Sedimentary evolution of a Late Pleistocene temperate red algal reef (Coralligène) on Rhodes, Greece: Correlation with global sea-level fluctuations

Sedimentology

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1747-1776

  Titschack, Jürgen ^a   Nelson, Campbell S ^b   Beck, Tim ^a   Freiwald, André ^a   Radtke, Ulrich ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO   (New Zealand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Corallig ne; Genetic stratigraphy; Heterozoan Association; Late Pleistocene; Maerl; Red algal reef; Rhodes; Sea level reconstruction; Temperate shelf carbonates

Indexed keywords

ACCUMULATION RATE; CORALLINE ALGA; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; FACIES ANALYSIS; GRAIN SIZE; INTERGLACIAL; MARINE ISOTOPE STAGE; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PLEISTOCENE; RED ALGA; SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; SILICICLASTIC DEPOSIT; TRANSGRESSION-REGRESSION CYCLE; TREND ANALYSIS; UNCONFORMITY; UPLIFT;

DODECANESE; EURASIA; EUROPE; GREECE; RHODES; SOUTHERN AEGEAN; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

ALGAE; ANTHOZOA; BIVALVIA; LITHOPHYLLUM; TITANODERMA;

EID: 56349164326     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: 13653091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.00966.x     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Andres, M.S. and McKenzie, J.A. (2002) Data report: Late Pleistocene oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy in bulk- and fine-fraction carbonate from the Great Australian Bight, ODP Leg 182, Site 1127. Proc. ODP, Sci, Results, 182, 1-13.
2. Balata, D., Piazzi, L., Cecchi, E. and Cinelli, F. (2005) Variability of Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages subject to local variation in sediment deposition. Mar. Environ. Res., 60, 403-421.
3. Ballesteros, E. (2006) Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages: A synthesis of present knowledge. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 44, 123-195.
4. Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A. and Kaufman, A. (2000) Timing and hydrological conditions of Sapropel events in the Eastern Mediterranean, as evident from speleothems, Soreq cave, Israel. Chem. Geol., 169, 145-156.
5. Bernasconi, M.P., Corselli, C. and Carobene, L. (1997) A bank of the scleractinian coral Cladocora caespitosa in the Pleistocene of the Crati Valley (Calabria, southern Italy): Growth versus environmental conditions. Boll. Soc. Paleontol. Ital., 36, 53-61.
6. Blake, C. and Maggs, C.A. (2003) Comparative growth rates and internal banding periodicity of maerl species (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from northern Europe. Phycologia, 42, 606-612.
7. Bosence, D.W.J. (1979) Live and dead faunas from coralline algal gravels, Co. Galway. Palaeontol., 22, 449-478.
8. Bosence, D.W.J. (1983) Coralline algal reef frameworks. J. Geol. Soc., London, 140, 365-376.
9. Bosence, D.W.J. (1985) The 'Coralligène' of the Mediterranean a recent analog for Tertiary coralline algal limestones. In: Paleoalgology: Contemporary Research and Applications (Eds D.F. Toomey and M.H. Nitecki), pp. 216-225. Springer, Berlin.
10. Bosence, D.W.J. and Pedley, H.M. (1982) Sedimentology and palaeontology of a Miocene coralline algal biostrome from the Maltese Islands. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 38, 9-43.
11. Bosence, D. and Wilson, J. (2003) Maerl growth, carbonate production rates and accumulation rates in the northeast Atlantic. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosys., 13, S21-S31.
12. Brett, C.E. (1995) Sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and taphonomy in shallow marine environments. Palaios, 10, 597-616.
13. Brooke, B. (2001) The distribution of carbonate eolianite. Earth-Sci. Rev., 55, 135-164.
14. Bucur, I.I. and Filipescu, S. (1994) Middle Miocene red algae from the Transylvanian Basin (Romania). Beitr. Paläontol. Österr., 19, 39-47.
15. Bucur, I.I. and Ianoliu, C. (1987) L'Éocène de Turne Roşu - Perceşti. Considérations sur les Algues Calcaires. In: The Eocene from the Transylvanian Basin (Eds I. Petrescu, L. Ghergari, N. Mészáros and E. Nicorici), pp. 37-42. University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca.
16. Bucur, I.I., Mészáros, N. and Costea, C. (1987) Algues Calcaires dans les Dépôts de l'Éocène supérieur de Prodǎneşti et Cuciulat (No du Bassin de Transylvanie). In: The Eocene from the Transylvanian Basin (Eds I. Petrescu, L. Ghergari, N. Mészáros and E. Nicorici), pp. 31-36. University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca.
17. Carannante, G. and Simone, L. (1996) Rhodolith facies in the central-southern Appenines Mountains, Italy. In: Models for Carbonate Stratigraphy - From Miocene Reef Complexes of Mediterranean Regions (Eds E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward and J.-M. Rouchy), Concepts Sedimentol. Paleontol. SEPM (Soc. Sed. Geol.), 5, 261-275.
18. Cathro, D.L., Austin, J.A. Jr and Moss, G.D. (2001) Progradation along a deeply submerged Oligocene-Miocene heterozoan carbonate shelf: How sensitive are clinoforms to sea level variations? AAPG Bull., 87, 1547-1574.
19. Clemmensen, L.B., Fornós, J.J. and Rodriguez-Perea, A. (1997) Morphology and architecture of a late Pleistocene cliff-front dune, Mallorca, western Mediterranean. Terra Nova, 9, 251-254.
20. Cornée, J.-J., Moissette, P., Joannin, S., Suc, J.-P., Quillévéré, F., Krijgsman, W., Hilgen, F., Koskeridou, E., Münch, P., Lécuyer, C. and Desvignes, P. (2006a) Tectonic and climatic controls on coastal sedimentation: The Late Pliocene -Middle Pleistocene of northeastern Rhodes, Greece. Sed. Geol., 187, 159-181.
21. 39Ar dating of a volcaniclastic layer. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 250, 281-291.
22. Cross, T.A. and Lessenger, M.A. (1998) Sediment volume partitioning: rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation. In: Sequence Stratigraphy - Concepts and Applications (Eds F.M. Gradstein, K.O. Sandvik and N.J. Milton), Norw. Petrol. Soc. -Spec. Publ., 8, 171-195. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
23. Davies, P.J., Braga, J.C., Lund, M. and Webster, J.M. (2004) Holocene deep water algal buildups on the Eastern Australian Shelf. Palaios, 19, 598-609.
24. Di Geronimo, I., Di Geronimo, R., Rosso, A. and Sanfilippo, R. (2002) Structural and taphonomic analysis of a columnar coralline algal build-up from SE Sicily. Geobios, 24, 86-95.
25. Duermeijer, C.E., Nyst, M., Meijer, P.T., Langereis, C.G. and Spakman, W. (2000) Neogene evolution of the Aegean arc: Paleomagnetic and geodetic evidence for a rapid and young rotation phase. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 176, 509-525.
26. El-Asmar, H.M. (1994) Aeolianite sedimentation along the northwestern coast of Egypt: Evidence for middle to late Quaternary aridity. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 13, 699-708.
27. El-Asmar, H.M. and Wood, P. (2000) Quaternary shoreline development: The northwestern coast of Egypt. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 19, 1137-1149.
28. Emery, D. and Myers, K. (1996) Sequence Stratigraphy. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 297 pp.
29. Engelmann, A., Neber, A., Frechen, M., Boenigk, W. and Ronen, A. (2001) Luminescence chronology of Upper Pleistocene and Holocene aeolianites from Netanya South - Sharon Coastal Plain, Israel. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 20-2, 799-804.
30. Fornós, J.J., Baron, A. and Pons, G.X. (1996) Arrecifes de coral hermatípicos (Cladocora caespitosa) en el relleno holoceno de la zona de Es Grau (Menorca, Mediterráneo Occidental). Geogaceta, 20, 303-307.
31. Frechen, M., Dermann, B., Boenigk, W. and Ronen, A. (2001) Luminescence chronology of aeolianites from the section at Givat Olga - Coastal Plain of Israel. Quartern. Sci. Rev., 20, 805-809.
32. Freiwald, A. (1998) Modern nearshore cold-temperate calcareous sediments in the Troms District, northern Norway. J. Sed. Petrol., 68, 763-776.
33. Freiwald, A. and Roberts, J.M. (2005) Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Erlangen Earth Conference Series, 1. Springer, Berlin, 1243 pp.
34. Giraudi, C. (2005) Eolian sand in peridesert northwestern Libya and implications for Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sahara expansions. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 218, 161-173.
35. Gliozzi, E. (1987) I Terrazzi del Pleistocene Superiore della Penisola di Crotone (Calabria). Geol. Romana, 26, 17-79.
36. Hanken, N.-M., Bromley, R.G. and Miller, J. (1996) Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation in coastal grabens, north-east Rhodes, Greece. Geol. J., 31, 393-418.
37. Hansen, K.S. (1999) Development of a prograding carbonate wedge during sea level fall: Lower Pleistocene of Rhodes, Greece. Sedimentology, 46, 559-576.
38. Hansen, K.S. (2001) Sedimentology of Plio-Pleistocene Temperate Water Carbonates from Northeast Rhodes, Greece, PhD Thesis. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 311 pp.
39. Hofrichter, R. (2001) Das Mittelmeer: Fauna, Flora, Ökologie - Allgemeiner Teil, I. Spektrum, Heidelberg, 607 pp.
40. Hofrichter, R. (2004) Das Mittelmeer: Fauna, Flora, Ökologie - Bestimmungsführer, II/1. Spektrum, Heidelberg, 859 pp.
41. Homewood, P.W. (1996) The carbonate feedback system: Interaction between stratigraphic accommodation, ecological succession and the carbonate factory. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 167, 701-715.
42. Homewood, P.W. and Eberli, G.P. (2000) Genetic stratigraphy on the exploration and production scales; case studies from the Upper Devonian of Alberta and the Pennsylvanian of the Paradox Basin. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, Memoire, 24, 290 pp.
43. Homewood, P.W., Mauriaud, P. and Lafont, F. (1999) Best practices in sequence stratigraphy for exploration and reservoir engineers. Bull. Centres Rech. Explor. - Prod. Elf-Aquitaine: Mem., 25, 81.
44. Hughes, P.D., Woodward, J.C. and Gibbard, P.L. (2006) Late Pleistocene glaciers and climate in the Mediterranean. Global Planet. Change, 50, 83-98.
45. Ikeya, M. and Ohmura, K. (1981) Dating of fossil shells with electron spin resonance. J. Geol., 89, 247-251.
46. Kelly, S.R.A. and Bromley, R.G. (1984) Ichnological nomenclature of clavate borings. Palaeontology, 27, 793-807.
47. Kershaw, S. (2000) Quaternary reefs of northeastern Sicily: Structure and growth controls in an unstable tectonic setting. J. Coastal Res., 16, 1037-1062.
48. Kershaw, S., Guo, L. and Braga, J.C. (2005) A Holocene coral-algal reef at Mavra Litharia, Gulf of Corinth, Greece: Structure, history, and applications in relative sea-level change. Mar. Geol., 215, 171-192.
49. Kindler, P. and Hearty, P.J. (1997) Geology of the Bahamas: Architecture of Bahamian islands. In: Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands (Eds H.L. Vacher and T. Quinn), Dev. Sedimentol., 54, 141-160.
50. Kindler, P., Davaud, E. and Strasser, A. (1997) Tyrrhenian coastal deposits from Sardinia (Italy): A petrographic record of high sea levels and shifting climate belts during the last interglacial (isotope substage 5e). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 133, 1-25.
51. Kontogianni, V.A., Tsoulos, N. and Stiros, S.C. (2002) Coastal uplift, earthquakes and active faulting of Rhodes Island (Aegean Arc): Modeling based on geodetic inversion. Mar. Geol., 186, 299-317.
52. Kružić, P. (2002) Marine fauna of the Mljet National Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia) 1. Anthozoa. Nat. Croat., 11, 265-292.
53. Kružić, P. and Pozar-Domac, A. (2002) Skeleton growth rates of coral bank of Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in lake Veliko jezero (Mljet National Park). Period. Biol., 104, 123-129.
54. Kružić, P. and Pozar-Domac, A. (2003) Banks of the coral Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Adriatic Sea. Coral Reefs, 22, 536.
55. Kühlmann, D.H.H. (1996) Preliminary report on Holocene submarine accumulations of Cladocora caespitosa (L., 1767) in the Mediterranean. In: Global and Regional Controls on Biogenic Sedimentation, I. Reef Evolution (Eds J. Reitner, F. Neuweiler and F. Gunkel), Göttinger Arbeiten Geol. Paläontol., Sb2, 65-69.
56. Laborel, J. (1961) Le concretionnement algal 'Coralligene' et son importance geomorphologique en Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bull., 23, 37-60.
57. Laborel, J. (1987) Marine biogenic constructions in the Mediterranean. Sci. Rep. Port-Cros Natl Park, Fr, 13, 97-126.
58. Laborel, J., Pérès, J.M., Picard, J. and Vacelet, J. (1961) Étude directe des fonds des parages de Marseille de 30 à 300 m avec la aoucoupe plongeante Cousteau. Bull. Inst. Océanogr. Monaco, 1206, 1-16.
59. Laubier, L. (1966) Le Coralligène des Albères, Monographie Biocénotique. Ann. Inst. Océanogr., 43, 137-316.
60. McKee, E.D. and Ward, W.C. (1983) Eolian environment. In: Carbonate Depositional Environments (Eds P.A. Scholle, D.G. Bebout and C.H. Moore), AAPG Mem., 33, 131-170.
61. Minnery, G.A. (1990) Crustose coralline algae from the Flower Garden Banks, northwestern Gulf of Mexico: Controls on distribution and growth morphology. J. Sed. Petrol., 60, 992-1007.
62. Molodkov, A.N. and Bolikhovskaya, N.S. (2002) Eustatic sea-level and climate changes over the last 600 ka as derived from mollusc-based ESR-chronostratigraphy and pollen evidence in Northern Eurasia. Sed. Geol., 150, 185-201.
63. Morri, C., Peirano, A, Bianchi, C.N. and Metalpa, R.R. (2000) Cladocora caespitosa: A colonial zooxanthellate Mediterranean coral showing constructional ability. Reef Encounter, 27, 22-25.
64. Mutti, E., Orombelli, G. and Pozzi, R. (1970) Geological studies on the Dodecanese Islands (Aegean Sea). IX. Geological map of the island of Rhodes (Greece), explanatory notes. Ann. Géol. Pays Helléniques, 22, 77-226.
65. Nalin, R., Basso, D. and Massari, F. (2006) Pleistocene coralline algal build-ups (coralligène de plateau) and associated bioclastic deposits in the sedimentary cover of Cutro marine terrace (Calabria, southern Italy). In: Cool-Water Carbonates: Depositional Systems and Palaeoenvironmental Controls (Eds H.M. Pedley and G. Carannante), Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 255, 11-22.
66. Nebelsick, J.H. (1989) Temperate water carbonate facies of the Early Miocene Paratethys (Zogelsdorf Formation, lower Austria). Facies, 21, 11-40.
67. Nelson, C.S., Hancock, G.E. and Kamp, P.J.J. (1982) Shelf to basin, temperate skeletal carbonate sediments, Three Kings Plateau, New Zealand. J. Sed. Petrol., 52, 717-732.
68. Nelson, C.S., Freiwald, A., Titschack, J. and List, S. (2001) Lithostratigraphy and sequence architecture of temperate mixed siliciclastic-carbonate facies in a new Plio-Pleistocene section at Plimiri, Rhodes Island (Greece). Dept Earth Sci. Univ. Waikato, Occasional Rep., 25, 1-50.
69. Nielsen, J.K., Hanken, N.-M., Nielsen, J.K. and Hansen, K.S. (2006) Biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the marine Pleistocene of Rhodes, Greece: Scleractinia, Serpulidae, Mollusca and Brachiopoda. Bull. Geosci., 81, 173-196.
70. Paskoff, R. and Sanlaville, P. (1986) Oscillations climatiques en Tunisie littorale depuis le dernier interglaciaire jusqu'au début de l'Holocène. Bull. Assoc. Fr. étude Quatern., 23, 78-83.
71. Pedley, H.M. (1978) A new lithostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the coralline limestone formations (Miocene) of the Maltese Islands. Overseas Geol. Min. Resour., 54, 1-17.
72. Pedley, H.M. (1979) Miocene bioherms and associated structures in the Upper Coralline Limestone of the Maltese Islands: Their lithification and palaeoenvironment. Sedimentology, 26, 577-591.
73. Pedley, M. and Grasso, M. (2002) Lithofacies modelling and sequence stratigraphy in microtidal cool-water carbonates: A case study from the Pleistocene of Sicily, Italy. Sedimentology, 49, 533-553.
74. Peirano, A., Morri, C and Bianchi, C.N., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R. (2001) Biomass, carbonate standing stock and production of the Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa (L.). Facies, 44, 75-80.
75. Peirano, A., Morri, C., Bianchi, C.N., Aguirre, J., Antonioli, F., Calzetta, G., Carobene, L., Mastronuzzi, G. and Orrù, P. (2004) The Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa: A proxy for past climate fluctuations? Global Planet. Sci., 40, 195-200.
76. Pérès, J.M. and Picard, J. (1964) Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la Mer Méditerranée. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, Bulletin 31(47), 137 pp.
77. Pirazzoli, P.A., Montaggioni, L.F., Saliège, J.F., Segonzac, G., Thommeret, Y. and Vergnaud-Grazzini, C. (1989) Crustal block movements from Holocene shorelines: Rhodes Island (Greece). Tectonophysics, 170, 89-114.
78. Pomar, L. (1995) High-resolution sequence stratigraphy: Some concepts and applications from eastern Spain. In: Carbonate Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy: Practical Applications of Carbonate Models (Eds P.H. Pauséand M.P. Candelaria), PBS-SEPM Publ., 5-95, 251-255.
79. Pomar, L. (2001) Types of carbonate platforms: A genetic approach. Basin Res., 13, 313-334.
80. Poppe, G.T. and Goto, Y. (1991) European Seashells, Vol. 1. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp.
81. Rasser, M.W. (2000) Coralline red algal limestones of the Late Eocene Alpine Foreland Basin in upper Austria: Component analysis, facies and palecology. Facies, 42, 59-92.
82. Rasser, M.W. and Piller, W.E. (2004) Crustose algal frameworks from the Eocene Alpine Foreland. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 206, 21-39.
83. Robinson, S.A., Black, S., Sellwood, B.W. and Valdes, P.J. (2006) A review of palaeoclimates and palaeoenvironments in the Levant and Eastern Mediterranean from 25,000 to 5000 years BP: Setting the environmental background for the evolution of human civilisation. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 25, 1517-1541.
84. Ros, J.D., Romero, J., Ballesteros, E. and Gili, J.M. (1985) Diving in Blue Water. The Benthos, 233-295 pp.
85. Sartoretto, S., Verlaque, M. and Laborel, J. (1996) Age of settlement and accumulation rate of submarine 'coralligène' (-10 to -60 m) of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea; relation to Holocene rise in sea level. Mar. Geol., 130, 317-331.
86. Schellmann, G. and Radtke, U. (1999) Problems encountered in the determination of dose and dose rate in ESR dating of mollusc shells. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 18, 1515-1527.
87. Schellmann, G. and Radtke, U. (2000) ESR dating stratigraphically well-constrained marine terraces along the Patagonian Atlantic coast (Argentina). Quatern. Int., 68-71, 261-273.
88. Schellmann, G. and Radtke, U. (2004) A revised morpho- and chronostratigraphy of the Late and Middle Pleistocene coral reef terraces on Southern Barbardos (West Indies). Earth-Sci. Rev., 64, 157-187.
89. Schlager, W. (2005) Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy. Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, 8. (SEPM) Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK, USA, 200 pp.
90. Sherman, C.E., Glenn, C.R., Jones, A.T., Burnett, W.C. and Schwarcz, H.P. (1993) New evidence for two highstands of the sea during the last interglacial, oxygen isotope substage 5e. Geology, 21, 1079-1082.
91. Simone, L. and Carannante, G. (1988) The fate of foramol ('temperate-type') carbonate platforms. Sed. Geol., 60, 347-354.
92. Sivan, D. and Porat, N. (2004) Evidence from luminescence for Late Pleistocene formation of calcareous aeolianite (kurkar) and paleosol (hamra) in the Carmel Coast, Israel. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 211, 95-106.
93. Sivan, D., Gvirtzman, G. and Sass, E. (1999) Quaternary stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Galilee Coastal Plain, Israel. Quatern. Res., 51, 280-294.
94. Skene, K.I., Piper, D.J.W., Aksu, A.E. and Syvitski, J.P.M. (1998) Evaluation of the global oxygen isotope curve as a proxy for Quaternary sea level by modelling of delta progradation. J. Sed. Res., 68, 1077-1092.
95. Steinthorsdottir, M., Lidgard, S. and Håkansson, E. (2006) Reconstructing palaeoenvironments in a Pliocene-Pleistocene Mediterranean microbasin. Facies, 52, 361-380.
96. Studencki, W. (1979) Sedimentation of algal limestones from Busko-Spa Environs (Middle Miocene, central Poland). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 27, 155-165.
97. Titschack, J. and Freiwald, A. (2005) Growth, deposition, and facies of Pleistocene bathyal coral communities from Rhodes, Greece. In: Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems (Eds A. Freiwald and J.M. Roberts), Erlangen Earth Conference Series, 1, 41-59. Springer, Berlin.
98. Titschack, J., Bromley, R.G. and Freiwald, A. (2005) Plio-Pleistocene cliff-bound, wedge-shaped, warm-temperate carbonate deposits from Rhodes (Greece): Sedimentology and facies. Sed. Geol., 180, 29-56.
99. Vecsei, A. and Sanders, D.G.K. (1999) Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy of a Miocene warm-temperate carbonate ramp, Montagna della Maiella, Italy. Sed. Geol., 123, 103-127.
100. Vergnaud Grazzini, C., Devaux, M. and Znaidi, J. (1986) Stable isotope 'anomalies' in Mediterranean Pleistocene records. Mar. Micropaleontol., 10, 35-69.
101. Yaalon, D.H. (1967) Factors affecting the lithification of eolianite and interpretation of its environmental significance in the Coastal Plain of Israel. J. Sed. Petrol., 37, 1189-1199.
102. Zecchin, M., Nalin, R. and Roda, C. (2004) Raised Pleistocene marine terraces of the Crotone peninsula (Calabria, southern Italy): Facies analysis and organization of their deposits. Sed. Geol., 172, 165-185.