Humidity cell tests for the prediction of acid rock drainage

Minerals Engineering

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 25-36

  Sapsford, D J ^a   Bowell, R J ^b   Dey, M ^b   Williams, K P ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b SRK CONSULTING   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Acid rock drainage; Environmental; Oxidation; Pollution; Sulfide ores

Indexed keywords

ACIDS; EROSION; FORECASTING; METEOROLOGY; MINERALS; MOISTURE; ORES; ROCKS; SOIL MECHANICS; SULFIDE MINERALS; SULFUR; TESTING;

ACCELERATED WEATHERINGS; ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; ACID ROCKS; CELL DATUMS; CELL TESTS; ENVIRONMENTAL; GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; IRELAND; RELEASE RATES; SULFIDE ORES; WEATHERING RATES;

WEATHERING;

EID: 56249128972     PISSN: 08926875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2008.03.008     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Al T.A., Martin C.J., and Blowes D.W. Carbonate-mineral/water interactions in sulphide-rich mine tailings. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64 23 (2000) 3933-3948
2. Alpers, C.N., Blowes, D.W., Nordstrom, D.K., Jambor, J.L., 1994. Secondary minerals and acid mine-water chemistry. In: Jambor, J.L., Blowes, D.W., (Eds.), Short Course Handbook on Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Mine-Wastes. Mineralogical Association of Canada, pp. 247-270.
3. ASTM, 1996. Standard test method for accelerated weathering of solid materials using a modified humidity cell: American Society for Testing and Materials (), D 5744-96 (2001), p. 13 (reapproved 2001).
4. Bennett J.W., Comarmond M.J., and Jeffery J.J. Comparison of Oxidation Rates Of Sulfidic Mine Wastes Measured In The Laboratory And Field (2000), Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research, Brisbane
5. Bowell R.J. Hydrogeochemical dynamics of Pit Lakes. In: Younger P.L., and Robins N. (Eds). Mine Water Hydrogeology and Geochemistry 198 (2002), Geol Soc of London 159-185
6. Bowell R.J., and Parshley. Mineralogical controls on Pit Lake geochemistry, summer Camp Pit, Nevada. Chemical Geology 215 (2005) 373-385
7. Bowell R.J., Connelly R.J., Dodds J.E., Sadler P.J.K., and Williams K.P. Chemical containment of mining waste. In: Metcalfe R., and Rochelle C. (Eds). Chemical Containment of Waste in the Geosphere vol. 157 (1999), Geol Soc of London 213-240
8. Bowell, R.J., Dey, M., Griffiths, L., Rees, S.B., Williams, K.P., 1999b. Geochemical assessment of waste rock: implications for disposal and treatment. In: Proceedings of the 20th Mine Water Conference, Seville, pp. 519-524.
9. Bowell R.J., Rees S.B., and Parshley J.V. Geochemical predictions of metal leaching and acid generation: geologic controls and baseline assessment. Proceedings of the Great Basin and Beyond. vol. II (2000), Geol Soc of Nevada, Reno 799-823
10. Bowell, R.J., Sapsford, D.J., Dey, M., Williams, K.P., 2006. Protocols affecting the reactivity of mine waste during laboratory based-kinetic tests. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage. St. Louis, pp. 247-270.
11. 2) by using electrochemical techniques. International Journal of Mineral Processing 62 (2001) 41-64
12. Cruz R., Mendez B.A., Monroy M., and González I. Cyclic voltammetry applied to evaluate reactivity in sulphide mining residues. Applied Geochemistry 16 (2001) 1613-1640
13. Dagenais, P.J., Poling, G.W., 1997. An investigation into the geochemical history of a waste rock dump and its effect on water quality of the flooded open pit at Island copper mine, Port Hardy, British Columbia. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage. Sage, pp. 1709-1726.
14. Environmental Geochemistry International (EGi), 2002. Net acid generation (NAG) test procedures. Unpublished report for BHP Billiton, p. 6.
15. Frostad S., Klein B., and Lawrence R.W. Evaluation of laboratory kinetic test methods for measuring rates of weathering. Mine Water and the Environment 21 (2002) 183-192
16. Ganor J., Roueff E., Erel Y., and Blum J.D. The dissolution kinetics of a granite and its minerals - implications for comparison between laboratory and field dissolution rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 3 (2005) 607-621
17. Hall G.E.M. A review of selective extraction procedures. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 67 (1999) 1-18
18. Hollongs P., Hendry M.J., Nicholson R.V., and Kirkland R.A. Quantification of oxygen consumption and sulphate release rates for waste rock piles using kinetic cells: Cluff lake, Uranium mine, northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Applied Geochemistry 16 (2001) 1215-1230
19. Lapakko K.A., Haub J., and Antonson D.A. Effects of dissolution time and particle size on kinetic test results. Proceedings of the 1998 SME Annual Meeting and Exhibition (1998), Orlando, Florida 98-114
20. Lapakko K.A. Developments in humidity-cell tests and their application. In: Jambour J.L., Blowes D.W., and Ritchie A.I.M. (Eds). Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes: Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series (2003), Economic Geology Publishing Company 147-164
21. Lapakko, K.A., White III, W.W., 2000. Modification of the ASTM 5744-96 kinetic test. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage. SME, Littleton, CO, pp. 631-639.
22. Lawrence, R.E., 1990. Laboratory procedures for the prediction of long term weathering characteristics of mining wastes. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Acid Mine Drainage; Annual Meeting Geological Assoc. Canada and Mineralogical Assoc., VCH, Canada.
23. Lawrence, R.W., Poling, G.P., Marchant, P.B., 1989. Investigation of predictive techniques for acid mine drainage. MEND Report, 1.16.1a, Energy Mines and Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
24. Lefebvre R., Hockley D., Smolensky J., and Gélinas P. Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1: conceptual model and system characterisation. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 52 (2001) 137-164
25. Lowson R. Aqueous oxidation of pyrite by molecular oxygen. Chemical Reviews 82 5 (1982) 461-497
26. Luther III G.W. Pyrite oxidation and reduction: molecular orbital theory considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51 (1987) 3193-3199
27. Malmstrom M.E., Destouni G., Banwart S.A., and Strömberg B.H.E. Resolving the scale-dependence of mineral weathering rates. Environmental Science and Technology 34 7 (2000) 1375-1378
28. McKibben M.A., and Barnes H.L. Oxidation of pyrite in low temperature acidic solutions: rate laws and surface textures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50 (1986) 1509-1520
29. Miller, S., Robertson, A., Donohue, T., 1997. Advances in acid drainage prediction using NAG test. In: Proceedings of the International Conference of Acid Rock Drainage, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 535-549.
30. Morin K.A., and Hutt N.M. Environmental Geochemistry of Minesite Drainage: Practical Theory and Case Studies (1997), MDAG Publishing, Vancouver, Canada
31. Morin, K.A. Hutt, N.M., 1998. Kinetic tests and risk assessment for ARD. In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual British Columbia Metal Leaching and ARD Workshop. Vancouver, Canada.
32. Morin, K.A., Hutt, N.M., 1999. Humidity cells: how many? How long? In: Proceedings of the Mining and the Environment II Conference Sudbury '99. Sudbury, Canada, pp. 109-117.
33. Moses C.O., Nordstrom K.K., Herman J.S., and Mills A.L. Aqueous pyrite oxidation by dissolved oxygen and by ferric iron. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51 (1987) 1561-1571
34. Nicholson R.V., Gillham R.W., and Reardon E.J. Pyrite oxidation in carbonate-buffered solution: 2. Rate control by oxide coatings. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54 (1990) 395-402
35. Nordstrom, D.K., Alpers, C.N., 1999. Geochemistry of acid mine waters. In: Plumlee, G.S., Logsdon, M.J. (Eds.), The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, pp. 133-160.
36. Paredes, A., 1995. Prediction and treatment of acid mine drainage Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis, Cardiff University, School of Engineering.
37. Parkhurst, D.L., 1995. PHREEQC - a computer program speciation, batch-reactions, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. US Geological Survey Water resources Investigations, Report 95-4227.
38. Parkhurst, D.L., Appelo, C.A.J., 1999. User's guide to PHREEQC (version 2) - a computer program for speciation, batch-reactions, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. US Geological Survey Water resources Investigations, Report 99-4259.
39. Platt J.W. Volcanogenic mineralisation at Avoca mine, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. Volcanogenic Processes in Ore Genesis (1977), IMM and Geological Society, London 163-170
40. Price, W.A., 1997. Draft guidelines and recommended methods for the prediction of metal leaching and acid rock drainage at minesites in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Employment and Investment, Energy and Minerals Division, Smithers, BC.
41. Price, W.A., Kwong, Y.T.J., 1997. Waste rock weathering, sampling and analysis: observations from the british columbia ministry of employment and investment database. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Acid Mine Drainage. Vancouver, BC, pp. 31-45.
42. Ritchie, A.I.K., 1994. Sulphide oxidation mechanisms - controls and rates of oxygen transport. In: Alpers, C.N., Blowes, D.W. (Eds.), Environmental Geochemistry of Sulphide Oxidation, ACS Symposium Series 550, Washington DC.
43. Sand W., Gehrke T., Jozsa P.G., and Schippers A. (Bio)chemistry of bacterial leaching-direct vs. indirect bioleaching. Hydrometallurgy 59 (2001) 159-175
44. Sapsford, D.J., 2003. Generation of acid mine drainage in the laboratory: influence of experimental procedure. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Cardiff University, School of Engineering.
45. Sapsford, D.J., Williams, K.P., Bowell, R.J., 2004. Laboratory prediction of ARD. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Advances in Mineral Resources Management and Environmental Geotechnology (AMIREG), Hania, Crete, pp. 501-506.
46. Sapsford, D.J, Williams, K.P., Bowell, R.J., 2005. Predominant chemical kinetics in laboratory prediction of ARD. In: Proceedings of the 9th International mine water association congress, Oviedo, Spain, pp. 57-65.
47. Scharer, J.M., Bolduc, L., Pettit, C.M., Halbert, B.E., 2000. Limitations of acid-base accounting for predicting acid rock drainage. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Denver, Colorado, pp. 591-601.
48. Sobek, A.A, Schuller, W.A., Freeman, J.R., Smith, R.M., 1978. Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburden and minesoils. EPA 600/2-78-054.
49. Tessier A., Campbell P., and Bisson M. Sequential extraction for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical Chemistry 51 (1979) 844-845
50. Wiersma C.L., and Rimstidt J.D. Rates of reaction of pyrite and marcasite with ferric iron at pH 2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48 (1984) 85-92
51. Williamson M.A., and Rimstidt J.D. The kinetics and electrochemical rate-determining step of aqueous pyrite oxidation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58 24 (1994) 5443-5454
52. White III, W.W., Lapakko, K.A., 2000. Preliminary indications of repeatability and reproducibility of the ASTM 5744-96 kinetic test for drainage pH and sulfate release rate. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage. Denver, Colorado, pp. 621-630.