Kashmir and the Northern Areas of Pakistan: Boundary-making along contested frontiers

Erdkunde

Volumn 62, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 201-219

  Kreutzmann, Hermann ^a  

^a FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Colonial boundaries; Conflicts; Geopolitics; Karakoram; Kashmir; Pakistan; Political geography

Indexed keywords

AUTONOMY; BOUNDARY DISPUTE; COLONIALISM; GEOPOLITICS; NINETEENTH CENTURY; PARTICIPATORY APPROACH; POLITICAL CONFLICT; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; PUBLIC SERVICE; REGIONALISM;

ASIA; EURASIA; INDIA; JAMMU AND KASHMIR; KARAKORAM; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 56149109187     PISSN: 00140015     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2008.03.02     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. ABDUL MALIK(2005): Village-based development in the high mountains of Pakistan: Lessons from the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP). In: GYAMTSHO, P.(ed.): Sustainable rural development in mountainous regions with a focus on agriculture in the Tibet Autonomous Region : prodeedings of the international conference held from July 26-30, 2004, in Lhasa, TAR, PR. China. Feldafing, 113-125.
2. ABDUL MALIKand IZHAR ALI HUNZAI(2005): Promise and challenge of pluralism for sustainable development in mountain areas: experience and encounters from Northern Areas and Chitral (http:// www.akdn.org/mountains/11-Pluralism and Sustainable Development (Eng).
3. AITCHISON, C. U.(1909): A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads relating to India and Neighbouring Countries XI: The Treaties &c, relating to the North-West Frontier Province, Baluchistan, Jammu and Kashmir, Eastern Turkistan and Afghanistan. Calcutta.
4. ALDER, G. J.(1963): British India's Northern Frontier 1865-95. A Study in Imperial Policy. London.
5. AZIZ ALI DAD(2007): Renaming the Northern Areas. In: Dawn 11.9.2007.
6. AZIZ SIDDIQUI(1994): Too little, too late. In: Newsline 6 (5), 49-50.
7. BEG, FAZAL AMIN(2007): Proposed names for the Northern Areas. In: Dawn 21.9.2007.
8. BHUTTO, Z. A.(1972): Speeches and statements July 1, 1972 - September 30, 1972. Karachi.
9. DAM, A. H.(1989): History of Northern Areas of Pakistan. Historical Studies (Pakistan) Series 5. Islamabad.
10. Dawn: 2.6.1988; 3.11. and 30.11.1999; 14-15.1., 24.10.2002; 1.6., 9.7.2003; 21.4., 14.5., 4., 6. and 7.6., 16.6., 4.7.2004; 9-14.1., 21.7., 1.8., 15.10., 17.10., 30.10. 2005; 20.9.2006; 20.1., 5.6., 24-27.10.2007.
11. Dawn Magazine: 2.5.2004.
12. DELANTY, G.(ed.) (2006): Europe and Asia beyond East and West. Towards a new cosmopolitism. London.
13. DICHTER, D.(1967): The North-West Frontier of West Pakistan. A study in Regional Geography. Oxford.
14. DURAND, A.(1888): Report on the present military position in Gilgit. Simla (IOL/P&S/7/57).
15. DURAND, A.(1899): The making of a frontier. London (reprint: Graz 1974, Karachi 1977).
16. ELIAS, N.(1886): Report of a mission to Chinese Turkistan and Badakhshan in 1885-1886. Calcutta (IOL/P&S/20/A 27).
17. Frontier Post, The: 31.10., 4-6.11., 3. and 5.12.1989; 1. and 21.3.1990; 28.9., 2. and 22.10.1991; 2-6.6., 11.11.1992; 20.8.-3.9.1993.
18. GIDDENS, A.(1985): The nation-state and violence. Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism 2. Cambridge.
19. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN (1984a): Pakistan Statistical Yearbook 1984. Karachi.
20. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN - (1984b): 1981 District Census Report of Northern Areas (publ. by Population Census Organization, Statistics Division). Islamabad.
21. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN - (1990): The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (publ. by Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law and Justice Division). Islamabad.
22. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN - (2000): 1998 District Census Report of Gilgit (publ. by Population Census Organization, Statistics Division). Islamabad.
23. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN - (2001): 1998 District Census Report of Baltistan (publ. by Population Census Organization, Statistics Division). Islamabad.
24. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN - Northern Areas (n.d., probably 2004): Brief on Northern Areas. Gilgit.
25. GRARE, F.(2007): The evolution of sectarian conflicts in Pakistan and the ever-changing face of Islamic violence. In: South Asia. Journal of South Asian Studies 30 (1), 127-143.
26. Herald, The: October 1999, April 2005.
27. HOLDICH, T. H.(1909): Indian Borderland. London.
28. HOLZWARTH, W.(1994): Die Ismailiten in Nordpakistan. Zur Entwicklung einer religiösen Minderheit im Kontext neuer Außenbeziehungen. Ethnizität und Gesellschaft: Occasional Papers 21. Berlin.
29. HOLZWARTH, W.- (1998): Change in pre-colonial times: An evaluation of sources on the Karakorum and Eastern Hindukush Regions (from 1500 to 1800). In: STELLRECHT, I.(ed.): Karakorum-Hindukush-Himalaya: Dynamics of Change. Culture Area Karakorum, Scientific Studies 4/II). Köln, 297-335.
30. INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY AND RECORDS: Crown Representative's Records - Indian States Residencies - Gilgit, Chilas, Hunza and Nagir Files (Confidential): IOR/2/1086/303.
31. INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY AND RECORDS: - Files relating to Indian states extracted from the Political and Secret Letters from India 1881-1911: IOL/P&S/7/132/455.
32. INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY AND RECORDS: - Files relating to Indian states extracted from the Political and Secret Letters from India 1881-1911: IOL/P&S/7/143/468.
33. INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY AND RECORDS: - Files relating to Indian states extracted from the Political and Secret Letters from India 1881-1911: IOL/P&S/7/189/1100.
34. INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY AND RECORDS: - Departmental Papers: Political and Secret Separate (or Subject) Files 1902-1931: IOL/P&S/10/279, 286, 588, 826, 924, 973.
35. JETTMAR, K.(1975): Die Religionen des Hindukusch. Die Religionen der Welt 4/1. Stuttgart.
36. KHAN, A. W.(2005): Gilgit bleeds yet again. In: Dawn 15.1.2005.
37. KREUTZMANN, H.(1989): Hunza. Ländliche Entwicklung im Karakorum. Abhandlungen Anthropogeographie 44. Berlin.
38. KREUTZMANN, H.- (1995a): Globalization, spatial integration and their impact on sustainable development in Northern Pakistan. In: Mountain Research and Development 15 (3), 213-227.
39. KREUTZMANN, H.- (1995b): Sprachenvielfalt und regionale Differenzierung von Glaubensgemeinschaften im Hindukusch-Karakorum. Die Rolle von Minderheiten im Konfliktfeld Nordpakistans. In: Erdkunde 49 (1), 106-121.
40. KREUTZMANN, H.- (2002): Streit um Kaschmir. In: Geogtaphische Rundschau. 54 (3), 56-61.
41. KREUTZMANN, H.- (2005a): The Karakoram landscape and the recent history of the Northern Areas. In: BIANCA, S.(ed,): Karakoram. Hidden treasures in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Turin, 41-76.
42. KREUTZMANN, H.- (2005b): Linguistic diversity in space and time: a survey in the Eastern Hindukush and Karakoram. In: Himalayan Linguistics 4. Web-Journal. http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CIE/ HimalayanLinguistics/Journal_2005/Kreutzmann_HLJ4.pdf
43. KREUTZMANN, H.- (2008): Dividing the world: conflict and inequality in the context of growing global tension. In: Third World Quarterly 29 (4), 675-689.
44. KUMAR, R.(2005): Making peace with partition. New Delhi.
45. LAMB, A.(1991): Kashmir. A disputed legacy 1846-1990. London (reprint: Karachi 1992).
46. LAMB, A.(1994): The Indian claim to Jammu & Kashmir: conditional accession, plebiscites and the reference to the United Nations. In: Contemporary South Asia 3 (1), 67-72.
47. LEITNER, G. W.(1891): Rough accounts of itineraries through the Hindukush and to Central Asia. In: The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review, N. S. II, 243-248.
48. LEITNER, G. W.- (1893a): Dardistan. In: The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review, N. S. VI, 202-207.
49. LEITNER, G. W.- (1893b): Dardistan in 1893 and the treaty with Kashmir. In: The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review, N. S. VI, 422-425.
50. LEITNER, G. W.- (1894): Dardistan in 1866, 1886 and 1893. Woking (reprint: New Delhi 1978, Karachi 1985).
51. LOCKHART, W. S. A.and WOODTHORPE, R. G.(1889): The Gilgit Mission 1885-86. London.
52. MASOODUL MULK(1991): A microcosm of farmers strategies in Chitral. AKRSP Occasional Papers 1. Gilgit.
53. MEHMOOD KHAN(1996): Prime Minister's reform package for Northern Areas. In: The Muslim 18.5.1996,14-15.
54. Muslim, The: 31.5. and 20.6.1985; 23. and 24.5.1988; 21.10., 27.11.1989; 19.3.1990; 27.8., 27. and 29.9., 20.10.1991; 1-6.6., 25-28.8., 24.9., 4.12.1992; 20.8.-3.9., 21.9., 5.10.1993.
55. News, The: 27.9., 2.10.1991, 13.8.1992, 21.8-3.9.1993, 2.8. and 30.10.2007.
56. Pakistan Times: 17.1.1988, 20.8.-3.9.1993.
57. PRESCOTT, J. R. V.(1965): The geography of frontiers and boundaries. London.
58. PRESCOTT, J. R. V.- (1975): Map of mainland Asia by treaty. Melbourne.
59. PRESCOTT, J. R. V.- (1987): Political frontiers and boundaries. London.
60. PRESCOTT, J. R. V.; COLLIER, H. J.and PRESCOTT, D. F. (1977): Frontiers of Asia and Southeast Asia. Melbourne.
61. RAMAN, B.(2005): Unrest in Gilgit-Baltistan. South Asia Analysis Group Paper 1241. http://www.saag.org/papers13/paper1241.html (26.10.2007).
62. RIECK, A.(1995): Sectarianism as a political problem in Pakistan: the case of Northern Areas. In: Orient 36 (3), 429-448.
63. RUMFORD, C.(2006): Theorizing borders. In: European Journal of Social Theory 9 (2), 155-469.
64. SALAM, A. A.(1989): Decision on status of Northern Areas shortly. In: Dawn 12.3.1989
65. SAMADDAR, R.(ed.) (2002): Space, territory and the state. New readings in international politics. Hyderabad.
66. SHERULLAH BEG(1976): An introduction to Northern Areas of Pakistan. Gilgit.
67. SÖKEFELD, M.(1997): Jang Āzādī: Perspectives on a major theme in Northern Areas' history. In: STELLRECHT, I. (ed.): The past in the present. Horizons of remembering in the Pakistan Himalaya. CAK Scientific Studies 2. Köln, 61-81.
68. SÖKEFELD, M.- (1999): Bālw̄aristn̄ and other imaginations. A nationalist discourse in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. In: BEEK, M. VAN; BERTELSEN, K. B.and PEDERSEN, P.(eds.): Ladakh: culture, history, and development between Himalaya and Karakoram. Recent Research on Ladakh 8. Aarhus, 350-368.
69. SÖKEFELD, M.- (2005): From colonialism to postcolonial colonialism: changing modes of domination in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. In: Journal of Asian Studies 64 (4), 939-973.
70. STÖBER, G.(2007): Religious identities provoked: the Gilgit 'Textbook Controversy' and its conflictual context. In: Internationale Schulbuchforschung 29, 389-411.
71. TANVEER KAYANIand KHAN, M. A.(1998): Reconstitution of provincial boundaries in Pakistan: an appraisal and suggestions. In: ISRAR-UD-DIN(ed.): Studies in Pakistan Geography. Peshawar, 263-282.
72. TARIQ ALI(1983): Can Pakistan survive? The death of a state. Harmondsworth.
73. USMAN MALIK, M.and SCHIMMEL, A.(1976): Pakistan. Das Land und seine Menschen. Geschichte, Kultur, Staat und Wirtschaft. Tübingen, Basel.
74. WARIKOO, K.(2007): Language and politics in Jammu and Kashmir. Issues and perspectives. http://www.koshur.org/Linguistic/11.html (25.10.2007).
75. WORLD BANK (2002): The next ascent. An evaluation of the Aga Khan Rural Support Program, Pakistan. Washington.
76. ZAIGHAM KHAN(1996): Saviours of the lost park. In: The Herald, September 1996, 142-143.