메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 468-475

Application of infrared thermography as an indicator of heat and methane production and its use in the study of skin temperature in response to physiological events in dairy cattle (Bos taurus)

Author keywords

Calorimetry; Feed efficiency; Greenhouse gases; Heat increment of feeding; Holstein; Indirect heat production; Infrared imaging; Ruminant

Indexed keywords

METHANE;

EID: 56249134515     PISSN: 03064565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.09.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (150)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0021473622 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lactation on diurnal temperature patterns of dairy cattle in hot environments
    • Araki C.T., Nakamura R.M., Kam L.W.G., and Clarke N. Effect of lactation on diurnal temperature patterns of dairy cattle in hot environments. J. Dairy Sci. 67 (1983) 1752-1760
    • (1983) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1752-1760
    • Araki, C.T.1    Nakamura, R.M.2    Kam, L.W.G.3    Clarke, N.4
  • 2
    • 0026260311 scopus 로고
    • Heat transfer properties of dry and wet furs of dairy cows
    • Arkin H., Kimmel E., Berman A., and Broday D. Heat transfer properties of dry and wet furs of dairy cows. Trans. ASAE 34 (1991) 2550-2558
    • (1991) Trans. ASAE , vol.34 , pp. 2550-2558
    • Arkin, H.1    Kimmel, E.2    Berman, A.3    Broday, D.4
  • 3
    • 2342445658 scopus 로고
    • Relationships of coat color, body surface temperature and respiration rate in feedlot steers
    • Arp S.C., Owens F.N., Armbruster S.L., and Laudert S. Relationships of coat color, body surface temperature and respiration rate in feedlot steers. Anim. Sci. Res. Rep. 114 (1983) 82-86
    • (1983) Anim. Sci. Res. Rep. , vol.114 , pp. 82-86
    • Arp, S.C.1    Owens, F.N.2    Armbruster, S.L.3    Laudert, S.4
  • 6
    • 0022083495 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional requirements and economics of lowering feed costs
    • Bath D.L. Nutritional requirements and economics of lowering feed costs. J. Dairy Sci. 68 (1985) 1579-1584
    • (1985) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 1579-1584
    • Bath, D.L.1
  • 7
    • 0017069729 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of blood flow between individual muscles and non-muscular tissues in the hind limb of the young ox (Bos taurus): values at thermoneutrality and during exposure to cold
    • Bell A.W., Hilditch T.E., Horton P.W., and Thompson G.E. The distribution of blood flow between individual muscles and non-muscular tissues in the hind limb of the young ox (Bos taurus): values at thermoneutrality and during exposure to cold. J. Physiol. 257 (1976) 229-243
    • (1976) J. Physiol. , vol.257 , pp. 229-243
    • Bell, A.W.1    Hilditch, T.E.2    Horton, P.W.3    Thompson, G.E.4
  • 8
    • 0001677717 scopus 로고
    • Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing
    • Benjamini Y., and Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. B. 57 (1995) 289-300
    • (1995) J. R. Stat. Soc. B. , vol.57 , pp. 289-300
    • Benjamini, Y.1    Hochberg, Y.2
  • 9
    • 1642344750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily variation in the udder surface temperature of dairy cows measured by infrared thermography: Potential for mastitis detection
    • Berry R.J., Kennedy A.D., Scott S.L., Kyle B.L., and Schaefer A.L. Daily variation in the udder surface temperature of dairy cows measured by infrared thermography: Potential for mastitis detection. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (2003) 687-693
    • (2003) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.83 , pp. 687-693
    • Berry, R.J.1    Kennedy, A.D.2    Scott, S.L.3    Kyle, B.L.4    Schaefer, A.L.5
  • 10
    • 3142529147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energy content of wet corn distillers grains for lactating dairy cows
    • Birkelo C.P., Brouk M.J., and Schingoethe D.J. The energy content of wet corn distillers grains for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (2004) 1815-1819
    • (2004) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.87 , pp. 1815-1819
    • Birkelo, C.P.1    Brouk, M.J.2    Schingoethe, D.J.3
  • 11
    • 0021436438 scopus 로고
    • Circadian and ultradian temperature rhythms of lactating dairy cows
    • Bitman J., Lefcourt A., Wood D.L., and Stroud B. Circadian and ultradian temperature rhythms of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 67 (1983) 1014-1023
    • (1983) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1014-1023
    • Bitman, J.1    Lefcourt, A.2    Wood, D.L.3    Stroud, B.4
  • 12
    • 0021436438 scopus 로고
    • Circadian and ultradian temperature rhythms of lactating dairy cows
    • Bitman J., Lefcourt A., Wood D.L., and Stroud B. Circadian and ultradian temperature rhythms of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 67 (1984) 1014-1023
    • (1984) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1014-1023
    • Bitman, J.1    Lefcourt, A.2    Wood, D.L.3    Stroud, B.4
  • 13
    • 0028593025 scopus 로고
    • Heat stress in cattle and the effect of shade on production and behaviour: a review
    • Blackshaw J.K., and Blackshaw A.W. Heat stress in cattle and the effect of shade on production and behaviour: a review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 34 (1994) 285-295
    • (1994) Aust. J. Exp. Agric. , vol.34 , pp. 285-295
    • Blackshaw, J.K.1    Blackshaw, A.W.2
  • 17
    • 34247258395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, carcass quality, and protein and energy metabolism in beef cattle with different growth potentials and residual feed intakes
    • Castro Bulle F.C., Paulino P.V., Sanches A.C., and Sainz R.D. Growth, carcass quality, and protein and energy metabolism in beef cattle with different growth potentials and residual feed intakes. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (2007) 928-936
    • (2007) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.85 , pp. 928-936
    • Castro Bulle, F.C.1    Paulino, P.V.2    Sanches, A.C.3    Sainz, R.D.4
  • 18
    • 85010250123 scopus 로고
    • Effect of drinking-water temperature upon ruminant digestion, intraruminal temperature, and water consumption of nonlactating dairy cows
    • Cunningham M.D., Martz F.A., and Merilan C.P. Effect of drinking-water temperature upon ruminant digestion, intraruminal temperature, and water consumption of nonlactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 47 (1964) 382-385
    • (1964) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 382-385
    • Cunningham, M.D.1    Martz, F.A.2    Merilan, C.P.3
  • 19
    • 0032942445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrared thermographic calorimetry applied to preterm infants under radiant warmers
    • Ek J.R., Bell E.F., Nelson R.A., and Radhi M.A. Infrared thermographic calorimetry applied to preterm infants under radiant warmers. J. Therm. Biol. 24 (1999) 97-103
    • (1999) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 97-103
    • Ek, J.R.1    Bell, E.F.2    Nelson, R.A.3    Radhi, M.A.4
  • 20
    • 34948857038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, RM, Italy
    • FAO. Livestock's Long Shadow-Environmental Issues and Options (2006), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, RM, Italy
    • (2006) Livestock's Long Shadow-Environmental Issues and Options
  • 21
    • 0022124240 scopus 로고
    • Cow type and the nutritional environment: nutritional aspects
    • Ferrell C.L., and Jenkins T.G. Cow type and the nutritional environment: nutritional aspects. J. Anim. Sci. 61 (1985) 725-741
    • (1985) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 725-741
    • Ferrell, C.L.1    Jenkins, T.G.2
  • 22
    • 0344018255 scopus 로고
    • Brain temperature as a factor in the control of thermal polypnoea in the ox (Bos taurus)
    • Findlay J.D., and Ingram D.L. Brain temperature as a factor in the control of thermal polypnoea in the ox (Bos taurus). J. Physiol. 155 (1961) 72-85
    • (1961) J. Physiol. , vol.155 , pp. 72-85
    • Findlay, J.D.1    Ingram, D.L.2
  • 24
    • 0022271057 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms involved in the adrenalin-induced blockade of milk ejection in dairy cattle
    • Gorewit R.C., and Aromando M.C. Mechanisms involved in the adrenalin-induced blockade of milk ejection in dairy cattle. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 180 (1985) 340-347
    • (1985) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.180 , pp. 340-347
    • Gorewit, R.C.1    Aromando, M.C.2
  • 25
    • 0003024488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic responses of cattle to thermal heat loads
    • Hahn G.L. Dynamic responses of cattle to thermal heat loads. J. Anim. Sci. 77 Suppl. 2 (1999) 10-20
    • (1999) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.77 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 10-20
    • Hahn, G.L.1
  • 26
    • 0001636091 scopus 로고
    • The technique of measuring radiation and convection
    • Hardy J.D., and Du Bois E.F. The technique of measuring radiation and convection. J. Nutr. 15 (1938) 461-475
    • (1938) J. Nutr. , vol.15 , pp. 461-475
    • Hardy, J.D.1    Du Bois, E.F.2
  • 27
    • 34249857891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cattle selected for lower residual feed intake have reduced daily methane production
    • Hegarty R.S., Goopy J.P., Herd R.M., and McCorkell B. Cattle selected for lower residual feed intake have reduced daily methane production. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (2007) 1479-1486
    • (2007) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.85 , pp. 1479-1486
    • Hegarty, R.S.1    Goopy, J.P.2    Herd, R.M.3    McCorkell, B.4
  • 29
    • 3042786484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological basis for variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle. 1: review of potential mechanisms
    • Herd R.M., Oddy V.H., and Richardson E.C. Biological basis for variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle. 1: review of potential mechanisms. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 44 (2004) 423-430
    • (2004) Aust. J. Exp. Agric. , vol.44 , pp. 423-430
    • Herd, R.M.1    Oddy, V.H.2    Richardson, E.C.3
  • 30
    • 0016655735 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors affecting skin temperatures
    • Houdas Y., and Guieu J. Environmental factors affecting skin temperatures. Bibl. Radiol. 6 (1975) 157-165
    • (1975) Bibl. Radiol. , vol.6 , pp. 157-165
    • Houdas, Y.1    Guieu, J.2
  • 31
    • 0022154366 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of skin temperature differentials in relation to estrus in dairy cattle using a thermal infrared scanning technique
    • Hurnik J.F., Webster A.B., and DeBoer S. An investigation of skin temperature differentials in relation to estrus in dairy cattle using a thermal infrared scanning technique. J. Anim. Sci. 61 (1985) 1095-1102
    • (1985) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 1095-1102
    • Hurnik, J.F.1    Webster, A.B.2    DeBoer, S.3
  • 32
    • 56249126413 scopus 로고
    • The effects of variations in respiratory activity and in the skin temperatures of the ears on temperature of the blood in the external jugular vein of the ox (Bos taurus)
    • Ingram D.L., and Whittow G.C. The effects of variations in respiratory activity and in the skin temperatures of the ears on temperature of the blood in the external jugular vein of the ox (Bos taurus). J. Physiol. 163 (1962) 211-221
    • (1962) J. Physiol. , vol.163 , pp. 211-221
    • Ingram, D.L.1    Whittow, G.C.2
  • 33
    • 0014982374 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord and hypothalamus as core sensors of temperature in the conscious dog. I: equivalence of responses
    • Jensen C., and Mayer E.T. Spinal cord and hypothalamus as core sensors of temperature in the conscious dog. I: equivalence of responses. Pflügers Arch. 324 (1971) 189-204
    • (1971) Pflügers Arch. , vol.324 , pp. 189-204
    • Jensen, C.1    Mayer, E.T.2
  • 34
    • 0029663075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of animal methane emissions
    • Johnson D.E., and Ward G.M. Estimates of animal methane emissions. Environ. Monit. Assess. 42 (1996) 133-141
    • (1996) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.42 , pp. 133-141
    • Johnson, D.E.1    Ward, G.M.2
  • 37
    • 56249107761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kliber, H.H., Johnson, H.D., Hahn, L., Shanklin, M.D., 1970. Thermal regulation in cattle at 2° to 35° as influenced by controlled feeding, ad libitum feeding and fasting. Mon. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 975.
    • Kliber, H.H., Johnson, H.D., Hahn, L., Shanklin, M.D., 1970. Thermal regulation in cattle at 2° to 35° as influenced by controlled feeding, ad libitum feeding and fasting. Mon. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 975.
  • 38
    • 0001154373 scopus 로고
    • An infrared thermographic study of surface temperature in relation to external thermal stress in three species of foxes: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Artic fox (Alopex lagopus), and kit fox (Vulpes macrotis)
    • Klir J.J., and Heath J.E. An infrared thermographic study of surface temperature in relation to external thermal stress in three species of foxes: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Artic fox (Alopex lagopus), and kit fox (Vulpes macrotis). Physiol. Zool. 65 (1992) 1011-1021
    • (1992) Physiol. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 1011-1021
    • Klir, J.J.1    Heath, J.E.2
  • 40
    • 34447569190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between the coat temperature of the eland and dairy cattle by infrared thermography
    • Kotrba R., Knížková I., Kunc P., and Bartoš L. Comparison between the coat temperature of the eland and dairy cattle by infrared thermography. J. Therm. Biol. 32 (2007) 355-359
    • (2007) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.32 , pp. 355-359
    • Kotrba, R.1    Knížková, I.2    Kunc, P.3    Bartoš, L.4
  • 41
    • 55849126635 scopus 로고
    • Relations between temperature changes in the rumen and roughage intake of dairy cows
    • Laue H.J., and Petersen U. Relations between temperature changes in the rumen and roughage intake of dairy cows. Züchtungskunde 63 (1991) 282-293
    • (1991) Züchtungskunde , vol.63 , pp. 282-293
    • Laue, H.J.1    Petersen, U.2
  • 42
    • 0030279199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotelemetry measurement of body temperatures of feedlot steers during summer
    • Lefcourt A.M., and Adams W.R. Radiotelemetry measurement of body temperatures of feedlot steers during summer. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (1996) 2633-2640
    • (1996) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 2633-2640
    • Lefcourt, A.M.1    Adams, W.R.2
  • 43
    • 0032111654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotelemetric measurement of body temperature in feedlot steers during winter
    • Lefcourt A.M., and Adams W.R. Radiotelemetric measurement of body temperature in feedlot steers during winter. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (1998) 1830-1837
    • (1998) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 1830-1837
    • Lefcourt, A.M.1    Adams, W.R.2
  • 44
    • 0034882735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane production by sheep in relation to temporal changes in grazing behaviour
    • Lockyer D.R., and Champion R.A. Methane production by sheep in relation to temporal changes in grazing behaviour. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 86 (2001) 237-246
    • (2001) Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , vol.86 , pp. 237-246
    • Lockyer, D.R.1    Champion, R.A.2
  • 45
    • 0015333486 scopus 로고
    • On the calculation of heat production from open-circuit calorimetric measurements
    • McLean J.A. On the calculation of heat production from open-circuit calorimetric measurements. Br. J. Nutr. 27 (1972) 597-600
    • (1972) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.27 , pp. 597-600
    • McLean, J.A.1
  • 46
    • 56249111380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montanholi, Y.R., Schenkel, F.S., Miller, S.P., Swanson, K.C., Mandell, I.B., 2006. Infrared images taken in beef cows: repeatability of the measurements. In: Proceeding of the Eighth World Congress on Genetic Applied to Livestock Production, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, CD room.
    • Montanholi, Y.R., Schenkel, F.S., Miller, S.P., Swanson, K.C., Mandell, I.B., 2006. Infrared images taken in beef cows: repeatability of the measurements. In: Proceeding of the Eighth World Congress on Genetic Applied to Livestock Production, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, CD room.
  • 47
    • 56249089017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montanholi, Y.R., Swanson, K.C., Miller, S.P., Palme, R., Schenkel, F.S., 2007. Relationships between residual feed intake and infrared thermography and glucocorticoid levels in feedlot steers from three different sire breeds. In: Proceedings of the Canadian Nutrition Congress, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, p. 36.
    • Montanholi, Y.R., Swanson, K.C., Miller, S.P., Palme, R., Schenkel, F.S., 2007. Relationships between residual feed intake and infrared thermography and glucocorticoid levels in feedlot steers from three different sire breeds. In: Proceedings of the Canadian Nutrition Congress, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, p. 36.
  • 48
    • 0033508065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of systems for measuring methane emissions from sheep
    • Murray P.J., Moss A., Lockyer D.R., and Jarvis S. A comparison of systems for measuring methane emissions from sheep. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 133 (1999) 439-444
    • (1999) J. Agric. Sci. Camb. , vol.133 , pp. 439-444
    • Murray, P.J.1    Moss, A.2    Lockyer, D.R.3    Jarvis, S.4
  • 49
    • 33745367377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships of feedlot feed efficiency, performance, and feeding behavior with metabolic rate, methane production, and energy partitioning in beef cattle
    • Nkrumah J.D., Okine E.K., Mathison G.W., Schmid K., Li C., Basarab J.A., Price M.A., Wang Z., and Moore S.S. Relationships of feedlot feed efficiency, performance, and feeding behavior with metabolic rate, methane production, and energy partitioning in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2006) 145-153
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 145-153
    • Nkrumah, J.D.1    Okine, E.K.2    Mathison, G.W.3    Schmid, K.4    Li, C.5    Basarab, J.A.6    Price, M.A.7    Wang, Z.8    Moore, S.S.9
  • 51
    • 56249146743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data capture: development of a mobile open-circuit ventilated hood system for measuring real-time gaseous exchange in cattle
    • France J., and Kebreab E. (Eds), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK
    • Odongo N.E., AlZahal O., Las J.E., Kramer A., Kerrigan B., Kebreab E., France J., and McBride B.W. Data capture: development of a mobile open-circuit ventilated hood system for measuring real-time gaseous exchange in cattle. In: France J., and Kebreab E. (Eds). Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition (2008), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK 225-240
    • (2008) Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition , pp. 225-240
    • Odongo, N.E.1    AlZahal, O.2    Las, J.E.3    Kramer, A.4    Kerrigan, B.5    Kebreab, E.6    France, J.7    McBride, B.W.8
  • 52
    • 0000464341 scopus 로고
    • An infrared, thermographic study of the surface temperature in three ratites: ostrich, emu and double-wattled cassowary
    • Phillips P.K., and Sanborn A.F. An infrared, thermographic study of the surface temperature in three ratites: ostrich, emu and double-wattled cassowary. J. Therm. Biol. 19 (1994) 423-430
    • (1994) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 423-430
    • Phillips, P.K.1    Sanborn, A.F.2
  • 53
    • 33748761434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between residual feed intake and feed intake behavior in group-housed Duroc barrows
    • Rauw W.M., Soler J., Tibau J., Reixach J., and Gomez Raya L. The relationship between residual feed intake and feed intake behavior in group-housed Duroc barrows. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2006) 956-962
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 956-962
    • Rauw, W.M.1    Soler, J.2    Tibau, J.3    Reixach, J.4    Gomez Raya, L.5
  • 54
    • 0346807716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of energy metabolism
    • Theodoru M.K., and France J. (Eds), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK
    • Reynolds C.K. Measurement of energy metabolism. In: Theodoru M.K., and France J. (Eds). Feeding Systems and Feed Evaluation Models (1999), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK
    • (1999) Feeding Systems and Feed Evaluation Models
    • Reynolds, C.K.1
  • 55
    • 0024998828 scopus 로고
    • Skin-surface temperature gradients correlate with fingertip blood flow in humans
    • Rubinstein E.H., and Sessler D.I. Skin-surface temperature gradients correlate with fingertip blood flow in humans. Anesthesiology 73 (1990) 541-545
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.73 , pp. 541-545
    • Rubinstein, E.H.1    Sessler, D.I.2
  • 56
    • 0032013412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane output and lactation response in Holstein cattle with monensin or unsaturated fat added to the diet
    • Sauer F.D., Fellner V., Kinsman R., Kramer J.K.G., Jackson H.A., Lee A.J., and Chen S. Methane output and lactation response in Holstein cattle with monensin or unsaturated fat added to the diet. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (1998) 906-914
    • (1998) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 906-914
    • Sauer, F.D.1    Fellner, V.2    Kinsman, R.3    Kramer, J.K.G.4    Jackson, H.A.5    Lee, A.J.6    Chen, S.7
  • 59
    • 4344668732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic parameters and breed differences for feed efficiency, growth, and body composition traits of young beef bulls
    • Schenkel F.S., Miller S.P., and Wilton J.W. Genetic parameters and breed differences for feed efficiency, growth, and body composition traits of young beef bulls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2004) 177-185
    • (2004) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 177-185
    • Schenkel, F.S.1    Miller, S.P.2    Wilton, J.W.3
  • 60
    • 0013818207 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal temperature patterns in unrestrained cows
    • Simmons K.R., Dracy A.E., and Essler W.O. Diurnal temperature patterns in unrestrained cows. J. Dairy Sci. 48 (1965) 1490-1493
    • (1965) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1490-1493
    • Simmons, K.R.1    Dracy, A.E.2    Essler, W.O.3
  • 61
    • 56249123338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors regulating feed efficiency and nutrient utilization in beef cattle
    • France J., and Kebreab E. (Eds), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK
    • Swanson K.C., and Miller S.P. Factors regulating feed efficiency and nutrient utilization in beef cattle. In: France J., and Kebreab E. (Eds). Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition (2008), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK 419-444
    • (2008) Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition , pp. 419-444
    • Swanson, K.C.1    Miller, S.P.2
  • 62
    • 4744362911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulation in normal sleep and insomnia: the role of peripheral heat loss and new applications for digital thermal infrared imaging (DITI)
    • van den Heuvel C.J., Ferguson S.A., Gilbert S.S., and Dawson D. Thermoregulation in normal sleep and insomnia: the role of peripheral heat loss and new applications for digital thermal infrared imaging (DITI). J. Therm. Biol. 29 (2004) 457-461
    • (2004) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 457-461
    • van den Heuvel, C.J.1    Ferguson, S.A.2    Gilbert, S.S.3    Dawson, D.4
  • 63
    • 0002430449 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cold environments on the energy exchanges of young beef cattle
    • Webster A.J.F., Chlumecky J., and Young B.A. Effects of cold environments on the energy exchanges of young beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 50 (1970) 89-100
    • (1970) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 89-100
    • Webster, A.J.F.1    Chlumecky, J.2    Young, B.A.3
  • 64
    • 0043101783 scopus 로고
    • The significance of the extremities of the ox (Bos taurus) in thermoregulation
    • Whittow G.C. The significance of the extremities of the ox (Bos taurus) in thermoregulation. J. Agric. Sci. 58 (1962) 109-120
    • (1962) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 109-120
    • Whittow, G.C.1
  • 65
    • 0000588060 scopus 로고
    • Body temperature variations in dairy cattle during the estrous cycle and pregnancy
    • Wreen T.R., Bitman J., and Sykes J.F. Body temperature variations in dairy cattle during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. J. Dairy Sci. 41 (1958) 1071-1076
    • (1958) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 1071-1076
    • Wreen, T.R.1    Bitman, J.2    Sykes, J.F.3
  • 66
    • 0016811530 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-induced changes in metabolism and body weight of cattle (Bos taurus)
    • Young B.A. Temperature-induced changes in metabolism and body weight of cattle (Bos taurus). Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (1975) 947-953
    • (1975) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.53 , pp. 947-953
    • Young, B.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.