace Collection of the Papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1959), ix; for example, "Of Seeing All Thing [sic] in God" (1693); "Des Cartes's Proof of a God from the Idea of Necessary Existence Examined" (1696); "Some of the Cheif Greivances of the Present Constitution of Virginia with an Essay towards the Remedies Thereof" (1697); "Queries to Be Put to Colonel Henry Hartwell or Any Other Discreet Person That Knows the Constitution of Virginia" (1697), Bod. MSS Locke d. 3, fol. 1; c. 28, fol. 119; e. 9, fols, 1, 39.
78. Philip Long, A Summary Catalogue of the Lovelace Collection of the Papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1959), ix; for example, "Of Seeing All Thing [sic] in God" (1693); "Des Cartes's Proof of a God from the Idea of Necessary Existence Examined" (1696); "Some of the Cheif Greivances of the Present Constitution of Virginia with an Essay towards the Remedies Thereof" (1697); "Queries to Be Put to Colonel Henry Hartwell or Any Other Discreet Person That Knows the Constitution of Virginia" (1697), Bod. MSS Locke d. 3, fol. 1; c. 28, fol. 119; e. 9, fols, 1, 39.
79. Philip Long, A Summary Catalogue of the Lovelace Collection of the Papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1959), ix; for example, "Of Seeing All Thing [sic] in God" (1693); "Des Cartes's Proof of a God from the Idea of Necessary Existence Examined" (1696); "Some of the Cheif Greivances of the Present Constitution of Virginia with an Essay towards the Remedies Thereof" (1697); "Queries to Be Put to Colonel Henry Hartwell or Any Other Discreet Person That Knows the Constitution of Virginia" (1697), Bod. MSS Locke d. 3, fol. 1; c. 28, fol. 119; e. 9, fols, 1, 39.
80. Philip Long, A Summary Catalogue of the Lovelace Collection of the Papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1959), ix; for example, "Of Seeing All Thing [sic] in God" (1693); "Des Cartes's Proof of a God from the Idea of Necessary Existence Examined" (1696); "Some of the Cheif Greivances of the Present Constitution of Virginia with an Essay towards the Remedies Thereof" (1697); "Queries to Be Put to Colonel Henry Hartwell or Any Other Discreet Person That Knows the Constitution of Virginia" (1697), Bod. MSS Locke d. 3, fol. 1; c. 28, fol. 119; e. 9, fols, 1, 39.
81. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (March 1, 1670) (n.p., n.d. [London, 1672?]), Bod. Ashmole F4 (42): "Made by Anth: Earle of Shaftesbury."
82. Locke's landgrave patent, April 4, 1671, Bod. MS Locke b. 5/9 (another copy in Recital of Grants, AD120, pt. II [November 15, 1682], fol. 18, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC). Comparison with other contemporary landgrave patents - for example, for James Colleton (March 16, 1671), John Yeamans (April 5, 1671), and Sir Edmund Andros (April 3, 1672) - shows that this form of words was unique to Locke's grant.
83. Compare the list of landgrave patents in the Carolina Entry Book, 1663-97, National Archives, CO 5/286, fol. 42v.
84. John Locke to Thomas Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, November 28, 1684, in The Correspondence of John Locke, ed. E. S. De Beer, 8 vols, to date (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976-), II, 664.
85. Sir Peter Colleton to Locke, October 1673; Nicholas Toinard to Locke, July 2, 1679; Henri Justel to Locke, September 17, 1679, in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, I, 395, II, 47, 105.
86. Collection of Several Pieces of Mr John Locke, ed. Desmaizeaux, 42.
87. National Archives, PRO 30/24/47/3, fol. 1, ptd. in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 162.
88. [J. T. Rutt,] "Defence of Locke against Lord Eldon" (February 9, 1807), in The Reception of Locke's Politics, ed. Mark Goldie, 6 vols. (London: Pickering and Chatto, 1999), IV, 391.
89. National Archives, PRO 30/24/47/3, fols. 58r, 59r-60r, 58r-59r, 65r, 66r, ptd. in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 177, 178, 179-80.
90. On the relatively recent emergence of that conceptual distinction in Locke's lifetime, see Richard Tuck, "Power and Authority in Seventeenth-Century England," Historical Journal 17 (1974): 43-61.
91. Josiah Tucker, A Treatise Concerning Civil Government, in Three Parts (London: T. Cadell, 1781), 168.
92. David Wootton, "John Locke and Richard Ashcraft's Revolutionary Politics," Political Studies 40 (1992): 79 (quoted), 82-87.
93. [Josiah Tucker,] A Series of Answers to Certain Popular Objections, against Separating the Rebellious Colonies, and Discarding Them Entirely (Gloucester: T. Cadell, 1776), 104; compare [Rutt,] "Defence of Locke against Lord Eldon," in The Reception of Locke's Politics, ed. Goldie, IV, 393. Locke was thirty-seven in 1669 and thus middle-aged by the standards of his time.
94. [Josiah Tucker,] A Series of Answers to Certain Popular Objections, against Separating the Rebellious Colonies, and Discarding Them Entirely (Gloucester: T. Cadell, 1776), 104; compare [Rutt,] "Defence of Locke against Lord Eldon," in The Reception of Locke's Politics, ed. Goldie, IV, 393. Locke was thirty-seven in 1669 and thus middle-aged by the standards of his time.
95. Temporary laws for Carolina, December 1671, National Archives, CO 5/286, fol. 41r, ptd. in [W. J. Rivers,] A Sketch of the History of South Carolina to the Close of the Proprietary Government by the Revolution of 1719 (Charleston, SC: McCarter, 1856), 353.
96. National Archives, CO 5/286, fol. 125v, July 29, 1674: "Memd Send Mr Locke into the Country a Coppy of the F. Constitutions"; Thomas Stringer to Locke, September 7, 1677; Stringer to Locke, October 5, 1677, in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, I, 516, 518.
97. John Locke, "Atlantis" (1676-79), in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 253-59; Ernesto de Marchi, "Locke's Atlantis" Political Studies 3 (1955): 164-65; Luciana Bellatalla, Atlantis: Spunti e appunti su un inedito lockiano (Lucca: Fazzi, 1983).
98. John Locke, "Atlantis" (1676-79), in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 253-59; Ernesto de Marchi, "Locke's Atlantis" Political Studies 3 (1955): 164-65; Luciana Bellatalla, Atlantis: Spunti e appunti su un inedito lockiano (Lucca: Fazzi, 1983).
99. John Locke, "Atlantis" (1676-79), in Locke, Political Essays,
100. Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, I, 590, II, 27, 34, 40, 68, 95, 105, 132, 141, 147, 441, 444; Bod. MS Locke f. 28, fol. 19.
101. Bod. MS Locke f. 5, fol. 93; MS Locke c. 25, fol. 31r; MS Locke f. 10, fol. 98; MS Locke b. 2, fol. 124; MS Locke f. 17, fol. 46r; MS Locke b. 2, fol. 172v; Locke to Anthony Collins, March 6, 9, 13, 1704, in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, VIII, 232, 234, 238; Bod. MS Locke c. 35, fol. 49v.
102. John Locke, "Observations on Wine, Olives, Fruit and Silk" (February 1, 1680), National Archives, PRO 30/24/47/35; [John Locke,] Observations upon the Growth and Culture of Vines and Olives, ed. G. S. (London: W. Sandby, 1766); Works of John Locke, X, 323-56. Locke's other major (and still unpublished) work of these years was the "Critical Notes" on Stillingfleet (1681), Bod. MS Locke c. 34.
103. John Locke, "Observations on Wine, Olives, Fruit and Silk" (February 1, 1680), National Archives, PRO 30/24/47/35; [John Locke,] Observations upon the Growth and Culture of Vines and Olives, ed. G. S. (London: W. Sandby, 1766); Works of John Locke, X, 323-56. Locke's other major (and still unpublished) work of these years was the "Critical Notes" on Stillingfleet (1681), Bod. MS Locke c. 34.
104. John Locke, "Observations on Wine, Olives, Fruit and Silk" (February 1, 1680), National Archives, PRO 30/24/47/35; [John Locke,] Observations upon the Growth and Culture of Vines and Olives, ed. G. S. (London: W. Sandby, 1766); Works of John Locke, X, 323-56. Locke's other major (and still unpublished) work of these years was the "Critical Notes" on Stillingfleet (1681), Bod. MS Locke c. 34.
105. The main exception is a series of studies by Tim Unwin, "Locke's Interest in Wine," The Locke Newsletter 29 (1998): 119-51; Unwin, "The Viticultural Geography of France in the 17th Century According to John Locke," Annales de Géographie 614-15 (2000): 395-414; Unwin, "From Montpellier to New England: John Locke on Wine," in Place, Culture and Identity: Essays in Historical Geography in Honour of Alan R. H. Baker, ed. Iain Black and Robin A. Butlin (Saint-Nicholas: Presses de l'Université Lavai, 2001), 69-90; see also Roy P. Brady, "Locke on Wine," Wine and Food 98 (1958): 77-85.
106. The main exception is a series of studies by Tim Unwin, "Locke's Interest in Wine," The Locke Newsletter 29 (1998): 119-51; Unwin, "The Viticultural Geography of France in the 17th Century According to John Locke," Annales de Géographie 614-15 (2000): 395-414; Unwin, "From Montpellier to New England: John Locke on Wine," in Place, Culture and Identity: Essays in Historical Geography in Honour of Alan R. H. Baker, ed. Iain Black and Robin A. Butlin (Saint-Nicholas: Presses de l'Université Lavai, 2001), 69-90; see also Roy P. Brady, "Locke on Wine," Wine and Food 98 (1958): 77-85.
107. The main exception is a series of studies by Tim Unwin, "Locke's Interest in Wine," The Locke Newsletter 29 (1998): 119-51; Unwin, "The Viticultural Geography of France in the 17th Century According to John Locke," Annales de Géographie 614-15 (2000): 395-414; Unwin, "From Montpellier to New England: John Locke on Wine," in Place, Culture and Identity: Essays in Historical Geography in Honour of Alan R. H. Baker, ed. Iain Black and Robin A. Butlin (Saint-Nicholas: Presses de l'Université Lavai, 2001), 69-90; see also Roy P. Brady, "Locke on Wine," Wine and Food 98 (1958): 77-85.
108. The main exception is a series of studies by Tim Unwin, "Locke's Interest in Wine," The Locke Newsletter 29 (1998): 119-51; Unwin, "The Viticultural Geography of France in the 17th Century According to John Locke," Annales de Géographie 614-15 (2000): 395-414; Unwin, "From Montpellier to New England: John Locke on Wine," in Place, Culture and Identity: Essays in Historical Geography in Honour of Alan R. H. Baker, ed. Iain Black and Robin A. Butlin (Saint-Nicholas: Presses de l'Université Lavai, 2001), 69-90; see also Roy P. Brady, "Locke on Wine," Wine and Food 98 (1958): 77-85.
109. Compare Unwin, "Locke's Interest in Wine," 143-45, 150, with the account in Unwin, "From Montpellier to New England," in Place, Culture and Identity, ed. Black and Butlin, 83-84.
110. Compare Unwin, "Locke's Interest in Wine," 143-45, 150, with the account in Unwin, "From Montpellier to New England," in Place, Culture and Identity, ed. Black and Butlin, 83-84.
111. Bod. MS Locke f. 15, fols. 26, 42, 91.
112. John Hoskins to Locke, February 5, 1680, in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, II, 154; Lewis Cecil Gray and Esther Katherine Thompson, History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, 2 vols. (New York: P. Smith, 1941), I, 52-54, 184-85, 188-90.
113. John Hoskins to Locke, February 5, 1680, in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, II, 154; Lewis Cecil Gray and Esther Katherine Thompson, History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, 2 vols. (New York: P. Smith, 1941), I, 52-54, 184-85, 188-90.
114. St. Julien R. Childs, "The Petit-Guérard Colony," South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine 43 (1942): 2-3; Committee of Trade and Plantations, May 20, 1679, ptd. in [Rivers,] A Sketch of the History of South Carolina, 392; Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury, 533.
115. St. Julien R. Childs, "The Petit-Guérard Colony," South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine 43 (1942): 2-3; Committee of Trade and Plantations, May 20, 1679, ptd. in [Rivers,] A Sketch of the History of South Carolina, 392; Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury, 533.
116. St. Julien R. Childs, "The Petit-Guérard Colony," South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine 43 (1942): 2-3; Committee of Trade and Plantations, May 20, 1679, ptd. in [Rivers,] A Sketch of the History of South Carolina, 392; Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury, 533.
117. Neal Wood, John Locke and Agrarian Capitalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 21-71.
118. Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 354-55, 372; Philip Milton, "John Locke and the Rye House Plot," Historical Journal 43 (2000): 647-68.
119. Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 354-55, 372; Philip Milton, "John Locke and the Rye House Plot," Historical Journal 43 (2000): 647-68.
120. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury, 705-7; Eugene M. Sirmans, Colonial South Carolina: A Political History, 1663-1763 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966), 35-43.
121. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury, 705-7; Eugene M. Sirmans, Colonial South Carolina: A Political History, 1663-1763 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966), 35-43.
122. Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 354; Letters Illustrative of Public Affairs in Scotland, Addressed . . . to George, Earl of Aberdeen . . . MDCLXXXI-MDCLXXXIV (Aberdeen: Spalding Club, 1851), 58-60; Peter Karsten, "Plotters and Proprietaries, 1682-83:The 'Council of Six' and the Colonies: Plan for Colonization or Front for Revolution?" The Historian 38 (1975-76): 474-84; Linda Fryer, "Documents Relating to the Formation of the Carolina Company in Scotland, 1682," South Carolina Historical Magazine 99 (1998): 110-34.
123. Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 354; Letters Illustrative of Public Affairs in Scotland, Addressed . . . to George, Earl of Aberdeen . . . MDCLXXXI-MDCLXXXIV (Aberdeen: Spalding Club, 1851), 58-60; Peter Karsten, "Plotters and Proprietaries, 1682-83:The 'Council of Six' and the Colonies: Plan for Colonization or Front for Revolution?" The Historian 38 (1975-76): 474-84; Linda Fryer, "Documents Relating to the Formation of the Carolina Company in Scotland, 1682," South Carolina Historical Magazine 99 (1998): 110-34.
124. Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 354; Letters Illustrative of Public Affairs in Scotland, Addressed . . . to George, Earl of Aberdeen . . . MDCLXXXI-MDCLXXXIV (Aberdeen: Spalding Club, 1851), 58-60; Peter Karsten, "Plotters and Proprietaries, 1682-83:The 'Council of Six' and the Colonies: Plan for Colonization or Front for Revolution?" The Historian 38 (1975-76): 474-84; Linda Fryer, "Documents Relating to the Formation of the Carolina Company in Scotland, 1682," South Carolina Historical Magazine 99 (1998): 110-34.
125. Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 354; Letters Illustrative of Public Affairs in Scotland, Addressed . . . to George, Earl of Aberdeen . . . MDCLXXXI-MDCLXXXIV (Aberdeen: Spalding Club, 1851), 58-60; Peter Karsten, "Plotters and Proprietaries, 1682-83:The 'Council of Six' and the Colonies: Plan for Colonization or Front for Revolution?" The Historian 38 (1975-76): 474-84; Linda Fryer, "Documents Relating to the Formation of the Carolina Company in Scotland, 1682," South Carolina Historical Magazine 99 (1998): 110-34.
126. This passage must date from after the first Scots settlement in 1684; however, no sizeable Welsh community in Carolina is recorded before the early eighteenth century: Sirmans, Colonial South Carolina, 168.
127. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (January 12, 1682) (n.p., n.d. [London, 1682]).
128. The True Protestant Mercury, March 15-18, 1682, March 18-22, 1682; R. F., The Present State of Carolina with Advice to the Settlers (London: John Bringhurst, 1682); A True Description of Carolina (London: Joel Gascoin, n.d. [1682]); [Samuel Wilson,] An Account of the Province of Carolina in America (London: Francis Smith, 1682).
129. The True Protestant Mercury, March 15-18, 1682, March 18-22, 1682; R. F., The Present State of Carolina with Advice to the Settlers (London: John Bringhurst, 1682); A True Description of Carolina (London: Joel Gascoin, n.d. [1682]); [Samuel Wilson,] An Account of the Province of Carolina in America (London: Francis Smith, 1682).
130. The True Protestant Mercury, March 15-18, 1682, March 18-22, 1682; R. F., The Present State of Carolina with Advice to the Settlers (London: John Bringhurst, 1682); A True Description of Carolina (London: Joel Gascoin, n.d. [1682]); [Samuel Wilson,] An Account of the Province of Carolina in America (London: Francis Smith, 1682).
131. The True Protestant Mercury, March 15-18, 1682, March 18-22, 1682; R. F., The Present State of Carolina with Advice to the Settlers (London: John Bringhurst, 1682); A True Description of Carolina (London: Joel Gascoin, n.d. [1682]); [Samuel Wilson,] An Account of the Province of Carolina in America (London: Francis Smith, 1682).
132. John Dryden, "Prologue to the King and Queen" (1682), in Poems on Affairs of State: Augustan Satirical Verse, 1660-1714, III: 1682-1685, ed. Howard H. Schless (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968), 372-73. Dryden wrote the prologue between May 14 and November 16, 1682: see headnote, ibid., 372.
133. National Archives, CO 5/286, fols. 91v-92v (May 10, 1682), ptd. in [Rivers,] A Sketch of the History of South Carolina, 395-96. No copy of the Constitutions incorporating these changes seems to have survived.
134. National Archives, PRO 30/24/48, fols. 335-51, provides a detailed list of the changes from the "Third" Constitutions (January 12, 1682) to the "Fourth" Constitutions (August 17, 1682), National Archives, CO 5/287, fols. 24-32.
135. Bod. MS Locke f. 6, fols. 63, 83.
136. Nicholas Toinard to Locke, September 24, 1681 ("nous [i.e., Toinard and Henri Justel] avons trouvé bien des choses embarassantes, et tres contraires à la tranquillité que des subalternes cherchent dans ces sortes de pais"), Toinard to Locke, September 24, 1681 ("Songez serieusement à la reformation des loix de la K."), in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, II, 441, 444.
137. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (January 12, 1682), New York Public Library, call number *KC + 1682.
138. Haley, First Earl of Shaftesbury, 725.
139. My thanks to Charles H. Lesser of the South Carolina Department of Archives and History for his help in eliminating possible candidates.
140. J. E. Buchanan, "The Colleton Family and the Early History of South Carolina and Barbados (PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989), chaps. 1-6; Basil Duke Henning, ed., The House of Commons, 1660-1690, 3 vols. (London: History of Parliament Trust, 1983), II, 106, s.v., "Colleton, Sir Peter."
141. J. E. Buchanan, "The Colleton Family and the Early History of South Carolina and Barbados (PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989), chaps. 1-6; Basil Duke Henning, ed., The House of Commons, 1660-1690, 3 vols. (London: History of Parliament Trust, 1983), II, 106, s.v., "Colleton, Sir Peter."
142. The New York Public Library card catalogue; William S. Powell, "Carolina in the Seventeenth Century: An Annotated Bibliography of Contemporary Publications," North Carolina Historical Review 41 (1964): 94; and Charles H. Lesser, South Carolina Begins: The Records of a Proprietary Colony, 1663-1721 (Columbia: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1995), 28, note the presence of Locke's hand but without further investigation.
143. The New York Public Library card catalogue; William S. Powell, "Carolina in the Seventeenth Century: An Annotated Bibliography of Contemporary Publications," North Carolina Historical Review 41 (1964): 94; and Charles H. Lesser, South Carolina Begins: The Records of a Proprietary Colony, 1663-1721 (Columbia: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1995), 28, note the presence of Locke's hand but without further investigation.
144. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (New York Public Library *KC + 1682), 11, 22, fols. 1v, 2v, 3r, 3v; Locke amended articles 14, 34, 39, 40, 52, 59, 67, 70, 73, 75, 116, and 120 in this copy.
145. David Thomas to Locke, November 25, 1686, Thomas to Locke, December 26, 1686, note on letter from Edward Clarke, April 25, 1687, in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, III, 74, 90, 166; Mary Clarke to Edward Clarke, April 30, 1687, Sanford (Clarke) Papers, Somerset Record Office, Taunton (my thanks to Mark Goldie for this reference).
146. Locke to Edward Clarke, March 26, 1685, in Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, II, 708-9.
147. Correspondence of John Locke, ed. De Beer, II, 709 n. 1.
148. As Locke knew, ambergris was found in Carolina and in the Bahamas: Fundamental Constitutions, § 104, "One half of all ambergreece by whom soever found shall wholy belong to the Proprietors": PRO 30/24/47/3, fol. 68r, ptd. in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 180; Richard Lilburne to the Bahamas Adventurers, August 9, 1674, National Archives, PRO 30/24/49, fol. 58, endorsed by Locke, "Ambra Grisia 74."
149. As Locke knew, ambergris was found in Carolina and in the Bahamas: Fundamental Constitutions, § 104, "One half of all ambergreece by whom soever found shall wholy belong to the Proprietors": PRO 30/24/47/3, fol. 68r, ptd. in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 180; Richard Lilburne to the Bahamas Adventurers, August 9, 1674, National Archives, PRO 30/24/49, fol. 58, endorsed by Locke, "Ambra Grisia 74."
150. The only other commentator to have noticed this passage seems to have been Richard Ashcraft: Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 463 n. 221.
151. As suggested independently by Richard Ashcraft and John Milton: Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 463 n. 221; Milton, "Dating Locke's Second Treatise," 372.
152. As suggested independently by Richard Ashcraft and John Milton: Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics, 463 n. 221; Milton, "Dating Locke's Second Treatise," 372.
153. Compare J. H. Hexter's classic account of Thomas More "open[ing] a seam" to insert the "Dialogue of Counsel" into the text of Utopia: Hexter, More's "Utopia": The Biography of an Idea (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952), 18-21.
154. John Locke, "Morality" (c. 1677-78), Bod. MS Locke c. 28, fol. 140, ptd. in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 268; Richard Tuck, Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 168-69.
155. John Locke, "Morality" (c. 1677-78), Bod. MS Locke c. 28, fol. 140, ptd. in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 268; Richard Tuck, Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 168-69.
156. National Archives, PRO 30/24/47/3, fol. 66r, ptd. in Locke, Political Essays, ed. Goldie, 180. This provision remained unaltered in all subsequent revisions of the Fundamental Constitutions.
157. Charter to Sir Robert Heath (October 30, 1629) and Charter to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina (March 24, 1663), in M.E.E. Parker, ed., North Carolina Charters and Constitutions, 1578-1698 (Raleigh, NC: Carolina Charter Tercentenary Commission, 1963), 64, 76 (my emphases).
158. John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, ed. James Tully (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983), 43.
159. David Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 49-50, 92-99.
160. On First Treatise, § 130, see Seymour Drescher, "On James Farr's So vile and miserable an estate,'" Political Theory 16 (1988): 502-3; James Farr, "'Slaves bought with money': A Reply to Drescher," Political Theory 17 (1989): 471-74.
161. On First Treatise, § 130, see Seymour Drescher, "On James Farr's So vile and miserable an estate,'" Political Theory 16 (1988): 502-3; James Farr, "'Slaves bought with money': A Reply to Drescher," Political Theory 17 (1989): 471-74.
162. c," Ford Collection, New York Public Library (unfoliated), article 73.
163. For a range of treatments of Locke on slavery see John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the "Two Treatises of Government" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 108-10, 174-77; James Fair, "'So vile and miserable an estate': The Problem of Slavery in Locke's Political Thought," Political Theory 14 (1986): 263-90; Wayne Glausser, "Three Approaches to Locke and the Slave Trade," Journal of the History of Ideas 51 (1990): 199-216; Jennifer Welchman, "Locke on Slavery and Inalienable Rights," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25 (1995): 67-81; William Uzgalis, "'. . . The Same Tyrannical Principle': Locke's Legacy on Slavery," in Subjugation and Bondage: Critical Essays on Slavery and Social Philosophy, ed. Tommy Lee Lott (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 49-77; Jeremy Waldron, God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 197-206.
164. For a range of treatments of Locke on slavery see John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the "Two Treatises of Government" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 108-10, 174-77; James Fair, "'So vile and miserable an estate': The Problem of Slavery in Locke's Political Thought," Political Theory 14 (1986): 263-90; Wayne Glausser, "Three Approaches to Locke and the Slave Trade," Journal of the History of Ideas 51 (1990): 199-216; Jennifer Welchman, "Locke on Slavery and Inalienable Rights," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25 (1995): 67-81; William Uzgalis, "'. . . The Same Tyrannical Principle': Locke's Legacy on Slavery," in Subjugation and Bondage: Critical Essays on Slavery and Social Philosophy, ed. Tommy Lee Lott (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 49-77; Jeremy Waldron, God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 197-206.
165. For a range of treatments of Locke on slavery see John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the "Two Treatises of Government" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 108-10, 174-77; James Fair, "'So vile and miserable an estate': The Problem of Slavery in Locke's Political Thought," Political Theory 14 (1986): 263-90; Wayne Glausser, "Three Approaches to Locke and the Slave Trade," Journal of the History of Ideas 51 (1990): 199-216; Jennifer Welchman, "Locke on Slavery and Inalienable Rights," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25 (1995): 67-81; William Uzgalis, "'. . . The Same Tyrannical Principle': Locke's Legacy on Slavery," in Subjugation and Bondage: Critical Essays on Slavery and Social Philosophy, ed. Tommy Lee Lott (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 49-77; Jeremy Waldron, God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 197-206.
166. For a range of treatments of Locke on slavery see John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the "Two Treatises of Government" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 108-10, 174-77; James Fair, "'So vile and miserable an estate': The Problem of Slavery in Locke's Political Thought," Political Theory 14 (1986): 263-90; Wayne Glausser, "Three Approaches to Locke and the Slave Trade," Journal of the History of Ideas 51 (1990): 199-216; Jennifer Welchman, "Locke on Slavery and Inalienable Rights," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25 (1995): 67-81; William Uzgalis, "'. . . The Same Tyrannical Principle': Locke's Legacy on Slavery," in Subjugation and Bondage: Critical Essays on Slavery and Social Philosophy, ed. Tommy Lee Lott (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 49-77; Jeremy Waldron, God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 197-206.
167. For a range of treatments of Locke on slavery see John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the "Two Treatises of Government" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 108-10, 174-77; James Fair, "'So vile and miserable an estate': The Problem of Slavery in Locke's Political Thought," Political Theory 14 (1986): 263-90; Wayne Glausser, "Three Approaches to Locke and the Slave Trade," Journal of the History of Ideas 51 (1990): 199-216; Jennifer Welchman, "Locke on Slavery and Inalienable Rights," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25 (1995): 67-81; William Uzgalis, "'. . . The Same Tyrannical Principle': Locke's Legacy on Slavery," in Subjugation and Bondage: Critical Essays on Slavery and Social Philosophy, ed. Tommy Lee Lott (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 49-77; Jeremy Waldron, God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 197-206.
168. For a range of treatments of Locke on slavery see John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the "Two Treatises of Government" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 108-10, 174-77; James Fair, "'So vile and miserable an estate': The Problem of Slavery in Locke's Political Thought," Political Theory 14 (1986): 263-90; Wayne Glausser, "Three Approaches to Locke and the Slave Trade," Journal of the History of Ideas 51 (1990): 199-216; Jennifer Welchman, "Locke on Slavery and Inalienable Rights," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25 (1995): 67-81; William Uzgalis, "'. . . The Same Tyrannical Principle': Locke's Legacy on Slavery," in Subjugation and Bondage: Critical Essays on Slavery and Social Philosophy, ed. Tommy Lee Lott (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), 49-77; Jeremy Waldron, God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 197-206.
169. Tucker, A Series of Answers to Certain Popular Objections, 103.
170. Jeremy Bentham, "Article on Utilitarianism" (June 8, 1829), University College London, Bentham Papers, XIV. 432 (marginal note), XIV. 433.