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1
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0030603535
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15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia
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Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet 1996; 347:1141-1145.
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(1996)
Lancet
, vol.347
, pp. 1141-1145
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Skoog, I.1
Lernfelt, B.2
Landahl, S.3
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2
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38449103861
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Midlife risk factors for subtypes of dementia: A nested case-control study in Taiwan
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This well performed study in Taiwan failed to confirm the effect of mid-life hypertension on the future development of dementia but did find a J-shaped relationship with BMI
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Chiang CJ, Yip PK, Wu SC, et al. Midlife risk factors for subtypes of dementia: a nested case-control study in Taiwan. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15:762-771. This well performed study in Taiwan failed to confirm the effect of mid-life hypertension on the future development of dementia but did find a J-shaped relationship with BMI.
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(2007)
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
, vol.15
, pp. 762-771
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Chiang, C.J.1
Yip, P.K.2
Wu, S.C.3
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3
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37149016808
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Reitz C, Tang MX, Manly J, et al. Hypertension and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2007; 64:1734-1740. One of the first studies to demonstrate that hypertension increases the risk of mild cognitive impairment, which may be the prodrome for dementia.
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Reitz C, Tang MX, Manly J, et al. Hypertension and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2007; 64:1734-1740. One of the first studies to demonstrate that hypertension increases the risk of mild cognitive impairment, which may be the prodrome for dementia.
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4
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35948969826
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Vascular factors predict rate of progression in Alzheimer disease
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This study demonstrated that the presence of vascular risk factors in patients with Alzheimer's disease is associated with an increased rate of progression of disease
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Mielke MM, Rosenberg PB, Tschanz J, et al. Vascular factors predict rate of progression in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2007; 69:1850-1858. This study demonstrated that the presence of vascular risk factors in patients with Alzheimer's disease is associated with an increased rate of progression of disease.
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(2007)
Neurology
, vol.69
, pp. 1850-1858
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Mielke, M.M.1
Rosenberg, P.B.2
Tschanz, J.3
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5
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34249785117
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Relation between vascular risk factors and neuropsychological test performance among elderly persons with Alzheimer's disease
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Reitz C, Patel B, Tang MX, et al. Relation between vascular risk factors and neuropsychological test performance among elderly persons with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Sci 2007; 257:194-201.
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(2007)
J Neural Sci
, vol.257
, pp. 194-201
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Reitz, C.1
Patel, B.2
Tang, M.X.3
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6
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34848891873
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Assessment of endothelial function in Alzheimer's disease: Is Alzheimer's disease a vascular disease?
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Using flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery as a measure of endothelial function, this study raises the hypothesis that vascular factors may be the primary abnormality in the development of Alzheimer's disease
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Dede DS, Yavuz B, Yavuz BB, et al. Assessment of endothelial function in Alzheimer's disease: is Alzheimer's disease a vascular disease? J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55:1613-1617. Using flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery as a measure of endothelial function, this study raises the hypothesis that vascular factors may be the primary abnormality in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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(2007)
J Am Geriatr Soc
, vol.55
, pp. 1613-1617
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Dede, D.S.1
Yavuz, B.2
Yavuz, B.B.3
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7
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33847716690
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Impaired peripheral endothelial microvascular responsiveness in Alzheimer's disease
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Using a measure of skin vessel endothelial function, this group demonstrated that abnormalities in endothelial function were present in patients with both MCI and Alzheimer's disease, implying that vascular factors may be the primary abnormality in Alzheimer's disease
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Khalil Z, LoGiudice D, Khodr B, et al. Impaired peripheral endothelial microvascular responsiveness in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2007; 11:25-32. Using a measure of skin vessel endothelial function, this group demonstrated that abnormalities in endothelial function were present in patients with both MCI and Alzheimer's disease, implying that vascular factors may be the primary abnormality in Alzheimer's disease.
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(2007)
J Alzheimers Dis
, vol.11
, pp. 25-32
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Khalil, Z.1
LoGiudice, D.2
Khodr, B.3
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8
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48249121124
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Coronary heart disease is associated with regional grey matter volume loss: Implications for cognitive function and behaviour
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In patients with cardiac disease, neuropsychological abnormalities have been assumed to be due to brain white matter abnormalities but this study found grey matter changes
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Almeida OP, Garrido GJ, Beer C, et al. Coronary heart disease is associated with regional grey matter volume loss: implications for cognitive function and behaviour. Intern Med J 2008; 38: 599-601. In patients with cardiac disease, neuropsychological abnormalities have been assumed to be due to brain white matter abnormalities but this study found grey matter changes.
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(2008)
Intern Med J
, vol.38
, pp. 599-601
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Almeida, O.P.1
Garrido, G.J.2
Beer, C.3
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9
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34547679439
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Smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
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A decade ago, it was assumed that smoking may have been protective for the onset of Alzheimer's disease. But this meta-analysis, built on previous studies, demonstrates the conclusion from prospective observational studies that smoking is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease
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Anstey KJ, von Senden C, Salim A, et al. Smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 66:367-378. A decade ago, it was assumed that smoking may have been protective for the onset of Alzheimer's disease. But this meta-analysis, built on previous studies, demonstrates the conclusion from prospective observational studies that smoking is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
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(2007)
Am J Epidemiol
, vol.66
, pp. 367-378
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Anstey, K.J.1
von Senden, C.2
Salim, A.3
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10
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39749113859
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Almeida OP, Garrido GJ, Lautenschlager NT, et al. Smoking is associated with reduced cortical regional gray matter density in brain regions associated with incipient Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 16:92-98. This very important study demonstrates that in elderly smokers without discernible cognitive changes, there are abnormalities in the grey matter of the brain almost identical to those found in people with early Alzheimer's disease. This is supportive evidence that smoking causes Alzheimer's disease.
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Almeida OP, Garrido GJ, Lautenschlager NT, et al. Smoking is associated with reduced cortical regional gray matter density in brain regions associated with incipient Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 16:92-98. This very important study demonstrates that in elderly smokers without discernible cognitive changes, there are abnormalities in the grey matter of the brain almost identical to those found in people with early Alzheimer's disease. This is supportive evidence that smoking causes Alzheimer's disease.
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11
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75349084866
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Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in the elderly
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CD000028. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000028
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Mulrow C, Lau J, Cornell J, Brand M. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1998: CD000028. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000028.
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(1998)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
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Mulrow, C.1
Lau, J.2
Cornell, J.3
Brand, M.4
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12
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85120133585
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Beckett NS, Peters R, Reicher AE, et al., HYVET Study Group. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:1887-1898. There was some concern that in very old people (over the age of 80 years), the control of hypertension may have no benefit and in fact may have deleterious consequences. This study confirmed that in well, community dwelling, older people, over the age of 80 years, there are considerable benefits from the treatment of hypertension. This evidence does not apply to frail older people.
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Beckett NS, Peters R, Reicher AE, et al., HYVET Study Group. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:1887-1898. There was some concern that in very old people (over the age of 80 years), the control of hypertension may have no benefit and in fact may have deleterious consequences. This study confirmed that in well, community dwelling, older people, over the age of 80 years, there are considerable benefits from the treatment of hypertension. This evidence does not apply to frail older people.
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13
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0037078312
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The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment
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Forette F, Seux M-L, Staessen JA, et al. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:2046-2052.
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(2002)
Arch Intern Med
, vol.162
, pp. 2046-2052
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Forette, F.1
Seux, M.-L.2
Staessen, J.A.3
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14
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74949089743
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Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia
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CD004034. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004034
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McGuinness B, Todd S, Passmore P, Bullock R. Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006: CD004034. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004034.
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(2006)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
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McGuinness, B.1
Todd, S.2
Passmore, P.3
Bullock, R.4
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15
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34347336499
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Brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensity change in older adults and relationship to blood pressure. Brain atrophy, WMH change and blood pressure
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Firbank MJ, Wiseman RM, Burton EJ, et al. Brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensity change in older adults and relationship to blood pressure. Brain atrophy, WMH change and blood pressure. J Neurol 2007; 254:713-721.
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(2007)
J Neurol
, vol.254
, pp. 713-721
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Firbank, M.J.1
Wiseman, R.M.2
Burton, E.J.3
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16
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56249142149
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Vascular factors and depression
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Epub ahead of print, This well written review provides an excellent background to the possible pathogenic mechanisms of vascular factors for the outcome of depression
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Teper E, O'Brien JT. Vascular factors and depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008 [Epub ahead of print]. This well written review provides an excellent background to the possible pathogenic mechanisms of vascular factors for the outcome of depression.
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(2008)
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry
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Teper, E.1
O'Brien, J.T.2
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17
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45849099434
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Probit structural equation regression model: General depressive symptoms predicted postmyocardial infarction mortality after controlling for somatic symptoms of depression
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This study demonstrates that depression is associated with mortality in patients with vascular disease
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Thombs BD, Ziegelstein RC, Parakh K, et al. Probit structural equation regression model: general depressive symptoms predicted postmyocardial infarction mortality after controlling for somatic symptoms of depression. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61: 832-839. This study demonstrates that depression is associated with mortality in patients with vascular disease.
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(2008)
J Clin Epidemiol
, vol.61
, pp. 832-839
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Thombs, B.D.1
Ziegelstein, R.C.2
Parakh, K.3
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18
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35248893024
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The effects of widowhood and vascular risk factors on late-life depression
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This study failed to find evidence supporting a stress-vulnerability model of depression and that vascular risk and the effect of widowhood are additive
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Holley CK, Mast BT. The effects of widowhood and vascular risk factors on late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15:690-698. This study failed to find evidence supporting a stress-vulnerability model of depression and that vascular risk and the effect of widowhood are additive.
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(2007)
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
, vol.15
, pp. 690-698
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Holley, C.K.1
Mast, B.T.2
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19
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34547687644
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Association of cardiovascular risk factors and disease with depression in later life
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This study demonstrated cross-sectional associations between cardiovascular risk factors and depression. It was able to quantify these relationships and the largest population attributable fractions were associated with elevated plasma homocysteine and triglyceride levels
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Almeida OP, Flicker L, Norman P, et al. Association of cardiovascular risk factors and disease with depression in later life. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15:506-513. This study demonstrated cross-sectional associations between cardiovascular risk factors and depression. It was able to quantify these relationships and the largest population attributable fractions were associated with elevated plasma homocysteine and triglyceride levels.
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(2007)
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
, vol.15
, pp. 506-513
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Almeida, O.P.1
Flicker, L.2
Norman, P.3
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20
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56249105268
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Almeida OP, McCaul K, Hankey GJ, et al. Is there a causal relationship between homocysteine and depression in later life? Arch Gen Psychiatry (in press). This study included several different facets. It provided a systematic review of both the observational and intervention studies, and by using the Mendelian randomization methods demonstrated that the effect of elevated homocysteine on the risk of depression is likely to be causal.
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Almeida OP, McCaul K, Hankey GJ, et al. Is there a causal relationship between homocysteine and depression in later life? Arch Gen Psychiatry (in press). This study included several different facets. It provided a systematic review of both the observational and intervention studies, and by using the Mendelian randomization methods demonstrated that the effect of elevated homocysteine on the risk of depression is likely to be causal.
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21
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38449097737
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Body mass index and depressive symptoms in older adults: The moderating roles of race, sex, and socioeconomic status
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This study demonstrated that increased BMI is associated with depression and that this interacts with race and educational attainment
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Sachs-Ericsson N, Burns AB, Gordon KH, et al. Body mass index and depressive symptoms in older adults: the moderating roles of race, sex, and socioeconomic status. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15:815-825. This study demonstrated that increased BMI is associated with depression and that this interacts with race and educational attainment.
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(2007)
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
, vol.15
, pp. 815-825
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Sachs-Ericsson, N.1
Burns, A.B.2
Gordon, K.H.3
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22
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34547665294
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Do cerebrovascular risk factors confer risk for suicide in later life? A case-control study
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This study demonstrated an increased odds of suicide associated with vascular risk factors
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Chan SS, Lyness JM, Conwell Y. Do cerebrovascular risk factors confer risk for suicide in later life? A case-control study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15:541-544. This study demonstrated an increased odds of suicide associated with vascular risk factors.
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(2007)
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
, vol.15
, pp. 541-544
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Chan, S.S.1
Lyness, J.M.2
Conwell, Y.3
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23
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34547660416
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Rates of depression at 3 and 15 months poststroke and their relationship with cognitive decline: The Sydney Stroke Study
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Brodaty H, Withall A, Altendorf A, Sachdev PS. Rates of depression at 3 and 15 months poststroke and their relationship with cognitive decline: the Sydney Stroke Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15:477-486.
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(2007)
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry
, vol.15
, pp. 477-486
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Brodaty, H.1
Withall, A.2
Altendorf, A.3
Sachdev, P.S.4
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24
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37149039852
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Diabetes, depression, and death: A randomized controlled trial of a depression treatment program for older adults based in primary care (PROSPECT)
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This cluster randomized trial demonstrated that the enhanced treatment of depression in diabetic patients resulted in reduced mortality supporting the bi-directional effects of vascular factors and depression
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Bogner HR, Morales KH, Post EP, Bruce ML. Diabetes, depression, and death: a randomized controlled trial of a depression treatment program for older adults based in primary care (PROSPECT). Diabetes Care 2007; 30:3005-3010. This cluster randomized trial demonstrated that the enhanced treatment of depression in diabetic patients resulted in reduced mortality supporting the bi-directional effects of vascular factors and depression.
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(2007)
Diabetes Care
, vol.30
, pp. 3005-3010
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Bogner, H.R.1
Morales, K.H.2
Post, E.P.3
Bruce, M.L.4
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25
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43949136148
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Vascular depression: Myth or reality?
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Almeida OP. Vascular depression: myth or reality? Int Psychogeriatr 2008; 20:645-652.
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(2008)
Int Psychogeriatr
, vol.20
, pp. 645-652
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Almeida, O.P.1
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