메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 22, 2008, Pages 1749-1757

Resistant Hypertension. An Overview of Evaluation and Treatment

Author keywords

evaluation; management; resistant hypertension; treatment

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; AMLODIPINE; AMLODIPINE PLUS BENAZEPRIL; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANOREXIGENIC AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATENOLOL; BENAZEPRIL PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BUMETANIDE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CHLORTALIDONE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DECONGESTIVE AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ERYTHROPOIETIN; FUROSEMIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LISINOPRIL; LOOP DIURETIC AGENT; LOSARTAN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; RENIN INHIBITOR; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; TORASEMIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 56149084750     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.036     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (321)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0038047699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States
    • Wolf-Maier K., Cooper R.S., Banegas J.R., et al. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA 289 (2003) 2363-2369
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2363-2369
    • Wolf-Maier, K.1    Cooper, R.S.2    Banegas, J.R.3
  • 2
    • 44349101152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardiovascular events in older and younger adults: meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • Turnbull F., Neal B., Ninomiya T., et al. Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardiovascular events in older and younger adults: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 336 (2008) 1121-1123
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 1121-1123
    • Turnbull, F.1    Neal, B.2    Ninomiya, T.3
  • 3
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • Lewington S., Clarke R., Qizilbash N., Peto R., and Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 360 (2002) 1903-1913
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1903-1913
    • Lewington, S.1    Clarke, R.2    Qizilbash, N.3    Peto, R.4    Collins, R.5
  • 4
    • 0037213037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64)
    • Adler A.I., Stevens R.J., Manley S.E., Bilous R.W., Cull C.A., and Holman R.R. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney Int 63 (2003) 225-232
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.63 , pp. 225-232
    • Adler, A.I.1    Stevens, R.J.2    Manley, S.E.3    Bilous, R.W.4    Cull, C.A.5    Holman, R.R.6
  • 6
    • 33847633400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004
    • Ong K.L., Cheung B.M., Man Y.B., Lau C.P., and Lam K.S. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension 49 (2007) 69-75
    • (2007) Hypertension , vol.49 , pp. 69-75
    • Ong, K.L.1    Cheung, B.M.2    Man, Y.B.3    Lau, C.P.4    Lam, K.S.5
  • 7
    • 9144248446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States
    • Wolf-Maier K., Cooper R.S., Kramer H., et al. Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension 43 (2004) 10-17
    • (2004) Hypertension , vol.43 , pp. 10-17
    • Wolf-Maier, K.1    Cooper, R.S.2    Kramer, H.3
  • 8
    • 0344373794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 288 (2002) 2981-2997
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2981-2997
  • 9
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol
    • Dahlof B., Devereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E., et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 359 (2002) 995-1003
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlof, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 10
    • 0345492460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial
    • Pepine C.J., Handberg E.M., Cooper-DeHoff R.M., et al. A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 290 (2003) 2805-2816
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2805-2816
    • Pepine, C.J.1    Handberg, E.M.2    Cooper-DeHoff, R.M.3
  • 11
    • 0347423198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
    • Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 42 (2003) 1206-1252
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , pp. 1206-1252
    • Chobanian, A.V.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Black, H.R.3
  • 12
    • 33746430561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Resistant or difficult-to-control hypertension
    • Moser M., and Setaro J.F. Clinical practice. Resistant or difficult-to-control hypertension. N Engl J Med 355 (2006) 385-392
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 385-392
    • Moser, M.1    Setaro, J.F.2
  • 13
    • 79959334521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research
    • Calhoun D.A., Jones D., Textor S., et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 117 (2008) e510-e526
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117
    • Calhoun, D.A.1    Jones, D.2    Textor, S.3
  • 15
    • 23344447834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistant hypertension
    • Kaplan N.M. Resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 23 (2005) 1441-1444
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 1441-1444
    • Kaplan, N.M.1
  • 16
    • 42049112222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of hypertension management in the United States: confluence of risk factors and the prevalence of resistant hypertension
    • Sarafidis P.A., and Bakris G.L. State of hypertension management in the United States: confluence of risk factors and the prevalence of resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 10 (2008) 130-139
    • (2008) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.10 , pp. 130-139
    • Sarafidis, P.A.1    Bakris, G.L.2
  • 17
    • 41249093134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in chronic kidney disease
    • Sarafidis P.A., Li S., Chen S.C., et al. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in chronic kidney disease. Am J Med 121 (2008) 332-340
    • (2008) Am J Med , vol.121 , pp. 332-340
    • Sarafidis, P.A.1    Li, S.2    Chen, S.C.3
  • 18
    • 3042819708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease
    • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 43 (2004) 1-290
    • (2004) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.43 , pp. 1-290
  • 19
    • 34547647776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure control and improved cardiovascular outcomes in the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study
    • Mancia G., Messerli F., Bakris G., Zhou Q., Champion A., and Pepine C.J. Blood pressure control and improved cardiovascular outcomes in the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study. Hypertension 50 (2007) 299-305
    • (2007) Hypertension , vol.50 , pp. 299-305
    • Mancia, G.1    Messerli, F.2    Bakris, G.3    Zhou, Q.4    Champion, A.5    Pepine, C.J.6
  • 20
    • 13444255966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals. Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans. A statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research
    • Pickering T.G., Hall J.E., Appel L.J., et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals. Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans. A statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 111 (2005) 697-716
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 697-716
    • Pickering, T.G.1    Hall, J.E.2    Appel, L.J.3
  • 21
    • 0029083104 scopus 로고
    • White coat hypertension and white coat effect. Similarities and differences
    • Verdecchia P., Schillaci G., Borgioni C., et al. White coat hypertension and white coat effect. Similarities and differences. Am J Hypertens 8 (1995) 790-798
    • (1995) Am J Hypertens , vol.8 , pp. 790-798
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Schillaci, G.2    Borgioni, C.3
  • 22
    • 0035216183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is resistant hypertension really resistant?
    • Brown M.A., Buddle M.L., and Martin A. Is resistant hypertension really resistant?. Am J Hypertens 14 (2001) 1263-1269
    • (2001) Am J Hypertens , vol.14 , pp. 1263-1269
    • Brown, M.A.1    Buddle, M.L.2    Martin, A.3
  • 23
    • 0031933420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in refractory hypertension: a prospective study
    • Redon J., Campos C., Narciso M.L., Rodicio J.L., Pascual J.M., and Ruilope L.M. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in refractory hypertension: a prospective study. Hypertension 31 (1998) 712-718
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.31 , pp. 712-718
    • Redon, J.1    Campos, C.2    Narciso, M.L.3    Rodicio, J.L.4    Pascual, J.M.5    Ruilope, L.M.6
  • 24
    • 27644538062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular outcome in treated hypertensive patients with responder, masked, false resistant, and true resistant hypertension
    • Pierdomenico S.D., Lapenna D., Bucci A., et al. Cardiovascular outcome in treated hypertensive patients with responder, masked, false resistant, and true resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens 18 (2005) 1422-1428
    • (2005) Am J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 1422-1428
    • Pierdomenico, S.D.1    Lapenna, D.2    Bucci, A.3
  • 25
    • 0033547740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence with treatment for hypertension in actual practice
    • Caro J.J., Salas M., Speckman J.L., Raggio G., and Jackson J.D. Persistence with treatment for hypertension in actual practice. CMAJ 160 (1999) 31-37
    • (1999) CMAJ , vol.160 , pp. 31-37
    • Caro, J.J.1    Salas, M.2    Speckman, J.L.3    Raggio, G.4    Jackson, J.D.5
  • 26
    • 29244462820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of persistence with antihypertensive medications in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in Italy: a retrospective cohort study in primary care
    • Mazzaglia G., Mantovani L.G., Sturkenboom M.C., et al. Patterns of persistence with antihypertensive medications in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in Italy: a retrospective cohort study in primary care. J Hypertens 23 (2005) 2093-2100
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 2093-2100
    • Mazzaglia, G.1    Mantovani, L.G.2    Sturkenboom, M.C.3
  • 27
    • 28844436931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate and determinants of 10-year persistence with antihypertensive drugs
    • Van Wijk B.L., Klungel O.H., Heerdink E.R., and de Boer A. Rate and determinants of 10-year persistence with antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 23 (2005) 2101-2107
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 2101-2107
    • Van Wijk, B.L.1    Klungel, O.H.2    Heerdink, E.R.3    de Boer, A.4
  • 28
    • 44349111871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to prescribed antihypertensive drug treatments: longitudinal study of electronically compiled dosing histories
    • Vrijens B., Vincze G., Kristanto P., Urquhart J., and Burnier M. Adherence to prescribed antihypertensive drug treatments: longitudinal study of electronically compiled dosing histories. BMJ 336 (2008) 1114-1117
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 1114-1117
    • Vrijens, B.1    Vincze, G.2    Kristanto, P.3    Urquhart, J.4    Burnier, M.5
  • 30
    • 4644341648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of interventions for medication adherence to antihypertensives
    • Takiya L.N., Peterson A.M., and Finley R.S. Meta-analysis of interventions for medication adherence to antihypertensives. Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004) 1617-1624
    • (2004) Ann Pharmacother , vol.38 , pp. 1617-1624
    • Takiya, L.N.1    Peterson, A.M.2    Finley, R.S.3
  • 31
    • 0036790755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal-oriented hypertension management: translating clinical trials to practice
    • Singer G.M., Izhar M., and Black H.R. Goal-oriented hypertension management: translating clinical trials to practice. Hypertension 40 (2002) 464-469
    • (2002) Hypertension , vol.40 , pp. 464-469
    • Singer, G.M.1    Izhar, M.2    Black, H.R.3
  • 33
    • 41249103273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistant hypertension: identifying causes and optimizing treatment regimens
    • Trewet C.L., and Ernst M.E. Resistant hypertension: identifying causes and optimizing treatment regimens. South Med J 101 (2008) 166-173
    • (2008) South Med J , vol.101 , pp. 166-173
    • Trewet, C.L.1    Ernst, M.E.2
  • 34
    • 0034726375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported hypertension treatment practices among primary care physicians: blood pressure thresholds, drug choices, and the role of guidelines and evidence-based medicine
    • Hyman D.J., and Pavlik V.N. Self-reported hypertension treatment practices among primary care physicians: blood pressure thresholds, drug choices, and the role of guidelines and evidence-based medicine. Arch Intern Med 160 (2000) 2281-2286
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 2281-2286
    • Hyman, D.J.1    Pavlik, V.N.2
  • 36
    • 20244382998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension for clinic, ambulatory and self blood pressure measurement
    • O'Brien E., Asmar R., Beilin L., et al. Practice guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension for clinic, ambulatory and self blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens 23 (2005) 697-701
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 697-701
    • O'Brien, E.1    Asmar, R.2    Beilin, L.3
  • 38
    • 0028580588 scopus 로고
    • Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure?. A meta-analysis
    • Johnson A.G., Nguyen T.V., and Day R.O. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure?. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 121 (1994) 289-300
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.121 , pp. 289-300
    • Johnson, A.G.1    Nguyen, T.V.2    Day, R.O.3
  • 39
    • 0033817582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of indomethacin on blood pressure lowering by captopril and losartan in hypertensive patients
    • Conlin P.R., Moore T.J., Swartz S.L., et al. Effect of indomethacin on blood pressure lowering by captopril and losartan in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 36 (2000) 461-465
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.36 , pp. 461-465
    • Conlin, P.R.1    Moore, T.J.2    Swartz, S.L.3
  • 40
    • 0024453974 scopus 로고
    • Renal dysfunction resulting from NSAIDs
    • Bakris G.L., and Kern S.R. Renal dysfunction resulting from NSAIDs. Am Fam Physician 40 (1989) 199-204
    • (1989) Am Fam Physician , vol.40 , pp. 199-204
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Kern, S.R.2
  • 41
    • 0036830135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of celecoxib and rofecoxib on blood pressure and edema in patients > or = 65 years of age with systemic hypertension and osteoarthritis
    • Whelton A., White W.B., Bello A.E., Puma J.A., and Fort J.G. Effects of celecoxib and rofecoxib on blood pressure and edema in patients > or = 65 years of age with systemic hypertension and osteoarthritis. Am J Cardiol 90 (2002) 959-963
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , pp. 959-963
    • Whelton, A.1    White, W.B.2    Bello, A.E.3    Puma, J.A.4    Fort, J.G.5
  • 42
    • 0024814746 scopus 로고
    • Plasma volume in resistant hypertension: guide to pathophysiology and therapy
    • Graves J.W., Bloomfield R.L., and Buckalew Jr. V.M. Plasma volume in resistant hypertension: guide to pathophysiology and therapy. Am J Med Sci 298 (1989) 361-365
    • (1989) Am J Med Sci , vol.298 , pp. 361-365
    • Graves, J.W.1    Bloomfield, R.L.2    Buckalew Jr., V.M.3
  • 43
    • 19744368451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of plasma aldosterone-to-renin activity ratio in African American and white subjects with resistant hypertension
    • Nishizaka M.K., Pratt-Ubunama M., Zaman M.A., Cofield S., and Calhoun D.A. Validity of plasma aldosterone-to-renin activity ratio in African American and white subjects with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens 18 (2005) 805-812
    • (2005) Am J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 805-812
    • Nishizaka, M.K.1    Pratt-Ubunama, M.2    Zaman, M.A.3    Cofield, S.4    Calhoun, D.A.5
  • 44
    • 0035909853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet and sodium intake on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the DASH-sodium trial
    • Vollmer W.M., Sacks F.M., Ard J., et al. Effects of diet and sodium intake on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the DASH-sodium trial. Ann Intern Med 135 (2001) 1019-1028
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.135 , pp. 1019-1028
    • Vollmer, W.M.1    Sacks, F.M.2    Ard, J.3
  • 45
    • 5544244681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in overweight and obese primary care patients is highly prevalent and poorly controlled
    • Bramlage P., Pittrow D., Wittchen H.U., et al. Hypertension in overweight and obese primary care patients is highly prevalent and poorly controlled. Am J Hypertens 17 (2004) 904-910
    • (2004) Am J Hypertens , vol.17 , pp. 904-910
    • Bramlage, P.1    Pittrow, D.2    Wittchen, H.U.3
  • 46
    • 0036863587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • Cushman W.C., Ford C.E., Cutler J.A., et al. Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 4 (2002) 393-404
    • (2002) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.4 , pp. 393-404
    • Cushman, W.C.1    Ford, C.E.2    Cutler, J.A.3
  • 47
    • 40149107439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of obesity
    • Morris M.J. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of obesity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 35 (2008) 416-419
    • (2008) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.35 , pp. 416-419
    • Morris, M.J.1
  • 48
    • 56149100684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity, insulin resistance and kidney disease risk: insights into the relationship
    • Sarafidis P.A. Obesity, insulin resistance and kidney disease risk: insights into the relationship. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 17 (2008) 450-456
    • (2008) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.17 , pp. 450-456
    • Sarafidis, P.A.1
  • 49
    • 34547562750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and pathophysiology
    • Wong C., and Marwick T.H. Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 4 (2007) 436-443
    • (2007) Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med , vol.4 , pp. 436-443
    • Wong, C.1    Marwick, T.H.2
  • 50
    • 20044371999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long-term hypertension outcomes: a systematic review
    • Aucott L., Poobalan A., Smith W.C., Avenell A., Jung R., and Broom J. Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long-term hypertension outcomes: a systematic review. Hypertension 45 (2005) 1035-1041
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.45 , pp. 1035-1041
    • Aucott, L.1    Poobalan, A.2    Smith, W.C.3    Avenell, A.4    Jung, R.5    Broom, J.6
  • 52
    • 0026001631 scopus 로고
    • Resistant hypertension in a tertiary care clinic
    • Yakovlevitch M., and Black H.R. Resistant hypertension in a tertiary care clinic. Arch Intern Med 151 (1991) 1786-1792
    • (1991) Arch Intern Med , vol.151 , pp. 1786-1792
    • Yakovlevitch, M.1    Black, H.R.2
  • 53
    • 18844389740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistant hypertension revisited: a comparison of two university-based cohorts
    • Garg J.P., Elliott W.J., Folker A., Izhar M., and Black H.R. Resistant hypertension revisited: a comparison of two university-based cohorts. Am J Hypertens 18 (2005) 619-626
    • (2005) Am J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 619-626
    • Garg, J.P.1    Elliott, W.J.2    Folker, A.3    Izhar, M.4    Black, H.R.5
  • 54
    • 0028236204 scopus 로고
    • The effect of age on prevalence of secondary forms of hypertension in 4429 consecutively referred patients
    • Anderson Jr. G.H., Blakeman N., and Streeten D.H. The effect of age on prevalence of secondary forms of hypertension in 4429 consecutively referred patients. J Hypertens 12 (1994) 609-615
    • (1994) J Hypertens , vol.12 , pp. 609-615
    • Anderson Jr., G.H.1    Blakeman, N.2    Streeten, D.H.3
  • 55
    • 0036107152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistant hypertension: comparing hemodynamic management to specialist care
    • Taler S.J., Textor S.C., and Augustine J.E. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemodynamic management to specialist care. Hypertension 39 (2002) 982-988
    • (2002) Hypertension , vol.39 , pp. 982-988
    • Taler, S.J.1    Textor, S.C.2    Augustine, J.E.3
  • 56
    • 34447315518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptional early blood pressure control rates: the ACCOMPLISH trial
    • Jamerson K., Bakris G.L., Dahlof B., et al. Exceptional early blood pressure control rates: the ACCOMPLISH trial. Blood Press 16 (2007) 80-86
    • (2007) Blood Press , vol.16 , pp. 80-86
    • Jamerson, K.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Dahlof, B.3
  • 57
    • 0037851836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial
    • Black H.R., Elliott W.J., Grandits G., et al. Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA 289 (2003) 2073-2082
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2073-2082
    • Black, H.R.1    Elliott, W.J.2    Grandits, G.3
  • 58
    • 44649128024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension
    • Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 9 (2007) 802-806
    • (2007) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.9 , pp. 802-806
    • Handler, J.1
  • 59
    • 33644981542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure
    • Ernst M.E., Carter B.L., Goerdt C.J., et al. Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure. Hypertension 47 (2006) 352-358
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.47 , pp. 352-358
    • Ernst, M.E.1    Carter, B.L.2    Goerdt, C.J.3
  • 60
    • 27744579877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide equivalent blood-pressure-lowering medications?
    • Khosla N., Chua D.Y., Elliott W.J., and Bakris G.L. Are chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide equivalent blood-pressure-lowering medications?. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 7 (2005) 354-356
    • (2005) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.7 , pp. 354-356
    • Khosla, N.1    Chua, D.Y.2    Elliott, W.J.3    Bakris, G.L.4
  • 61
    • 38849150966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria: natural course, prognostic implications and therapeutic considerations
    • Sarafidis P.A. Proteinuria: natural course, prognostic implications and therapeutic considerations. Minerva Med 98 (2007) 693-711
    • (2007) Minerva Med , vol.98 , pp. 693-711
    • Sarafidis, P.A.1
  • 63
    • 56149126294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of recent fixed-dose combination therapies in the management of hypertension
    • Khanna A., Lefkowitz L., and White W.B. Evaluation of recent fixed-dose combination therapies in the management of hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 17 (2008) 477-483
    • (2008) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.17 , pp. 477-483
    • Khanna, A.1    Lefkowitz, L.2    White, W.B.3
  • 64
    • 47749142140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in medication compliance and healthcare utilization among hypertensive Medicaid recipients: fixed-dose vs free-combination treatment
    • Dickson M., and Plauschinat C.A. Racial differences in medication compliance and healthcare utilization among hypertensive Medicaid recipients: fixed-dose vs free-combination treatment. Ethn Dis 18 (2008) 204-209
    • (2008) Ethn Dis , vol.18 , pp. 204-209
    • Dickson, M.1    Plauschinat, C.A.2
  • 65
    • 0029979802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nifedipine alone and with diltiazem or verapamil in hypertension
    • Saseen J.J., Carter B.L., Brown T.E., Elliott W.J., and Black H.R. Comparison of nifedipine alone and with diltiazem or verapamil in hypertension. Hypertension 28 (1996) 109-114
    • (1996) Hypertension , vol.28 , pp. 109-114
    • Saseen, J.J.1    Carter, B.L.2    Brown, T.E.3    Elliott, W.J.4    Black, H.R.5
  • 66
    • 1642290929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of calcium antagonists in chronic kidney disease
    • Gashti C.N., and Bakris G.L. The role of calcium antagonists in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 13 (2004) 155-161
    • (2004) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.13 , pp. 155-161
    • Gashti, C.N.1    Bakris, G.L.2
  • 67
    • 17144392551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antihypertensive effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a calcium antagonist and a diuretic in patients with hypertension not controlled by angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapy
    • Stergiou G.S., Makris T., Papavasiliou M., Efstathiou S., and Manolis A. Comparison of antihypertensive effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a calcium antagonist and a diuretic in patients with hypertension not controlled by angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapy. J Hypertens 23 (2005) 883-889
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 883-889
    • Stergiou, G.S.1    Makris, T.2    Papavasiliou, M.3    Efstathiou, S.4    Manolis, A.5
  • 68
    • 42049107348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events
    • Yusuf S., Teo K.K., Pogue J., et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 358 (2008) 1547-1559
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1547-1559
    • Yusuf, S.1    Teo, K.K.2    Pogue, J.3
  • 69
    • 49149087718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both in people at high vascular risk: results from a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial
    • Mann J.F., Schmieder R., McQueen M., et al. Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both in people at high vascular risk: results from a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 372 (2008) 547-553
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 547-553
    • Mann, J.F.1    Schmieder, R.2    McQueen, M.3
  • 70
    • 34447521458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial
    • Oparil S., Yarows S.A., Patel S., Fang H., Zhang J., and Satlin A. Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 370 (2007) 221-229
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 221-229
    • Oparil, S.1    Yarows, S.A.2    Patel, S.3    Fang, H.4    Zhang, J.5    Satlin, A.6
  • 71
    • 33847193562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension
    • Pratt-Ubunama M.N., Nishizaka M.K., Boedefeld R.L., Cofield S.S., Harding S.M., and Calhoun D.A. Plasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension. Chest 131 (2007) 453-459
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 453-459
    • Pratt-Ubunama, M.N.1    Nishizaka, M.K.2    Boedefeld, R.L.3    Cofield, S.S.4    Harding, S.M.5    Calhoun, D.A.6
  • 72
    • 0142231538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension
    • Nishizaka M.K., Zaman M.A., and Calhoun D.A. Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens 16 (2003) 925-930
    • (2003) Am J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 925-930
    • Nishizaka, M.K.1    Zaman, M.A.2    Calhoun, D.A.3
  • 73
    • 34047197931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension
    • Chapman N., Dobson J., Wilson S., et al. Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 49 (2007) 839-845
    • (2007) Hypertension , vol.49 , pp. 839-845
    • Chapman, N.1    Dobson, J.2    Wilson, S.3
  • 74
    • 0142085752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of eplerenone, enalapril, and eplerenone/enalapril in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the 4E-left ventricular hypertrophy study
    • Pitt B., Reichek N., Willenbrock R., et al. Effects of eplerenone, enalapril, and eplerenone/enalapril in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the 4E-left ventricular hypertrophy study. Circulation 108 (2003) 1831-1838
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 1831-1838
    • Pitt, B.1    Reichek, N.2    Willenbrock, R.3
  • 75
    • 7744227337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension: a clue to efficient treatment
    • Eide I.K., Torjesen P.A., Drolsum A., Babovic A., and Lilledahl N.P. Low-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension: a clue to efficient treatment. J Hypertens 22 (2004) 2217-2226
    • (2004) J Hypertens , vol.22 , pp. 2217-2226
    • Eide, I.K.1    Torjesen, P.A.2    Drolsum, A.3    Babovic, A.4    Lilledahl, N.P.5
  • 76
    • 33646880274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistant or difficult-to-treat hypertension
    • Calhoun D.A. Resistant or difficult-to-treat hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 8 (2006) 181-186
    • (2006) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.8 , pp. 181-186
    • Calhoun, D.A.1
  • 77
    • 0036634351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darusentan: an effective endothelin A receptor antagonist for treatment of hypertension
    • Nakov R., Pfarr E., and Eberle S. Darusentan: an effective endothelin A receptor antagonist for treatment of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 15 (2002) 583-589
    • (2002) Am J Hypertens , vol.15 , pp. 583-589
    • Nakov, R.1    Pfarr, E.2    Eberle, S.3
  • 78
    • 43049099531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of darusentan in patients with resistant hypertension: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging study
    • Black H.R., Bakris G.L., Weber M.A., et al. Efficacy and safety of darusentan in patients with resistant hypertension: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 9 (2007) 760-769
    • (2007) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.9 , pp. 760-769
    • Black, H.R.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Weber, M.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.